Investigation of the Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of ZnBr2-Added MAPbI3 Perovskite Thin Films

Havva Elif Lapa

doi:10.29233/sdufeffd.1421322

Araştırma Makalesi

Investigation of the Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of ZnBr2-Added MAPbI3 Perovskite Thin Films

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 108 - 116, 25.11.2024

Havva Elif Lapa

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1421322

Öz

Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite thin films, which were pure and ZnBr2-added at different rates (1, 3, and 5 wt%), were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide/titanium dioxide (FTO/TiO2) substrates by the spin coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the peak at 14° was the main peak for all thin films. A shift was observed with the addition of ZnBr2 at the main peak position. As the ZnBr2 addition rate increased, PbI2 peaks occurred at 12.5°. It was seen in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) surface image that the grain sizes were larger than the others on the MAPbI3 perovskite thin film with 5 wt% ZnBr2 added. For MAPbI3 perovskite thin films with 5 wt% ZnBr2 added, the absorbance value in the visible region (from 390 to 780 nm) was higher than the others. It was observed that the band gap value (Eg) of MAPbI3 perovskite thin films can be adjusted by adding ZnBr2.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Advanced energy materials, perovskite thin films, ZnBr2 additive

Kaynakça

B. Dahal and W. Li, “Configuration of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cell and its effect on the device’s performance: A review”, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9, 2200042, 2022.
S. Khatoon, S. K. Yadav, V. Chakravorty, J. Singh, R. B. Singh, M. S. Hasnain and S. M. M. Hasnain, “Perovskite solar cell’s efficiency, stability and scalability: A review”, Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 6, 437-459, 2023.
T. Baikie, Y. Fang, J. M. Kadro, M. Schreyer, F. Wei, S. G. Mhaisalkar, M. Graetzel and T. J. White, “Synthesis and crystal chemistry of the hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 for solid-state sensitised solar cell applications”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(18), 5628-5641, 2013.
B. Saparov and D. B. Mitzi, “Organic-inorganic perovskites: Structural versatility for functional materials design”, Chemical Reviews, 116, 4558–4596, 2016.
S. D. Stranks, G. E. Eperon, G. Grancini, C. Menelaou, M. Alcocer, T. Leijtens, L. M. Herz, A. Petrozza and H. J. Snaith, “Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber”, Science, 342(6156), 341–344, 2013.
H. E. Lapa, A. Çalık, M. Kaleli and D. A. Aldemir, “Investigation of stability for Cs2TiBr6 perovskite materials exposed to air environment”, Physica Scripta, 98(6), 065805, 2023.
NREL: Efficiency chart (2023). [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (ie.25.08.2023)
C. A. Rico-Yuson, S. Danwittayakul, S. Kumar, G. L. Hornyak and T. Bora, “Sequential dip-coating of CsPbBr3 perovskite films in ambient conditions and their photovoltaic performance”, Journal of Materials Science, 57, 10285–10298, 2022.
L. H. Chou, J. M. W. Chan and C. L. Liu, “Progress in spray coated perovskite films for solar cell applications”, Solar RRL, 6(4), 2101035, 2022.
H. E. Lapa, “The effect of illumination on p-n junction diodes based on Yb-doped CuO thin films produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method”, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 34(5), 425, 2023.
M. Shahiduzzaman, K. Yamamoto, Y. Furumoto, T. Kuwabara, K. Takahashi and T. Taima, “Ionic liquid-assisted growth of methylammonium lead iodide spherical nanoparticles by a simple spin-coating method and photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells”, Rsc Advances, 5(95), 77495-77500, 2015.
R. Lu, Y. Liu, J. Zhang, D. Zhao, X. Guo and C. Li, “Highly efficient (200) oriented MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 433, 133845, 2022.
M. Kaleli, E. Şen, H. E. Lapa and D. A. Aldemir, “The production route of the MASnBr3 based perovskite solar cells with fully ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method”, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 645, 414293, 2022.
N. Sahu, B. Parija and S. Panigrahi, “Fundamental understanding and modeling of spin coating process: A review”, Indian Journal of Physics, 83(4), 493-502, 2009.
L. E. Scriven, “Physics and applications of DIP coating and spin coating”, MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL), 121, 717729, 1988.
H. E. Lapa, “Alttaş sıcaklığına bağlı olarak ultrasonik sprey piroliz yöntemi ile üretilen CuO ince filmlerin incelenmesi”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 17(1), 195-208, 2022.
Y. Jing, Y. Lv, K. Wang, Z. Xu and X. Zhou, “Acquiring high-performance and commercially available carbon based air-stable perovskite solar cells by using ZnBr2 additive”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 930, 167445, 2023.
J. I. Kim, Q. Zeng, S. Park, H. Lee, J. Park, T. Kim and T. W. Lee, “Strategies to extend the lifetime of perovskite downconversion films for display applications”, Advanced Materials, 2209784, 2023.
R. Wang, J. Xue, L. Meng, J. W. Lee, Z. Zhao, P. Sun, L. Cai, T. Huang, Z. Wang, Z. K. Wang, Y. Duan, J. L. Yang, S. Tan, Y. Yuan, Y. Huang and Y. Yang, “Caffeine improves the performance and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells”, Joule, 3(6), 1464-1477, 2019.
C. Fei, B. Li, R. Zhang, H. Fu, J. Tian and G. Cao, “Highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells based on monolithically grained CH3NH3PbI3 film”, Advanced Energy Materials, 7(9), 1602017, 2017.
X. Y. Zhu, M. W. Chen, B. Wang, N. Liu, M. Q. Ran, H. Yang and Y. P. Yang, “Improved photovoltaic properties of nominal composition CH3NH3Pb099Zn001I3 carbon-based perovskite solar cells”, Optics Express, 26(26), A984-A995, 2018.
M. Konstantakou, D. Perganti, P. Falaras and T. Stergiopoulos, “Anti-solvent crystallization strategies for highly efficient perovskite solar cells”, Crystals, 7(10), 291, 2017.
M. Xiao, F. Huang, W. Huang, Y. Dkhissi, Y. Zhu, J. Etheridge, A. Gray-Weale, U. Bach, Y. B. Cheng and L. Spiccia, “A fast deposition-crystallization procedure for highly efficient lead iodide perovskite thin-film solar cells”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(37), 9898-9903, 2014.
H. Li, Y. Xia, C. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Chen, L. Guo, D. Luo and S. Wen, “High-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells prepared using chlorobenzene/acetonitrile antisolvent”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11(38), 34989-34996, 2019.
S. Bouazizi, A. Bouich, W. Tlili, M. Amlouk, A. Omri, B. M. Soucase, “Methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite-based solar cells efficiency: Insight from experimental and simulation”, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 122, 108458, 2023.
Z. S. Almutawah, S. C. Watthage, Z. Song, R. H. Ahangharnejhad, K. K. Subedi, N. Shrestha, A. B. Phillips, Y. Yan, R. J. Ellingson and M. J. Heben, “Enhanced grain size and crystallinity in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films by metal additives to the single-step solution fabrication process”, MRS Advances, 3, 3237-3242, 2018.
P. Basumatary and P. Agarwal, “Photocurrent transient measurements in MAPbI3 thin films”, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 10047-10054, 2020.
B.D. Cullity, Elements of X-ray diffraction, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Boston, 1956.
. Li, P. Lv, C. Li, F. Xu, J. Jia and B. Cao, “Heterostructural perovskite solar cell constructed with Li-doped p-MAPbI3/n-TiO2 PN junction”, Solar Energy, 226, 446-454, 2021.
S. Wang, K. Zhao, Y. Shao, L. Xu, Y. -P. Huang and W. Li, “Evolutions of optical constants, interband electron transitions, and bandgap of Sn-doped CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films”, Applied Physics Letters, 116, 261902, 2020.
F. Yang, M. A. Kamarudin, G. Kapil, D. Hirotani, P. Zhang, C. H. Ng, T. Ma and S. Hayase, “Magnesium-doped MAPbI3 perovskite layers for enhanced photovoltaic performance in humid air atmosphere”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10, 24543-24548, 2018.
B. Luo, F. Li, K. Xu, Y. Guo, Y. Liu, Z. Xia and J. Z. Zhang, “B-Site doped lead halide perovskites: synthesis, band engineering, photophysics, and light emission applications”, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 7(10), 2781-2808, 2019.
H. W. Qiao, S. Yang, Y. Wang, X. Chen, T. Y. Wen, L. J. Tang, Q. Cheng, Y. Hou, H. Zhao and H. G. Yang, “A gradient heterostructure based on tolerance factor in high-performance perovskite solar cells with 0.84 fill factor”, Advanced Materials, 31(5), 1804217, 2019.
H. Ali, F. Bensaali and F. Jaber, “Novel approach to non-invasive blood glucose monitoring based on transmittance and refraction of visible laser light”, IEEE Access, 5, 9163-9174, 2017.
J. Tauc, R. Grigorovici and A. Vancu, “Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous germanium”, Physica Status Solidi (B), 15(2), 627-637, 1966.
B. A. Al-Asbahi, S. M. H. Qaid, M. Hezam, I. Bedja, H. M. Ghaithan and A. S. Aldwayyan, “Effect of deposition method on the structural and optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films”, Optical Materials, 103, 109836, 2020.
V. M. Caselli, Z. Wei, M. M. Ackermans, E. M. Hutter, B. Ehrler and T. J. Savenije, “Charge carrier dynamics upon sub-bandgap excitation in methylammonium lead iodide thin films: Effects of urbach tail, deep defects, and two-photon absorption”, ACS Energy Letters, 5(12), 3821-3827, 2020.
P. Singh, R. Mukherjee and S. Avasthi, “Acetamidinium-substituted methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with higher open-circuit voltage and improved intrinsic stability”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(12), 13982-13987, 2020.
K. Dhivyaprasath and M. Ashok, “Degradation behavior of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite film in ambient atmosphere and device”, Solar Energy, 255, 89-98, 2023.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 108 - 116, 25.11.2024

Havva Elif Lapa

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1421322

Öz

Kaynakça

B. Dahal and W. Li, “Configuration of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cell and its effect on the device’s performance: A review”, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9, 2200042, 2022.
S. Khatoon, S. K. Yadav, V. Chakravorty, J. Singh, R. B. Singh, M. S. Hasnain and S. M. M. Hasnain, “Perovskite solar cell’s efficiency, stability and scalability: A review”, Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 6, 437-459, 2023.
T. Baikie, Y. Fang, J. M. Kadro, M. Schreyer, F. Wei, S. G. Mhaisalkar, M. Graetzel and T. J. White, “Synthesis and crystal chemistry of the hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 for solid-state sensitised solar cell applications”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(18), 5628-5641, 2013.
B. Saparov and D. B. Mitzi, “Organic-inorganic perovskites: Structural versatility for functional materials design”, Chemical Reviews, 116, 4558–4596, 2016.
S. D. Stranks, G. E. Eperon, G. Grancini, C. Menelaou, M. Alcocer, T. Leijtens, L. M. Herz, A. Petrozza and H. J. Snaith, “Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber”, Science, 342(6156), 341–344, 2013.
H. E. Lapa, A. Çalık, M. Kaleli and D. A. Aldemir, “Investigation of stability for Cs2TiBr6 perovskite materials exposed to air environment”, Physica Scripta, 98(6), 065805, 2023.
NREL: Efficiency chart (2023). [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (ie.25.08.2023)
C. A. Rico-Yuson, S. Danwittayakul, S. Kumar, G. L. Hornyak and T. Bora, “Sequential dip-coating of CsPbBr3 perovskite films in ambient conditions and their photovoltaic performance”, Journal of Materials Science, 57, 10285–10298, 2022.
L. H. Chou, J. M. W. Chan and C. L. Liu, “Progress in spray coated perovskite films for solar cell applications”, Solar RRL, 6(4), 2101035, 2022.
H. E. Lapa, “The effect of illumination on p-n junction diodes based on Yb-doped CuO thin films produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method”, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 34(5), 425, 2023.
M. Shahiduzzaman, K. Yamamoto, Y. Furumoto, T. Kuwabara, K. Takahashi and T. Taima, “Ionic liquid-assisted growth of methylammonium lead iodide spherical nanoparticles by a simple spin-coating method and photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells”, Rsc Advances, 5(95), 77495-77500, 2015.
R. Lu, Y. Liu, J. Zhang, D. Zhao, X. Guo and C. Li, “Highly efficient (200) oriented MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 433, 133845, 2022.
M. Kaleli, E. Şen, H. E. Lapa and D. A. Aldemir, “The production route of the MASnBr3 based perovskite solar cells with fully ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method”, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 645, 414293, 2022.
N. Sahu, B. Parija and S. Panigrahi, “Fundamental understanding and modeling of spin coating process: A review”, Indian Journal of Physics, 83(4), 493-502, 2009.
L. E. Scriven, “Physics and applications of DIP coating and spin coating”, MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL), 121, 717729, 1988.
H. E. Lapa, “Alttaş sıcaklığına bağlı olarak ultrasonik sprey piroliz yöntemi ile üretilen CuO ince filmlerin incelenmesi”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 17(1), 195-208, 2022.
Y. Jing, Y. Lv, K. Wang, Z. Xu and X. Zhou, “Acquiring high-performance and commercially available carbon based air-stable perovskite solar cells by using ZnBr2 additive”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 930, 167445, 2023.
J. I. Kim, Q. Zeng, S. Park, H. Lee, J. Park, T. Kim and T. W. Lee, “Strategies to extend the lifetime of perovskite downconversion films for display applications”, Advanced Materials, 2209784, 2023.
R. Wang, J. Xue, L. Meng, J. W. Lee, Z. Zhao, P. Sun, L. Cai, T. Huang, Z. Wang, Z. K. Wang, Y. Duan, J. L. Yang, S. Tan, Y. Yuan, Y. Huang and Y. Yang, “Caffeine improves the performance and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells”, Joule, 3(6), 1464-1477, 2019.
C. Fei, B. Li, R. Zhang, H. Fu, J. Tian and G. Cao, “Highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells based on monolithically grained CH3NH3PbI3 film”, Advanced Energy Materials, 7(9), 1602017, 2017.
X. Y. Zhu, M. W. Chen, B. Wang, N. Liu, M. Q. Ran, H. Yang and Y. P. Yang, “Improved photovoltaic properties of nominal composition CH3NH3Pb099Zn001I3 carbon-based perovskite solar cells”, Optics Express, 26(26), A984-A995, 2018.
M. Konstantakou, D. Perganti, P. Falaras and T. Stergiopoulos, “Anti-solvent crystallization strategies for highly efficient perovskite solar cells”, Crystals, 7(10), 291, 2017.
M. Xiao, F. Huang, W. Huang, Y. Dkhissi, Y. Zhu, J. Etheridge, A. Gray-Weale, U. Bach, Y. B. Cheng and L. Spiccia, “A fast deposition-crystallization procedure for highly efficient lead iodide perovskite thin-film solar cells”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(37), 9898-9903, 2014.
H. Li, Y. Xia, C. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Chen, L. Guo, D. Luo and S. Wen, “High-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells prepared using chlorobenzene/acetonitrile antisolvent”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11(38), 34989-34996, 2019.
S. Bouazizi, A. Bouich, W. Tlili, M. Amlouk, A. Omri, B. M. Soucase, “Methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite-based solar cells efficiency: Insight from experimental and simulation”, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 122, 108458, 2023.
Z. S. Almutawah, S. C. Watthage, Z. Song, R. H. Ahangharnejhad, K. K. Subedi, N. Shrestha, A. B. Phillips, Y. Yan, R. J. Ellingson and M. J. Heben, “Enhanced grain size and crystallinity in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films by metal additives to the single-step solution fabrication process”, MRS Advances, 3, 3237-3242, 2018.
P. Basumatary and P. Agarwal, “Photocurrent transient measurements in MAPbI3 thin films”, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 10047-10054, 2020.
B.D. Cullity, Elements of X-ray diffraction, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Boston, 1956.
. Li, P. Lv, C. Li, F. Xu, J. Jia and B. Cao, “Heterostructural perovskite solar cell constructed with Li-doped p-MAPbI3/n-TiO2 PN junction”, Solar Energy, 226, 446-454, 2021.
S. Wang, K. Zhao, Y. Shao, L. Xu, Y. -P. Huang and W. Li, “Evolutions of optical constants, interband electron transitions, and bandgap of Sn-doped CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films”, Applied Physics Letters, 116, 261902, 2020.
F. Yang, M. A. Kamarudin, G. Kapil, D. Hirotani, P. Zhang, C. H. Ng, T. Ma and S. Hayase, “Magnesium-doped MAPbI3 perovskite layers for enhanced photovoltaic performance in humid air atmosphere”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10, 24543-24548, 2018.
B. Luo, F. Li, K. Xu, Y. Guo, Y. Liu, Z. Xia and J. Z. Zhang, “B-Site doped lead halide perovskites: synthesis, band engineering, photophysics, and light emission applications”, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 7(10), 2781-2808, 2019.
H. W. Qiao, S. Yang, Y. Wang, X. Chen, T. Y. Wen, L. J. Tang, Q. Cheng, Y. Hou, H. Zhao and H. G. Yang, “A gradient heterostructure based on tolerance factor in high-performance perovskite solar cells with 0.84 fill factor”, Advanced Materials, 31(5), 1804217, 2019.
H. Ali, F. Bensaali and F. Jaber, “Novel approach to non-invasive blood glucose monitoring based on transmittance and refraction of visible laser light”, IEEE Access, 5, 9163-9174, 2017.
J. Tauc, R. Grigorovici and A. Vancu, “Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous germanium”, Physica Status Solidi (B), 15(2), 627-637, 1966.
B. A. Al-Asbahi, S. M. H. Qaid, M. Hezam, I. Bedja, H. M. Ghaithan and A. S. Aldwayyan, “Effect of deposition method on the structural and optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films”, Optical Materials, 103, 109836, 2020.
V. M. Caselli, Z. Wei, M. M. Ackermans, E. M. Hutter, B. Ehrler and T. J. Savenije, “Charge carrier dynamics upon sub-bandgap excitation in methylammonium lead iodide thin films: Effects of urbach tail, deep defects, and two-photon absorption”, ACS Energy Letters, 5(12), 3821-3827, 2020.
P. Singh, R. Mukherjee and S. Avasthi, “Acetamidinium-substituted methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with higher open-circuit voltage and improved intrinsic stability”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(12), 13982-13987, 2020.
K. Dhivyaprasath and M. Ashok, “Degradation behavior of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite film in ambient atmosphere and device”, Solar Energy, 255, 89-98, 2023.

Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Yoğun Maddenin Yapısal Özellikleri, Yoğun Maddenin Yüzey Özellikleri
Bölüm	Articles
Yazarlar	Havva Elif Lapa 0000-0002-5706-4641
Yayımlanma Tarihi	25 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi	17 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi	14 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

IEEE	H. E. Lapa, “Investigation of the Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of ZnBr2-Added MAPbI3 Perovskite Thin Films”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, c. 19, sy. 2, ss. 108–116, 2024, doi: 10.29233/sdufeffd.1421322.

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