Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Covid-19 Mezunlarının İşgücüne Geçiş Deneyimleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 28.06.2025

Osman Daban , Selim Adem Hatırlı

Öz

Bu çalışma, Covid-19 pandemisinin yükseköğretimden iş gücüne geçiş üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen ampirik bir araştırmadır. Pandemi hem ekonomik hem de sosyal alanlarda derin etkiler oluşturmuş, özellikle mezunların iş piyasasına geçiş süreçlerini karmaşık hale getirmiştir. Araştırma, pandemi süresince uzaktan eğitim alan öğrencilerin ve mezunların istihdam edilebilirlikleri, dijital beceri gereksinimleri ve kariyer hedeflerindeki değişikliklere odaklanmıştır.
Araştırmada karma yöntem kullanılmış hem nitel hem de nicel veriler toplanmıştır. Nitel veriler, odak grup görüşmeleri yoluyla elde edilmiş ve bu bulgular doğrultusunda nicel anket formu tasarlanmıştır. Anket, özellikle İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri ve İletişim Fakültelerindeki öğrenciler ve mezunları kapsamış; çevrim içi platformlar aracılığıyla geniş bir örneklem grubuna (1744 öğrenci) nicel olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırma temelde iki önemli bulguya dikkat çekmektedir: İlk olarak, iş bulma süresi algısında anlamlı bir beklenti-gerçeklik ayrımı vardır: çevrim içi ders etkililiğini yüksek algılayan öğrenciler sürecin uzayacağını öngörürken, mezunlar fiilî deneyimlerinin beklenenden daha az olumsuz olduğunu bildirmiştir. İkinci olarak, kariyer planları üzerindeki etki açısından iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Fakat her iki grup da uzaktan eğitimin kariyer yönelimini sınırlı ölçüde olumsuz etkilediğini belirtmiştir. Bu bulgular pandemi koşullarında dijital beceriler, uygulamalı deneyim ve öz-motivasyonun, mezunların iş piyasasına geçişinde kritik rol oynadığını vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Uzaktan Eğitim Yükseköğrenim İstihdam Kariyer Planlama

Kaynakça

  • Alparslan, A. M., & Antalyalı, Ö. L. (2021). Güvenilirlik Analizi. A. M. Alparslan & Ö. L. Antalyalı (Ed.), Jamovi uygulamalı istatistik analizleri-Sosyal bilimlere yönelik araştırma hikayeleri ile anlatım içinde (1. Baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • AlSaif, H. I., AlDhayan, A. Z., Alosaimi, M. M., Alanazi, A., Alamri, M., Alshehri, B., & Alosaimi, S. M. (2020). Willingness and self-perceived competence of final-year medical students to work as part of the healthcare workforce during the covıd-19 pandemic. International Journal of General Medicine, 13, 653-661. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s272316
  • Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for lawshe’s content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
  • Baldwin, R., & Mauro, B. W. di. (2020). Introduction in Economics in the Time of COVID-19. In Economics in the time of Covıd-19. CEPR Press.
  • Bartlett, M. S. (1937). The statistical conception of mental factors. British Journal of Psychology, 28(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1937.tb00863.x
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.
  • Cengage Group. (2022, Aralık 7). Regret, Confusion and Lack of Confidence: 2022 Graduate Employability Report [Edtech]. https://www.cengagegroup.com/news/press-releases/2022/cg-2022-employability-survey/?utm_source=chatgpt.com adresinden 06.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Chen, L., & Zeng, S. (2021). The relationship between ıntolerance of uncertainty and employment anxiety of graduates during COVID-19: The moderating role of career planning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 694785. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694785
  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868
  • Creswell, J. W. (2011). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Crew, T., & Märtins, O. (2022). Students’ views and experiences of remote learning and employability in a post-pandemic context. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4309796
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
  • Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157-160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
  • Dunusinghe, P. (2022). Analyzing wage differentials by fields of study: Evidence from Sri Lanka. University of Colombo Review, 3(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.4038/ucr.v3i1.58
  • Dyrek, N., Wikarek, A., Niemiec, M., Owczarek, A. J., Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M., & Kocełak, P. (2022). The perception of e-learning during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic by students of medical universities in Poland - A survey-based study. BMC Medical Education, 22, 529. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03600-7
  • Eurofound (2024). Youth integration in the EU: Navigating digitalisation and labour shortages - Background paper/European foundation for the ımprovement of living and working conditions. Eurofound. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/2024/youth-integration-eu-navigating-digitalisation-and-labour-shortages-background adresinden 15.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • European Commission. (2023). Integration of young people into the labour market with particular focus on traineeships: Summary. European Union: Directorate-General for Employment. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2767/980521
  • Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5. Baskı). SAGE Publications.
  • Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, it’s dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.005
  • García, D. T., Akinkugbe, A. A., Mosavel, M., Smith, C. S., & Brickhouse, T. H. (2021). COVID-19 and dental and dental hygiene students’ career plans. JDR Clinical & Translational Research, 6(2), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084420984772
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference (16. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429056765
  • Gewalt, S. C., Berger, S., Krisam, R., Krisam, J., & Breuer, M. (2022). University students’ economic situation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Germany. Plos One, 17(10), e0275055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275055
  • Gopinath, G. (2020, Nisan 14). The great lockdown: Worst economic downturn since the great depression [Sivil Toplum Kuruluşu]. IMFBlog. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/04/14/blog-weo-the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression adresinden 15.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Green, F., & Henseke, G. (2021). Europe’s evolving graduate labour markets: Supply, demand, underemployment and pay. Journal for Labour Market Research, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-021-00288-y
  • Gürleyük, A. C. (2023). Effects of Covid-19 pandemic on the career planning of a group of dentistry students. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 26(4), 387-391. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1392542
  • Hamouche, S. (2021). Human resource management and the Covid-19 crisis: Implications, challenges, opportunities, and future organizational directions. Journal of Management & Organization, 29(5), 799-814. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.15.
  • IMF (2021). Fiscal monitor: A fair shot (Nos. 0258-7440). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/FM/Issues/2021/03/29/fiscal-monitor-april-2021 adresinden 10.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
  • Kelley, E. M., Ksoll, C., & Magruder, J. (2024). How do digital platforms affect employment and job search? Evidence from India. Journal of Development Economics, 166, 103176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103176
  • Kwan, J. (2025). Instructors’ perceptions on the use of formative assessment and feedback for learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Another look inside the black box. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2025.8.1.17
  • Ladwa, A., Williams, D. P., & Blackburn, R. A. R. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the career preparedness of chemistry graduates. New Directions in the Teaching of Natural Sciences, 17, Article 17. https://doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i17.4084
  • Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  • Maisonneuve, C. de la, Égert, B., & Turner, D. (2022). Quantifying the macroeconomic impact of COVID-19-related school closures through the human capital channel. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1787/eea048c5-en
  • McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment (1st edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Minaeva, E., & Taradina, L. (2022). Internationalization in Russian universities during the pandemic of COVID-19: Lessons for succeeding in the new reality. Higher Education Quarterly, 76(2), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12387
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed). McGraw-Hill.
  • OECD. (2021). The state of school education. https://doi.org/10.1787/201dde84-en
  • Oktar, Ö. F. (2021). Keşfedici Faktör Analizi. A. M. Alparslan & Ö. L. Antalyalı (Ed.), Jamovi uygulamalı istatistik analizleri-Sosyal bilimlere yönelik araştırma hikayeleri ile anlatım içinde (1. Baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • O’Toole, J., Snuggs, E., Benati, K., & Lindsay, S. (2023). How has the experience of COVID-19 impacted graduate readiness for a protean career? A qualitative investigation of final year business students’ industry placement experience during the pandemic. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(3), 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100888
  • Özdede, M., & Şahin, S. C. (2020). Views and anxiety levels of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Stomatology, 73(3), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.5114/jos.2020.96867
  • Ren, S., Islam, M. T., & Chadee, D. (2023). Careers in disarray? COVID-19 and self-perceived employability. Journal of Career Assessment, 32(2), 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727231187096
  • Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2009). Coefficients alpha, beta, omega, and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma. Psychometrika, 74(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9102-z
  • Salas-Velasco, M. (2007). The transition from higher education to employment in Europe: The analysis of the time to obtain the first job. Higher Education, 54(3), 333-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-006-9000-1
  • Santos, L. M. D. (2020). How Does COVID-19 pandemic influence the sense of belonging and decision-making process of nursing students: The study of nursing students’ experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155603
  • Soylu, Ö. B. (2020). Türkiye ekonomisinde COVID-19’un sektörel etkileri. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6), Article 6.
  • Svyrydenko, D., Amarathunga, B., Wijethunga, S., & Riznyk, V. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on labor market perspectives for management undergraduates: New models of employability capital development. Economics Ecology Socium, 7(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2023.7.1-4
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6. Baskı). Pearson.
  • Tavşanlı, N. G., & Nehir, S. (2023). Could intern health care students control their emotions and make a career plan during the COVID-19 pandemic?. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing, 60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231173268
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Sage Publications.
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2021). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Sage Publications.
  • Tomlinson, M., Reedy, F., & Burg, D. (2022). Graduating in uncertain times: The impact of COVID-19 on recent graduate career prospects, trajectories and outcomes. Higher Education Quarterly, 77(3), 486-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12415
  • Valente, R., Gelabert, A. S., & Duart, J. M. (2019). Human capital in online higher education settings: A socio-educative perspective applied to graduates of an online University. EDEN Conference Proceedings, 1, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0003
  • Wang, H., Kodzo, L. D., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Yang, X., & Wang, Y. (2022). The benefits of career adaptability on african international students’ perception of social support and quality of life in china during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 90, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.07.004
  • Wang, H., & Wang, C. (2024). Review of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the employment of college graduates in China and countermeasures to it. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1390055. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1390055
  • World Bank. (2020). The COVID-19 Crisis response: Supporting tertiary education for continuity, adaptation, and innovation (s. 9). World Bank Publications.
  • Yan-ming, L., Lu, K., & Wang, K. (2021). Inequality in the initial wage of college graduates at the college-level perspective. Sustainability, 13(24), 13788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413788
  • Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. SAGE Publications.
  • Yu, S., & Leahy, J. (2023, Temmuz 10). China’s Yyouth Left Behind as Jobs Crisis Mounts. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/72d697d7-113b-4219-af3c-f19fa4c72a0d adresinden 16.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Zammitti, A., Russo, A., Ginevra, M. C., & Magnano, P. (2023). Imagine your career after the COVID-19 pandemic: An online group career counseling training for university students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010048
  • Zhao, K., & Mok, K. H. (2024). The COVID-19 pandemic and post-graduation outcomes: Evidence from Chinese elite universities. International Journal of Educational Research, 124, 102312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102312
  • Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J. vd., (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017

An Empirical Study on Covid-19 Graduates' Experiences of Transition to the Labour Force

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 28.06.2025

Osman Daban , Selim Adem Hatırlı

Öz

This study is an empirical investigation of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the transition from higher education to the labor force. The pandemic has had profound impacts on both economic and social spheres, particularly complicating the transition of graduates to the labor market. The research focuses on changes in the employability, digital skills requirements and career aspirations of distance education students and graduates during the pandemic.
Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a mixed methodology. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group interviews and a quantitative questionnaire was designed in line with these findings. The questionnaire specifically covered students and graduates from the Faculties of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Engineering and Natural Sciences and Communication, and was quantitatively administered to a large sample group (1744 students) through online platforms. The research basically draws attention to two important findings: First, there is a significant expectation-actuality divide in the perception of time to find a job: students who perceived high online course effectiveness predicted that the process would take longer, while graduates reported that their actual experience was less negative than expected. Second, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the impact on career plans. However, both groups indicated that distance education had a limited negative impact on career orientation. These findings emphasize that digital skills, hands-on experience and self-motivation play a critical role in graduates’ transition to the job market in pandemic conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Distance Education Higher Education Employment Career Planning

Kaynakça

  • Alparslan, A. M., & Antalyalı, Ö. L. (2021). Güvenilirlik Analizi. A. M. Alparslan & Ö. L. Antalyalı (Ed.), Jamovi uygulamalı istatistik analizleri-Sosyal bilimlere yönelik araştırma hikayeleri ile anlatım içinde (1. Baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • AlSaif, H. I., AlDhayan, A. Z., Alosaimi, M. M., Alanazi, A., Alamri, M., Alshehri, B., & Alosaimi, S. M. (2020). Willingness and self-perceived competence of final-year medical students to work as part of the healthcare workforce during the covıd-19 pandemic. International Journal of General Medicine, 13, 653-661. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s272316
  • Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for lawshe’s content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
  • Baldwin, R., & Mauro, B. W. di. (2020). Introduction in Economics in the Time of COVID-19. In Economics in the time of Covıd-19. CEPR Press.
  • Bartlett, M. S. (1937). The statistical conception of mental factors. British Journal of Psychology, 28(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1937.tb00863.x
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.
  • Cengage Group. (2022, Aralık 7). Regret, Confusion and Lack of Confidence: 2022 Graduate Employability Report [Edtech]. https://www.cengagegroup.com/news/press-releases/2022/cg-2022-employability-survey/?utm_source=chatgpt.com adresinden 06.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Chen, L., & Zeng, S. (2021). The relationship between ıntolerance of uncertainty and employment anxiety of graduates during COVID-19: The moderating role of career planning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 694785. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694785
  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868
  • Creswell, J. W. (2011). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Crew, T., & Märtins, O. (2022). Students’ views and experiences of remote learning and employability in a post-pandemic context. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4309796
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
  • Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157-160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
  • Dunusinghe, P. (2022). Analyzing wage differentials by fields of study: Evidence from Sri Lanka. University of Colombo Review, 3(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.4038/ucr.v3i1.58
  • Dyrek, N., Wikarek, A., Niemiec, M., Owczarek, A. J., Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M., & Kocełak, P. (2022). The perception of e-learning during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic by students of medical universities in Poland - A survey-based study. BMC Medical Education, 22, 529. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03600-7
  • Eurofound (2024). Youth integration in the EU: Navigating digitalisation and labour shortages - Background paper/European foundation for the ımprovement of living and working conditions. Eurofound. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/2024/youth-integration-eu-navigating-digitalisation-and-labour-shortages-background adresinden 15.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • European Commission. (2023). Integration of young people into the labour market with particular focus on traineeships: Summary. European Union: Directorate-General for Employment. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2767/980521
  • Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5. Baskı). SAGE Publications.
  • Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, it’s dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.005
  • García, D. T., Akinkugbe, A. A., Mosavel, M., Smith, C. S., & Brickhouse, T. H. (2021). COVID-19 and dental and dental hygiene students’ career plans. JDR Clinical & Translational Research, 6(2), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084420984772
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference (16. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429056765
  • Gewalt, S. C., Berger, S., Krisam, R., Krisam, J., & Breuer, M. (2022). University students’ economic situation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Germany. Plos One, 17(10), e0275055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275055
  • Gopinath, G. (2020, Nisan 14). The great lockdown: Worst economic downturn since the great depression [Sivil Toplum Kuruluşu]. IMFBlog. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/04/14/blog-weo-the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression adresinden 15.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Green, F., & Henseke, G. (2021). Europe’s evolving graduate labour markets: Supply, demand, underemployment and pay. Journal for Labour Market Research, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-021-00288-y
  • Gürleyük, A. C. (2023). Effects of Covid-19 pandemic on the career planning of a group of dentistry students. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 26(4), 387-391. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1392542
  • Hamouche, S. (2021). Human resource management and the Covid-19 crisis: Implications, challenges, opportunities, and future organizational directions. Journal of Management & Organization, 29(5), 799-814. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.15.
  • IMF (2021). Fiscal monitor: A fair shot (Nos. 0258-7440). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/FM/Issues/2021/03/29/fiscal-monitor-april-2021 adresinden 10.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
  • Kelley, E. M., Ksoll, C., & Magruder, J. (2024). How do digital platforms affect employment and job search? Evidence from India. Journal of Development Economics, 166, 103176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103176
  • Kwan, J. (2025). Instructors’ perceptions on the use of formative assessment and feedback for learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Another look inside the black box. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2025.8.1.17
  • Ladwa, A., Williams, D. P., & Blackburn, R. A. R. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the career preparedness of chemistry graduates. New Directions in the Teaching of Natural Sciences, 17, Article 17. https://doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i17.4084
  • Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  • Maisonneuve, C. de la, Égert, B., & Turner, D. (2022). Quantifying the macroeconomic impact of COVID-19-related school closures through the human capital channel. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1787/eea048c5-en
  • McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment (1st edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Minaeva, E., & Taradina, L. (2022). Internationalization in Russian universities during the pandemic of COVID-19: Lessons for succeeding in the new reality. Higher Education Quarterly, 76(2), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12387
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed). McGraw-Hill.
  • OECD. (2021). The state of school education. https://doi.org/10.1787/201dde84-en
  • Oktar, Ö. F. (2021). Keşfedici Faktör Analizi. A. M. Alparslan & Ö. L. Antalyalı (Ed.), Jamovi uygulamalı istatistik analizleri-Sosyal bilimlere yönelik araştırma hikayeleri ile anlatım içinde (1. Baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • O’Toole, J., Snuggs, E., Benati, K., & Lindsay, S. (2023). How has the experience of COVID-19 impacted graduate readiness for a protean career? A qualitative investigation of final year business students’ industry placement experience during the pandemic. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(3), 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100888
  • Özdede, M., & Şahin, S. C. (2020). Views and anxiety levels of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Stomatology, 73(3), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.5114/jos.2020.96867
  • Ren, S., Islam, M. T., & Chadee, D. (2023). Careers in disarray? COVID-19 and self-perceived employability. Journal of Career Assessment, 32(2), 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727231187096
  • Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2009). Coefficients alpha, beta, omega, and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma. Psychometrika, 74(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9102-z
  • Salas-Velasco, M. (2007). The transition from higher education to employment in Europe: The analysis of the time to obtain the first job. Higher Education, 54(3), 333-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-006-9000-1
  • Santos, L. M. D. (2020). How Does COVID-19 pandemic influence the sense of belonging and decision-making process of nursing students: The study of nursing students’ experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155603
  • Soylu, Ö. B. (2020). Türkiye ekonomisinde COVID-19’un sektörel etkileri. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6), Article 6.
  • Svyrydenko, D., Amarathunga, B., Wijethunga, S., & Riznyk, V. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on labor market perspectives for management undergraduates: New models of employability capital development. Economics Ecology Socium, 7(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2023.7.1-4
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6. Baskı). Pearson.
  • Tavşanlı, N. G., & Nehir, S. (2023). Could intern health care students control their emotions and make a career plan during the COVID-19 pandemic?. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing, 60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231173268
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Sage Publications.
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2021). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Sage Publications.
  • Tomlinson, M., Reedy, F., & Burg, D. (2022). Graduating in uncertain times: The impact of COVID-19 on recent graduate career prospects, trajectories and outcomes. Higher Education Quarterly, 77(3), 486-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12415
  • Valente, R., Gelabert, A. S., & Duart, J. M. (2019). Human capital in online higher education settings: A socio-educative perspective applied to graduates of an online University. EDEN Conference Proceedings, 1, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2019-ac-0003
  • Wang, H., Kodzo, L. D., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Yang, X., & Wang, Y. (2022). The benefits of career adaptability on african international students’ perception of social support and quality of life in china during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 90, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.07.004
  • Wang, H., & Wang, C. (2024). Review of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the employment of college graduates in China and countermeasures to it. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1390055. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1390055
  • World Bank. (2020). The COVID-19 Crisis response: Supporting tertiary education for continuity, adaptation, and innovation (s. 9). World Bank Publications.
  • Yan-ming, L., Lu, K., & Wang, K. (2021). Inequality in the initial wage of college graduates at the college-level perspective. Sustainability, 13(24), 13788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413788
  • Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. SAGE Publications.
  • Yu, S., & Leahy, J. (2023, Temmuz 10). China’s Yyouth Left Behind as Jobs Crisis Mounts. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/72d697d7-113b-4219-af3c-f19fa4c72a0d adresinden 16.11.2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Zammitti, A., Russo, A., Ginevra, M. C., & Magnano, P. (2023). Imagine your career after the COVID-19 pandemic: An online group career counseling training for university students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010048
  • Zhao, K., & Mok, K. H. (2024). The COVID-19 pandemic and post-graduation outcomes: Evidence from Chinese elite universities. International Journal of Educational Research, 124, 102312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102312
  • Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J. vd., (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çalışma Ekonomisi, Mikro İktisat (Diğer), Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Osman Daban 0000-0002-0743-7729

Selim Adem Hatırlı 0000-0001-9632-3071

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 12 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Daban, O., & Hatırlı, S. A. (2025). Covid-19 Mezunlarının İşgücüne Geçiş Deneyimleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Dergisi, 4(1), 1-23.
 Kapak Resmi İndir