Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, en az iki yıl boyunca haftada üç gün egzersiz yapan sporcular ile egzersiz yapmayan sağlıklı bireylerin (sedanter) antropometrik özellikleri arasında farklılıkları göstermek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 18-31 arasında değişen 30 erkek katılmıştır (sporcu grup N=15; sedanter grup N=15). Katılımcıların boy, kilo vb. tanımlayıcı ölçüleri metre ve vücut analizörü (tanita) ile yapılmıştır. Tanita cihazı ile vücut kütle indeksi, kilo ile kas, yağ, su yüzde verileri elde edilmiştir. Çevre ve uzunluk ölçüleri mezura ile, deri altı yağ kalınlığı ise kaliper (Holtain) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. İki grup karşılaştırılmasında Mann-Whitney U testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Vücut kütle indeksi, yağ, kas, su yüzde değerleri, el uzunluğu değerleri, bel ve karın çevresi, bel- kalça oranı değerleri, arka üst kol ve karın deri altı yağ kalınlığı değerleri gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermektedir (p<0,05). Sporcularda sırt deri altı yağ kalınlığı ile göğüs deri altı yağ kalınlığı arasında pozitif ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilirken (r=,538; p<0,05), sedanterlerde ise sırt deri altı yağ kalınlığı ile göğüs deri altı yağ kalınlığı arasında pozitif ve yüksek düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r=,748; p<0,01).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, iki yıl veya daha uzun süre düzenli egzersiz yapmanın sedanter bireylere kıyasla vücut kompozisyonunda önemli farklılıklara yol açtığını, özellikle vücut yağını azalttığını, kas kütlesini artırdığını ve merkezi yağlanmayı azalttığını açıkça göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antropometrik Parametreler Vücut Kompozisyonu Yağ Yüzdesi Deri Altı Yağ Kalınlığı
Kaynakça
- Akkoc, O., & Yucesir, İ. (2016). Comparison of resting metabolic rate and some anthropometric measurements of body builder person who go to the gym (fitness group) and sedentary. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Sciences, 5 (1).
- Aladro-Gonzalvo, A.R., Machado-Diaz, M., Moncada-Jime´nez, J., Hernandez-Elizondo, J., & Araya-Vargas, G. (2012). The effect of pilates exercises on body composition: A systematic review. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 16, 109-114.
- American Council on Exercise [ACE]. (2010). ACE personal trainer manual the ultimate for fitness professionals. 4th ed. USA.
- Arı, Y., Sevinç, K., Arslan, K., Kantemür, F., & Gürbüz, M. A. (2024). Futbolcuların Vücut Yağ Yüzdesi ile Antropometrik ve Motorik Performans Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişki. Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 6(2), 130-135.https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1462782
- Baştuğ, G., Ceylan, H.I., & Kalfa, S. (2014). Examining the effects of pilates exercise programs on flexibility performance and body composition in women. Journal of Human Sciences, 11 (2), 1274–1284.
- Baylan, N. (2008). The effect of pilates exercise on body composition and resting metabolic rate in different ages. Master’s Thesis. Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Çakıroğlu, M., Ulucam, E., Cigali, B.S., Yilmaz, A. (2002). Body Proportions Measured in Handball Players. Trakya University Medical Faculty Journal, 19 (1), 35-38.
- Cakmakci, O. (2012). The effect of the 10-week pilates mat exercise program on weight loss and body composition for overweight Turkish women. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19 (3): 431-438.
- Cavdar, K. (2006). A study on jumping performances of the students performing plyometric exercises. Master’s Thesis. Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Çetinkaya, E. (2009). The Comparison of elit rower’s with sedanters’ anthropometric measurements. Master’s Thesis. Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences, Konya.
- Çiçek, G. (2010). Comparison of effects of sedentary women’s jog- walk and aerobic- step exercises for nine weeks on physical and physiological parameters. Master’s Thesis. Inonu University Institute of Health Sciences, Malatya.
- Duyul, M. (2005). Comparation of effects to succes of motor values and antropometric characteristics of handball, volleyball and football player university teams. Master's Thesis. Ondokuz Mayıs University Institute of Health Sciences, Samsun.
- Albay, M. D., Tutkun, E., Agaoglu, Y. S., Canikli, A., & Albay, F. (2008). The investigation of some motor values and anthropometric characteristics of handball, volleyball and football university teams. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 4(1), 13-20.
- Güler, K. (2024). Comparison of somatotype structure and some physical and physiological parameters in adolescent athletes and sedentary individuals. Master’s Thesis. Ordu University Institute of Health Sciences, Ordu.
- ISAK (2001). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment; International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry: Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2001; ISBN 9780868037127.
- Kadi, M.N. (2021). Investigation of the effect of 8-weeks of pilates and mat exercises on anthropometric properties in sedentary housewives. Master’s Thesis. Karabuk University Institute of Graduate Education, Karabuk.
- Karakaş, S., Taşer, F., Yıldız, Y., & Köse, H. (2005). Comparison of body compositions between medical school students and physical education and sports school students by using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 5-9.
- Katayıfçı, N., Düger, T., & Ünal, E. (2014). Sağlıklı bireylerde klinik Pilates egzersizlerinin fiziksel uygunluk üzerine etkisi. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 1(1), 17-25.
- Kılınç, F. (2008). Çocuklarda ekstiremite uzunluk ve çevre ölçümlerinin kürek çekme performansı üzerine etkileri. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, 15(3), 30-33.
- Kızılörs, G., Arslanoğlu, C., & Arslanoğlu, E. (2023). Adolesan Yüzücülerde Vücut Bileşimi ve Yüzme Performansı İlişkisi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 308-314. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1279459
- Kutlay, E., Haslofça, E., & Haslofça, F. (2012). Effects of relative age on anthropometric characteristics and motor performance in Turkish boys aged 8 to 12.Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 47;2, 67-78.
- Ashtary- Larky, D., NazaryVanani, A., Hosseini, S. A., Rafie, R., Abbasnezhad, A., & Alipour, M. (2018). Relationship between the body fat percentage and anthropometric measurements in athletes compared with non-athletes. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 20 (2), 10422.
- Yavuz, C. M., & Başyiğit, N. (2023). Genç erişkinlerde vücut kompozisyonu, fiziksel aktivite ve el kavrama kuvveti ilişkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 47-56.
- Nordhamn, K., Södergren, E., Olsson, E., Karlström, B., Vessby, B., & Berglund, L. (2000). Reliability of anthropometric measurements in overweight and lean subjects: Consequences for correlations between anthropometric and other variables. International Journal of Obesity, 24(5), 652-657.
- Özer, K. (2009). Kinantropometri sporda morfolojik planlama. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2. Basım, Ankara.
- Öztürk, N. (2008). Affects of aerobic-step and plates exercises on strength, flexibility, anaerobic power, balance and body composition. Master’s Thesis. Gazi University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara.
- Padilla, C. J., Ferreyro, F. A., & Arnold, W. D. (2021). Anthropometry as a readily accessible health assessment of older adults. Experimental Gerontology, 153, 111464.
- Paoli, A., Casolo, A., Saoncella, M. Bertaggia, C., Fantin, M., Bianco, A., Marcolin, G., Moro, T. (2021). Effect of an endurance and strength mixed circuit training on regional fat thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health.18(7), 3845. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073845
- Pazarözyurt, İ., & İnce, G. (2009). Elit bayan basketbolcularda antropometrik özellikler, dikey sıçrama ve omurga esnekliğinin mevkilere göre incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 9-18.
- Sevimli, D. (2008). Investigation of the relationship between body mass index and physical activity in adults. TAF Preventive Medicine, 7 (6), 523-528.
- Sönmez, E. (2006). Determining the antropometric measurement of adolescent children playing volleyball and comparing to sedanter children. Master’s Thesis. Fırat University Institute of Health Sciences, Elazig.
- Şavkın, R. (2014). The effect of Pilates training on body composition. Master’s Thesis. Pamukkale University Institute of Health Sciences, Denizli.
- Türkan, A. (2020). Comparison of the body analysis measurement with the skinfol caliper method measurement of children who have 10-14 years tennis sports and children who do not sports 10-14 years. Master’s Thesis. Istanbul Gelisim University Institute of Graduate Education, Istanbul.
- Ünver, G. (2021). Investigation of the effects of mat pilates and apparatus pilates on some physical fitness parameters, posture, joint mobility and functional movement analysis in women. Doctoral Thesis. Ankara University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara.
- Vergili O. (2012) The effects of calisthenic – pilates exercises on health-related physical fitness and quality of life in healthy sedentary women. Doctoral Thesis. Istanbul University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Yolcu A. (2012). Comparison of some physical and physiological characteristics of male basketball players, football players, wrestlers and sedentary individuals between the ages of 14-17. Master's Thesis. Nigde University Institute of Social Sciences, Nigde.
- Yosmaoglu, H.B., Baltaci, G., & Derman, O. (2010). Effectiveness of body fat measurement methods in obese adolescents. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, 21 (3), 125-131.
- Zorba, E., Babayigit, G., Saygin, Ö., Irez, G., & Karacabey, K. (2004). Investigate the effect of some physical fitness parameters of older people ages between 65–85 who are participating 10 weeks exercise program. Fırat University Health Sciences Medical Journal, 18 (4), 229-234.
- Zorba, E. (2006). Vücut yapısı- ölçüm yöntemleri ve şişmanlıkla başa çıkma. Morpa Kültür Yayınları: İstanbul.
Öz
Aim: This study was conducted to demonstrate the anthropometric differences between athletes who have been training at least three times per week for a minimum of two years and healthy individuals (sedentary) who do not exercise.
Method: Thirty males aged between 18-31 years (athlete group N=15; sedentary group N=15) participated in the study. Body mass index, weight, muscle percentage, fat percentage, water percentage data were obtained with the Tanita body composition analyzer. Circumference and length were measured with a tape measure and subcutaneous fat thickness was measured with a caliper (Holtain). Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed to compare the two groups.
Results: Body mass index, fat/muscle/water percentages, hand length, waist and abdominal circumference, waist-hip ratio, posterior upper arm and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness demonstrated statistically significant differences between the groups (p<0.05). While a positive and moderate correlation was found between back subcutaneous fat thickness and chest subcutaneous fat thickness in athletes (r=,538; p<0,05), a positive and high correlation was found between back subcutaneous fat thickness and chest subcutaneous fat thickness in sedentary people (r=,748; p<0,01).
Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates that regular exercise for two years or more leads to significant differences in body composition compared to sedentary individuals, specifically decreasing body fat, increasing muscle mass and reducing central adiposity.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anthropometric Parameters Body Composition Fat Percentage Subcutaneous Fat Thickness
Kaynakça
- Akkoc, O., & Yucesir, İ. (2016). Comparison of resting metabolic rate and some anthropometric measurements of body builder person who go to the gym (fitness group) and sedentary. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Sciences, 5 (1).
- Aladro-Gonzalvo, A.R., Machado-Diaz, M., Moncada-Jime´nez, J., Hernandez-Elizondo, J., & Araya-Vargas, G. (2012). The effect of pilates exercises on body composition: A systematic review. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 16, 109-114.
- American Council on Exercise [ACE]. (2010). ACE personal trainer manual the ultimate for fitness professionals. 4th ed. USA.
- Arı, Y., Sevinç, K., Arslan, K., Kantemür, F., & Gürbüz, M. A. (2024). Futbolcuların Vücut Yağ Yüzdesi ile Antropometrik ve Motorik Performans Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişki. Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 6(2), 130-135.https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1462782
- Baştuğ, G., Ceylan, H.I., & Kalfa, S. (2014). Examining the effects of pilates exercise programs on flexibility performance and body composition in women. Journal of Human Sciences, 11 (2), 1274–1284.
- Baylan, N. (2008). The effect of pilates exercise on body composition and resting metabolic rate in different ages. Master’s Thesis. Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Çakıroğlu, M., Ulucam, E., Cigali, B.S., Yilmaz, A. (2002). Body Proportions Measured in Handball Players. Trakya University Medical Faculty Journal, 19 (1), 35-38.
- Cakmakci, O. (2012). The effect of the 10-week pilates mat exercise program on weight loss and body composition for overweight Turkish women. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19 (3): 431-438.
- Cavdar, K. (2006). A study on jumping performances of the students performing plyometric exercises. Master’s Thesis. Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Çetinkaya, E. (2009). The Comparison of elit rower’s with sedanters’ anthropometric measurements. Master’s Thesis. Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences, Konya.
- Çiçek, G. (2010). Comparison of effects of sedentary women’s jog- walk and aerobic- step exercises for nine weeks on physical and physiological parameters. Master’s Thesis. Inonu University Institute of Health Sciences, Malatya.
- Duyul, M. (2005). Comparation of effects to succes of motor values and antropometric characteristics of handball, volleyball and football player university teams. Master's Thesis. Ondokuz Mayıs University Institute of Health Sciences, Samsun.
- Albay, M. D., Tutkun, E., Agaoglu, Y. S., Canikli, A., & Albay, F. (2008). The investigation of some motor values and anthropometric characteristics of handball, volleyball and football university teams. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 4(1), 13-20.
- Güler, K. (2024). Comparison of somatotype structure and some physical and physiological parameters in adolescent athletes and sedentary individuals. Master’s Thesis. Ordu University Institute of Health Sciences, Ordu.
- ISAK (2001). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment; International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry: Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2001; ISBN 9780868037127.
- Kadi, M.N. (2021). Investigation of the effect of 8-weeks of pilates and mat exercises on anthropometric properties in sedentary housewives. Master’s Thesis. Karabuk University Institute of Graduate Education, Karabuk.
- Karakaş, S., Taşer, F., Yıldız, Y., & Köse, H. (2005). Comparison of body compositions between medical school students and physical education and sports school students by using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 5-9.
- Katayıfçı, N., Düger, T., & Ünal, E. (2014). Sağlıklı bireylerde klinik Pilates egzersizlerinin fiziksel uygunluk üzerine etkisi. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 1(1), 17-25.
- Kılınç, F. (2008). Çocuklarda ekstiremite uzunluk ve çevre ölçümlerinin kürek çekme performansı üzerine etkileri. Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University, 15(3), 30-33.
- Kızılörs, G., Arslanoğlu, C., & Arslanoğlu, E. (2023). Adolesan Yüzücülerde Vücut Bileşimi ve Yüzme Performansı İlişkisi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 308-314. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1279459
- Kutlay, E., Haslofça, E., & Haslofça, F. (2012). Effects of relative age on anthropometric characteristics and motor performance in Turkish boys aged 8 to 12.Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 47;2, 67-78.
- Ashtary- Larky, D., NazaryVanani, A., Hosseini, S. A., Rafie, R., Abbasnezhad, A., & Alipour, M. (2018). Relationship between the body fat percentage and anthropometric measurements in athletes compared with non-athletes. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 20 (2), 10422.
- Yavuz, C. M., & Başyiğit, N. (2023). Genç erişkinlerde vücut kompozisyonu, fiziksel aktivite ve el kavrama kuvveti ilişkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 47-56.
- Nordhamn, K., Södergren, E., Olsson, E., Karlström, B., Vessby, B., & Berglund, L. (2000). Reliability of anthropometric measurements in overweight and lean subjects: Consequences for correlations between anthropometric and other variables. International Journal of Obesity, 24(5), 652-657.
- Özer, K. (2009). Kinantropometri sporda morfolojik planlama. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2. Basım, Ankara.
- Öztürk, N. (2008). Affects of aerobic-step and plates exercises on strength, flexibility, anaerobic power, balance and body composition. Master’s Thesis. Gazi University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara.
- Padilla, C. J., Ferreyro, F. A., & Arnold, W. D. (2021). Anthropometry as a readily accessible health assessment of older adults. Experimental Gerontology, 153, 111464.
- Paoli, A., Casolo, A., Saoncella, M. Bertaggia, C., Fantin, M., Bianco, A., Marcolin, G., Moro, T. (2021). Effect of an endurance and strength mixed circuit training on regional fat thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health.18(7), 3845. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073845
- Pazarözyurt, İ., & İnce, G. (2009). Elit bayan basketbolcularda antropometrik özellikler, dikey sıçrama ve omurga esnekliğinin mevkilere göre incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 9-18.
- Sevimli, D. (2008). Investigation of the relationship between body mass index and physical activity in adults. TAF Preventive Medicine, 7 (6), 523-528.
- Sönmez, E. (2006). Determining the antropometric measurement of adolescent children playing volleyball and comparing to sedanter children. Master’s Thesis. Fırat University Institute of Health Sciences, Elazig.
- Şavkın, R. (2014). The effect of Pilates training on body composition. Master’s Thesis. Pamukkale University Institute of Health Sciences, Denizli.
- Türkan, A. (2020). Comparison of the body analysis measurement with the skinfol caliper method measurement of children who have 10-14 years tennis sports and children who do not sports 10-14 years. Master’s Thesis. Istanbul Gelisim University Institute of Graduate Education, Istanbul.
- Ünver, G. (2021). Investigation of the effects of mat pilates and apparatus pilates on some physical fitness parameters, posture, joint mobility and functional movement analysis in women. Doctoral Thesis. Ankara University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara.
- Vergili O. (2012) The effects of calisthenic – pilates exercises on health-related physical fitness and quality of life in healthy sedentary women. Doctoral Thesis. Istanbul University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul.
- Yolcu A. (2012). Comparison of some physical and physiological characteristics of male basketball players, football players, wrestlers and sedentary individuals between the ages of 14-17. Master's Thesis. Nigde University Institute of Social Sciences, Nigde.
- Yosmaoglu, H.B., Baltaci, G., & Derman, O. (2010). Effectiveness of body fat measurement methods in obese adolescents. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, 21 (3), 125-131.
- Zorba, E., Babayigit, G., Saygin, Ö., Irez, G., & Karacabey, K. (2004). Investigate the effect of some physical fitness parameters of older people ages between 65–85 who are participating 10 weeks exercise program. Fırat University Health Sciences Medical Journal, 18 (4), 229-234.
- Zorba, E. (2006). Vücut yapısı- ölçüm yöntemleri ve şişmanlıkla başa çıkma. Morpa Kültür Yayınları: İstanbul.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sağlık |
| Bölüm | Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 15 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Ocak 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 15 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 |
Journal of Sports Education © 2017 by Ibrahim Erdemir is licensed under CC BY 4.0