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Examination of Hamstring Eccentric Muscle Strength and Limb Asymmetry with Nordbord Device

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 107 - 115, 30.04.2025

Özgür Aktürk , Elif Sibel Atış

https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1617897

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the hamstring eccentric muscle strength and limb asymmetry in young football players.
Materials and Methods: 30 licensed healthy players who competed in the U17 and U19 Elite academy league of Istanbul Başakşehir Football Club participated in the study. Eccentric hamstring strength and limb asymmetry values were assessed while performing nordic hamstring exercise using NordBord device (Vald Performance, Newstead, Australia).
Results: Right hamstring eccentric force (r = -0.007, p = 0.971) and mean force (r = -0.195, p = 0.303) have low and non-significant correlations with asymmetry. Left hamstring strength (r = -0.381, p = 0.038) has significant but negative correlations with asymmetry. There is no correlation between torque and asymmetry (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: One of the factors that reduces injury in eccentric knee flexor muscle groups is the absence of strength imbalance between the legs. Although there is no consensus on an ideal minimum value for asymmetry, some experts suggest that it should be below 15%. In our study, the asymmetry values of U17 and U19 football players (30 males) were found well below the value (8,55 ± 5,13) recommended by the experts. The low correlation results between right muscle strength and asymmetry in our study indicate that right hamstring muscle strength does not notably effect the asymmetry of the players. In contrast, it was found to have an effect on asymmetry for the left hamstring muscle group strength.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Football Nordic Curl Hamstring Asymmetry

Kaynakça

  • Ardern CL, Pizzari T, Wollin MR, Webster KE. Hamstrings strength imbalance in professional football (soccer) players in Australia. (2015). Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Apr;29 (4):997-1002. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000747. PMID: 25426513.
  • Attar, W.S.A.A, Soomro, N., Sinclair, P.J., Pappas, E., Sanders, R.H. (2017). Effect of Injury Prevention Programs that Include the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injury Rates in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. National Library of Medicine; 47(5):907-916.
  • Bishop ,C., Manuel, J., Drury, B., Beato, M., Turner, A. (2022). Assessing Eccentric Hamstring Strength Using the NordBord: Between-Session Reliability and Interlimb Asymmetries in Professional Soccer Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research. Jun 27, 2022. Epub Jun 27, 2022. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.00000000000004303
  • Bishop, C., Read, P., McCubbine, J., and Turner, A. (2021). Vertical and horizontal asymmetries are related to slower sprinting and jump performance in elite youth female soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 35 (1), 56–63. doi:10.1519/JSC. 0000000000002544
  • Bourne MN, Opar DA, Williams MD, Shield AJ. Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength and Risk of Hamstring Injuries in Rugby Union: A Prospective Study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. (2015). 43(11):2663-2670. doi:10.1177/0363546515599633
  • Claudino, J. G., Filho, C. A. C., Netto Bittencourt, N.F., Gonçalves, L.G., Couto, C.R., Quintão, R.C., Reis, G.F., Oliveira Júnior,O., Amadio, C.A., Boullosa, D., Júlio Cerca Serrão,J.C. (2021). Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications. Sports Medicine- Open. 7(1):10 . Doi. 10.1186/s40798-021-00298-7
  • Croisier, J. L., Ganteaume, S., Binet, J., Genty, M., & Ferret, J. M. (2008). Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. The American journal of sports medicine, 36(8), 1469–1475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316764
  • Da Silva, G. H., & Maior, A. S. (2022). An assessment of isometric muscle strength and the hamstring: quadriceps ratio among males trained with free weights vs. Machines. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 14(2), 6, https://doi.org/10.29359/BJHPA.
  • Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Avloniti A. (2017). A comparison ofexercise-induced muscle damage following maximal eccentriccontractions in men and boys. Pediatric exercise science.;29:316-326.
  • Diker, G., Struzik, A., Ön, S., & Zileli, R. (2022). The relationship between the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio and jumping and sprinting abilities of young male soccer players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7471.
  • Dvir, Z.; Müller, S. (2019). Multiple-Joint Isokinetic Dynamometry: A Critical Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 00, 1–15.
  • Ercan, A. (2018). Hamstring Kası Yaralanması Geçirmiş Olan Profesyonel Futbolcularda FMS ve Nordbord Skorlarının Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M. (2011). Epidemiology of Muscle Injuries in Professional Football (Soccer) The American Journal of Sports Medicine.;39(6):1226-1232.
  • Ferguson, J., Gibson, N. V., Weston, M., & McCunn, R. (2024). Reliability of Measures of Lower-Body Strength and Speed in Academy Male Adolescent Soccer Players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 38(3), e96-e103.
  • Fritsch, C. G., Dornelles, M. P., Oliveira, G. D. S., & Baroni, B. M. (2023). Poor hamstrings-to-quadriceps torque ratios in male soccer players: weak hamstrings, strong quadriceps, or both?. Sports Biomechanics, 22(7), 811-821.
  • Gürühan, S. (2018). Sağlıklı Bireylerde Farklı Eksentrik Hamstring Egzersizleri Sırasındaki Kassal Aktivasyonların İncelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara. Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Horst, N.V., Smits D.W., Petersen, J., Goedhart, E.A., Backx, F.JG, (2015). The preventive effect of the nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(6):1316-23.
  • Ishøi, L., Krommes, K., Nielsen, M. F., Thornton, K. B., Hölmich, P., Aagaard, P., Penalver Juan J.J, Thorborg, K. (2021). Hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength in youth to senior elite soccer: a cross-sectional study including 125 players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 16(10), 1538-1544.
  • Kellis, E., Sahinis, C., & Baltzopoulos, V. (2023). Is hamstrings-to-quadriceps torque ratio useful for predicting anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring injuries? A systematic and critical review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(3), 343-358.
  • Kellis, E., Sahinis, C., Dafkou, K., Ellinoudis, A., & Galanis, N. (2021). Hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio and cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles assessed using extended field-of-view ultrasonography. Research in Sports Medicine, 29(1), 25-42.
  • Markovic, G.; Sarabon, N.; Boban, F.; Zoric, I.; Jelcic, M.; Sos, K.; Scappaticci, M. Nordic Hamstring Strength of Highly Trained Youth Football Players and Its Relation to Sprint Performance. Journal Strength Conditioning and Research, 2020, 34, 800–807.
  • Mccall, A., Carling, C., Davison, M., Nedelec, M.L.E., Gall, F, Berthoın, S., & Dupont, G. (2015). Injury Risk Factors Screening Tests and Preventative Strategies: A Systematic Review of The Evidence That Underpins the Perceptions and Practices of 44 Football (Soccer) Teams from Various Premier Leagues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), 583-589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094104
  • Meurer, M. C., Silva, M. F., & Baroni, B. M. (2017). Strategies for injury prevention in Brazilian football: Perceptions of physiotherapists and practices of premier league teams. Physical Therapy in Sport, 28,1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.07.004
  • Opar, DA, Piatkowski, T, Williams, MD, and Shield, AJ. (2013). A novel device using the Nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: A reliability and retrospective injury study. The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 43: 636–640.
  • Rhodes, D., McNaughton, L., Greig, M. (2018). The temporal pattern of recovery in eccentric hamstring strength post-soccer specific fatigue. Research in Sports Medicine, 27 (3), 339–350.
  • Parkinson, A.O., Apps, C.L., Morris J.G., Cleveland T. B., Lewis M.G.C. (2021) The Calculation, Thresholds and Reporting of Inter-Limb Strength Asymmetry: A Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (20), 594 - 617. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.594
  • Penailillo, L., Espildora, F., Jannas-Vela, Sebastian, Mujika, I., Zbinden-Foncea, H. (2016). Muscle Strength and Speed Performance in Youth Soccer Players. Journal of human kinetics PMCID: PMC5260655 PMID: 28149358
  • Sýkora, J. (2025). The incidence of eccentric and isometric hamstring strength asymmetries among U19 youth elite soccer players in Slovakia. Slovak Journal of Sport Science - Vol. 9, Iss: suppl.,124-131
  • Schache, A.G.; Dorn, T.W.; Blanch, P.D.; Brown, N.A.; Pandy, M.G.(2012) Mechanics of the human hamstring muscles during sprinting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44, 647–658
  • Timmins, R.G.; Bourne, M.N.; Shield, A.J.; Williams, M.D.; Lorenzen, C.; Opar, D.A.(2016) Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): A prospective cohort study. British journal of sports medicine., 50, 1524–1535
  • Woods, C., Hawkins, R. D., Maltby, S., Hulse, M., Thomas, A., & Hodson, A., & Football Association Medical Research, P. (2004). The Football Association Medical Research Programme: An audit of injuries in professional football–analysis of hamstring injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38,36–41. doi:10.1136/BJSM.2002.002352
  • Wong, P.-L., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., Mao De, W., Wisloff, U., & Hong, Y. (2007). Difference in plantar pressure between the preferred and non-preferred feet in four soccer-related movements. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 84–92. doi:10.1136/ bjsm.2006.030908

Nordbord Cihazı ile Hamstring Eksantrik Kas Kuvveti ve Ekstremite Asimetrisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 107 - 115, 30.04.2025

Özgür Aktürk , Elif Sibel Atış

https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1617897

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmada genç futbol oyuncularında hamstring eksantrik kas kuvveti ve ekstremite asimetrisi arasındaki ilişkinin gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: İstanbul Başakşehir Futbol Kulübü'nün U17 ve U19 Elit akademi liginde mücadele eden, gerekli sağlık kontrollerinden geçmiş sağlıklı 30 lisanslı oyuncu çalışmaya katılmıştır. NordBord cihazı (Vald Performans, Newstead, Australia) kullanılarak nordik hamstring egzersizi ile eksantrik hamstring kas kuvvetine ve ekstremite asimetri değerlerine bakılmıştır.
Bulgular: Sağ hamstring eksantrik kuvveti (r = -0.007, p = 0.971) ile asimetri ve ortalama kuvvet (r = -0.195, p = 0.303) ile asimetri düşük ve anlamlı olmayan korelasyonlara sahiptir. Sol hamstring kuvveti (r = -0.381, p = 0.038) ile asimetri arasında ise anlamlı fakat negatif yönlü korelasyon vardır. Torque değerleri ile asimetri arasında bir korelasyon bulunmamıştır (p > 0.05).
Sonuç: Diz fleksör kas gruplarında yaralanmayı azaltan faktörlerden biri bacaklar arasında kuvvet dengesizliğinin olmamasıdır. Asimetri için ideal bir minimum değer üzerinde fikir birliği olmamasına rağmen, bazı uzmanlar %15'in altında olması gerektiğini önermektedir. Bizim çalışmamızda futbolcuların (30 erkek) ortalama asimetri değerleri, bazı uzmanlar tarafından önerilen değerin oldukça altında (8,55 ± 5,13) bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda sağ hamstring kas kuvveti ile asitmetri arasındaki düşük korelasyon sonuçları, hamstring sağ kas kuvvetinin asimetri üzerinde belirgin bir etkisi olmadığını göstermektedir. Buna karşılık sol hamstring kas grubu kuvvetinin asimetriye negatif etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Futbol Nordic Curl Hamstring Asimetri Eksantrik Kuvvet.

Kaynakça

  • Ardern CL, Pizzari T, Wollin MR, Webster KE. Hamstrings strength imbalance in professional football (soccer) players in Australia. (2015). Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Apr;29 (4):997-1002. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000747. PMID: 25426513.
  • Attar, W.S.A.A, Soomro, N., Sinclair, P.J., Pappas, E., Sanders, R.H. (2017). Effect of Injury Prevention Programs that Include the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injury Rates in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. National Library of Medicine; 47(5):907-916.
  • Bishop ,C., Manuel, J., Drury, B., Beato, M., Turner, A. (2022). Assessing Eccentric Hamstring Strength Using the NordBord: Between-Session Reliability and Interlimb Asymmetries in Professional Soccer Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research. Jun 27, 2022. Epub Jun 27, 2022. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.00000000000004303
  • Bishop, C., Read, P., McCubbine, J., and Turner, A. (2021). Vertical and horizontal asymmetries are related to slower sprinting and jump performance in elite youth female soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 35 (1), 56–63. doi:10.1519/JSC. 0000000000002544
  • Bourne MN, Opar DA, Williams MD, Shield AJ. Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength and Risk of Hamstring Injuries in Rugby Union: A Prospective Study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. (2015). 43(11):2663-2670. doi:10.1177/0363546515599633
  • Claudino, J. G., Filho, C. A. C., Netto Bittencourt, N.F., Gonçalves, L.G., Couto, C.R., Quintão, R.C., Reis, G.F., Oliveira Júnior,O., Amadio, C.A., Boullosa, D., Júlio Cerca Serrão,J.C. (2021). Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications. Sports Medicine- Open. 7(1):10 . Doi. 10.1186/s40798-021-00298-7
  • Croisier, J. L., Ganteaume, S., Binet, J., Genty, M., & Ferret, J. M. (2008). Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. The American journal of sports medicine, 36(8), 1469–1475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316764
  • Da Silva, G. H., & Maior, A. S. (2022). An assessment of isometric muscle strength and the hamstring: quadriceps ratio among males trained with free weights vs. Machines. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 14(2), 6, https://doi.org/10.29359/BJHPA.
  • Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Avloniti A. (2017). A comparison ofexercise-induced muscle damage following maximal eccentriccontractions in men and boys. Pediatric exercise science.;29:316-326.
  • Diker, G., Struzik, A., Ön, S., & Zileli, R. (2022). The relationship between the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio and jumping and sprinting abilities of young male soccer players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7471.
  • Dvir, Z.; Müller, S. (2019). Multiple-Joint Isokinetic Dynamometry: A Critical Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 00, 1–15.
  • Ercan, A. (2018). Hamstring Kası Yaralanması Geçirmiş Olan Profesyonel Futbolcularda FMS ve Nordbord Skorlarının Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M. (2011). Epidemiology of Muscle Injuries in Professional Football (Soccer) The American Journal of Sports Medicine.;39(6):1226-1232.
  • Ferguson, J., Gibson, N. V., Weston, M., & McCunn, R. (2024). Reliability of Measures of Lower-Body Strength and Speed in Academy Male Adolescent Soccer Players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 38(3), e96-e103.
  • Fritsch, C. G., Dornelles, M. P., Oliveira, G. D. S., & Baroni, B. M. (2023). Poor hamstrings-to-quadriceps torque ratios in male soccer players: weak hamstrings, strong quadriceps, or both?. Sports Biomechanics, 22(7), 811-821.
  • Gürühan, S. (2018). Sağlıklı Bireylerde Farklı Eksentrik Hamstring Egzersizleri Sırasındaki Kassal Aktivasyonların İncelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara. Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Horst, N.V., Smits D.W., Petersen, J., Goedhart, E.A., Backx, F.JG, (2015). The preventive effect of the nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(6):1316-23.
  • Ishøi, L., Krommes, K., Nielsen, M. F., Thornton, K. B., Hölmich, P., Aagaard, P., Penalver Juan J.J, Thorborg, K. (2021). Hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength in youth to senior elite soccer: a cross-sectional study including 125 players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 16(10), 1538-1544.
  • Kellis, E., Sahinis, C., & Baltzopoulos, V. (2023). Is hamstrings-to-quadriceps torque ratio useful for predicting anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring injuries? A systematic and critical review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(3), 343-358.
  • Kellis, E., Sahinis, C., Dafkou, K., Ellinoudis, A., & Galanis, N. (2021). Hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio and cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles assessed using extended field-of-view ultrasonography. Research in Sports Medicine, 29(1), 25-42.
  • Markovic, G.; Sarabon, N.; Boban, F.; Zoric, I.; Jelcic, M.; Sos, K.; Scappaticci, M. Nordic Hamstring Strength of Highly Trained Youth Football Players and Its Relation to Sprint Performance. Journal Strength Conditioning and Research, 2020, 34, 800–807.
  • Mccall, A., Carling, C., Davison, M., Nedelec, M.L.E., Gall, F, Berthoın, S., & Dupont, G. (2015). Injury Risk Factors Screening Tests and Preventative Strategies: A Systematic Review of The Evidence That Underpins the Perceptions and Practices of 44 Football (Soccer) Teams from Various Premier Leagues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), 583-589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094104
  • Meurer, M. C., Silva, M. F., & Baroni, B. M. (2017). Strategies for injury prevention in Brazilian football: Perceptions of physiotherapists and practices of premier league teams. Physical Therapy in Sport, 28,1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.07.004
  • Opar, DA, Piatkowski, T, Williams, MD, and Shield, AJ. (2013). A novel device using the Nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: A reliability and retrospective injury study. The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 43: 636–640.
  • Rhodes, D., McNaughton, L., Greig, M. (2018). The temporal pattern of recovery in eccentric hamstring strength post-soccer specific fatigue. Research in Sports Medicine, 27 (3), 339–350.
  • Parkinson, A.O., Apps, C.L., Morris J.G., Cleveland T. B., Lewis M.G.C. (2021) The Calculation, Thresholds and Reporting of Inter-Limb Strength Asymmetry: A Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (20), 594 - 617. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.594
  • Penailillo, L., Espildora, F., Jannas-Vela, Sebastian, Mujika, I., Zbinden-Foncea, H. (2016). Muscle Strength and Speed Performance in Youth Soccer Players. Journal of human kinetics PMCID: PMC5260655 PMID: 28149358
  • Sýkora, J. (2025). The incidence of eccentric and isometric hamstring strength asymmetries among U19 youth elite soccer players in Slovakia. Slovak Journal of Sport Science - Vol. 9, Iss: suppl.,124-131
  • Schache, A.G.; Dorn, T.W.; Blanch, P.D.; Brown, N.A.; Pandy, M.G.(2012) Mechanics of the human hamstring muscles during sprinting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44, 647–658
  • Timmins, R.G.; Bourne, M.N.; Shield, A.J.; Williams, M.D.; Lorenzen, C.; Opar, D.A.(2016) Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): A prospective cohort study. British journal of sports medicine., 50, 1524–1535
  • Woods, C., Hawkins, R. D., Maltby, S., Hulse, M., Thomas, A., & Hodson, A., & Football Association Medical Research, P. (2004). The Football Association Medical Research Programme: An audit of injuries in professional football–analysis of hamstring injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38,36–41. doi:10.1136/BJSM.2002.002352
  • Wong, P.-L., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., Mao De, W., Wisloff, U., & Hong, Y. (2007). Difference in plantar pressure between the preferred and non-preferred feet in four soccer-related movements. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 84–92. doi:10.1136/ bjsm.2006.030908
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Özgür Aktürk 0000-0002-5136-4758

Elif Sibel Atış 0000-0003-1326-7946

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aktürk, Ö., & Atış, E. S. (2025). Examination of Hamstring Eccentric Muscle Strength and Limb Asymmetry with Nordbord Device. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 9(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1617897
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Spor Eğitim Dergisi (SEDER), aşağıdaki indeks/veritabanlarında listelenmektedir: