Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, eksantrik kasılma fazının, konsantrik kasılma fazına kıyasla daha fazla sayıda tekrar ile uygulandığı ve Artırılmış Tekrarlı Eksantrik Yüklenme (AREL) olarak adlandırılan yeni bir antrenman yaklaşımının denge performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 18–23 arasında değişen yirmi katılımcı dâhil edilmiş ve bu bireyler izotonik antrenman grubu (ISO), artırılmış tekrarlı eksantrik antrenman grubu (ECC+) ve kontrol grubu (CONT) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Sekiz hafta süresince ECC+ grubu, geleneksel kuvvet antrenman protokollerine ek olarak ilave eksantrik tekrarlar gerçekleştirmiş, ISO grubu ise standart izotonik antrenman yöntemlerini uygulamıştır. Denge performansı, medial-lateral, anterior-posterior ve genel stabilite endekslerini ölçen Biodex Denge Sistemi SD ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: ECC+ grubunun anterior-posterior (p=0,01) ve genel stabilite (p=0,01) parametrelerinde diğer gruplara kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde iyileşme gösterdiği saptanmıştır. ISO ve CONT gruplarında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Bu bulgular, AREL yönteminin denge performansını artırmada geleneksel kuvvet antrenmanlarına göre daha etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, AREL yaklaşımının sporcularda dinamik dengeyi geliştirmeye yönelik yenilikçi bir yöntem olma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Eksantrik aşırı yüklenme stratejilerinin antrenman programlarına dâhil edilmesi hem performansın optimize edilmesine hem de yaralanma risklerinin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arttırılış tekrarlı eksatrik yüklenme Denge performansı Eksantrik kuvvet
Kaynakça
- Aka, H., & Altundaǧ, E. (2020). The Relationship between Knee Muscles Isokinetic Strength and Dynamic Balance Performance in Volleyball Players. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(9), 157-161.
- Ambegaonkar, J. P., Mettinger, L. M., Caswell, S. V., Burtt, A., & Cortes, N. (2014). Relationships between core endurance, hip strength, and balance in collegiate female athletes. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(5), 604.
- Armstrong, R., Baltzopoulos, V., Langan-Evans, C., Clark, D., Jarvis, J., Stewart, C., & O’Brien, T. (2022). An investigation of movement dynamics and muscle activity during traditional and accentuated-eccentric squatting. PloS one, 17(11), e0276096.
- Cadore, E., González‐Izal, M., Pallarés, J., Rodriguez‐Falces, J., Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W., Pinto, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2014). Muscle conduction velocity, strength, neural activity, and morphological changes after eccentric and concentric training. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 24(5), e343-e352.
- Friedmann, B., Kinscherf, R., Vorwald, S., Müller, H., Kucera, K., Borisch, S., Richter, G., Bärtsch, P., & Billeter, R. (2004). Muscular adaptations to computer‐guided strength training with eccentric overload. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 182(1), 77-88.
- Hammami, R., Duncan, M. J., Nebigh, A., Werfelli, H., & Rebai, H. (2022). The effects of 6 weeks eccentric training on speed, dynamic balance, muscle strength, power, and lower limb asymmetry in prepubescent weightlifters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(4), 955-962.
- Harden, M., Wolf, A., Evans, M., Hicks, K. M., Thomas, K., & Howatson, G. (2020). Four weeks of augmented eccentric loading using a novel leg press device improved leg strength in well-trained athletes and professional sprint track cyclists. PloS one, 15(7), e0236663.
- Kasmi, S., Sariati, D., Hammami, R., Clark, C. C., Chtara, M., Hammami, A., Salah, F. Z. B., Saeidi, A., Ounis, O. B., & Granacher, U. (2023). The effects of different rehabilitation training modalities on isokinetic muscle function and male athletes’ psychological status after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 15(1), 43.
- Kasmi, S., Zouhal, H., Hammami, R., Clark, C. C., Hackney, A. C., Hammami, A., Chtara, M., Chortane, S. G., Salah, F. Z. B., & Granacher, U. (2021). The effects of eccentric and plyometric training programs and their combination on stability and the functional performance in the post-ACL-surgical rehabilitation period of elite female athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 688385.
- Katayama, Y., Senda, M., Hamada, M., Kataoka, M., Shintani, M., & Inoue, H. (2004). Relationship between postural balance and knee and toe muscle power in young women. Acta Medica Okayama, 58(4), 189-195.
- LeSuer, D. A., McCormick, J. H., Mayhew, J. L., Wasserstein, R. L., & Arnold, M. D. (1997). The accuracy of prediction equations for estimating 1-RM performance in the bench press, squat, and deadlift. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 11, 211-213.
- Lopez-Barreiro, J., Hernandez-Lucas, P., Garcia-Soidan, J. L., & Romo-Perez, V. (2021). Effects of an eccentric training protocol using gliding discs on balance and lower body strength in healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(24), 5965.
- Löklüoğlu B, Yılmaz S, Özcan S, Tatlıcı A. Investigation of balance performance of wrestling and kickboxing athletes. Physical Education of Students. 2024;28(1):37-42.
- Ludwig, O., Kelm, J., Hammes, A., Schmitt, E., & Fröhlich, M. (2020). Neuromuscular performance of balance and posture control in childhood and adolescence. Heliyon, 6(7), e04541.
- McCurdy, K., & Langford, G. (2006). The relationship between maximum unilateral squat strength and balance in young adult men and women. Journal of sports science & medicine, 5(2), 282.
- Merrigan, J., Borth, J., Taber, C., Suchomel, T., & Jones, M. (2022). Application of Accentuated Eccentric Loading to Elicit Acute and Chronic Velocity and Power Improvements: A Narrative Review: Accentuated Eccentric Loading for Power. International Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 2(1).
- Merrigan, J. J., Tufano, J. J., & Jones, M. T. (2021). Potentiating effects of accentuated eccentric loading are dependent upon relative strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(5), 1208-1216.
- Nebigh, A., Hammami, R., Kasmi, S., Rebai, H., Drury, B., Chtara, M., & van den Tillaar, R. (2022). The influence of maturity status on dynamic balance following 6 weeks of eccentric hamstring training in youth male handball players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(15), 9775.
- Pereira, M. P., & Gonçalves, M. (2012). Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves balance and knee extensors strength of older fallers. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012.
- Suchomel, T. J., Wagle, J. P., Douglas, J., Taber, C. B., Harden, M., Haff, G. G., & Stone, M. H. (2019). Implementing eccentric resistance training—Part 1: A brief review of existing methods. Journal of Functional Morphology and kinesiology, 4(2), 38.
- Taskuyu E, Atceken DH, Savga MB, Saçikara A, Atalay R, Gungor H. Comparison of static and dynamic balance performances of sports science students by gender. Physical Education of Students. 2024;28(5):261-7.
- Thorpe, J. L., & Ebersole, K. T. (2008). Unilateral Balance Performance in Female Collegiate Soccer Athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1429-1433. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818202db
- Tseng, K.-W., Chen, J.-R., Chow, J.-J., Tseng, W.-C., Condello, G., Tai, H.-L., & Fu, S.-K. (2021). Post-activation performance enhancement after a bout of accentuated eccentric loading in collegiate male volleyball players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(24), 13110.
- Wagle, J. P., Taber, C. B., Cunanan, A. J., Bingham, G. E., Carroll, K. M., DeWeese, B. H., Sato, K., & Stone, M. H. (2017). Accentuated eccentric loading for training and performance: A review. Sports medicine, 47, 2473-2495.
- Walker, S., Blazevich, A. J., Haff, G. G., Tufano, J. J., Newton, R. U., & Häkkinen, K. (2016). Greater strength gains after training with accentuated eccentric than traditional isoinertial loads in already strength-trained men. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 149.
- Wang, H., Ji, Z., Jiang, G., Liu, W., & Jiao, X. (2016). Correlation among proprioception, muscle strength, and balance. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(12), 3468-3472.
- Yılmaz, S. (2023). Eksantrik ve Konsantrik Kasılma Türlerinde Uygulanan Farklı Tekrar Sayılarına Dayalı Kuvvet Antrenmanı Metodunun Bazı Fiziksel Parametrelere Etkisi (The Effect of Strength Training Method Based on Different Repetition Numbers Applied in Eccentric and Concentric Contraction Types on Some Physical Parameters). Selçuk University, Instute of Health Sciences, Doctoral Thesis. Konya/Turkiye.
Öz
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a novel training approach called Augmented Repetitive Eccentric Loading (AREL) in which the eccentric contraction phase is performed with a greater number of repetitions compared to the concentric phase on balance performance. Method: Twenty participants aged between 18 and 23 were divided into three groups: isotonic training group (ISO), increased repetition eccentric training group (ECC+), and control group (CONT). Over an eight-week period, the ECC+ group performed additional eccentric repetitions beyond traditional strength training protocols, while the ISO group followed conventional isotonic training methods. Balance performance was assessed using the Biodex Balance System SD, which measures medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, and overall stability indices. Results: The ECC+ group showed significant improvements in anterior-posterior (p=0.01) and overall stability (p=0.01) compared to the other groups. No statistically significant changes were observed in the ISO and CONT groups. These findings suggest that the AREL method may be more effective than traditional strength training in enhancing balance performance. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of the AREL method as an innovative approach for improving dynamic balance in athletes. Incorporating eccentric overload strategies into training programs may help optimize performance and reduce the risk of injury.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Augmented repetitive eccentric loading balance performance eccentric strength
Kaynakça
- Aka, H., & Altundaǧ, E. (2020). The Relationship between Knee Muscles Isokinetic Strength and Dynamic Balance Performance in Volleyball Players. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(9), 157-161.
- Ambegaonkar, J. P., Mettinger, L. M., Caswell, S. V., Burtt, A., & Cortes, N. (2014). Relationships between core endurance, hip strength, and balance in collegiate female athletes. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(5), 604.
- Armstrong, R., Baltzopoulos, V., Langan-Evans, C., Clark, D., Jarvis, J., Stewart, C., & O’Brien, T. (2022). An investigation of movement dynamics and muscle activity during traditional and accentuated-eccentric squatting. PloS one, 17(11), e0276096.
- Cadore, E., González‐Izal, M., Pallarés, J., Rodriguez‐Falces, J., Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W., Pinto, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2014). Muscle conduction velocity, strength, neural activity, and morphological changes after eccentric and concentric training. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 24(5), e343-e352.
- Friedmann, B., Kinscherf, R., Vorwald, S., Müller, H., Kucera, K., Borisch, S., Richter, G., Bärtsch, P., & Billeter, R. (2004). Muscular adaptations to computer‐guided strength training with eccentric overload. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 182(1), 77-88.
- Hammami, R., Duncan, M. J., Nebigh, A., Werfelli, H., & Rebai, H. (2022). The effects of 6 weeks eccentric training on speed, dynamic balance, muscle strength, power, and lower limb asymmetry in prepubescent weightlifters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(4), 955-962.
- Harden, M., Wolf, A., Evans, M., Hicks, K. M., Thomas, K., & Howatson, G. (2020). Four weeks of augmented eccentric loading using a novel leg press device improved leg strength in well-trained athletes and professional sprint track cyclists. PloS one, 15(7), e0236663.
- Kasmi, S., Sariati, D., Hammami, R., Clark, C. C., Chtara, M., Hammami, A., Salah, F. Z. B., Saeidi, A., Ounis, O. B., & Granacher, U. (2023). The effects of different rehabilitation training modalities on isokinetic muscle function and male athletes’ psychological status after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 15(1), 43.
- Kasmi, S., Zouhal, H., Hammami, R., Clark, C. C., Hackney, A. C., Hammami, A., Chtara, M., Chortane, S. G., Salah, F. Z. B., & Granacher, U. (2021). The effects of eccentric and plyometric training programs and their combination on stability and the functional performance in the post-ACL-surgical rehabilitation period of elite female athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 688385.
- Katayama, Y., Senda, M., Hamada, M., Kataoka, M., Shintani, M., & Inoue, H. (2004). Relationship between postural balance and knee and toe muscle power in young women. Acta Medica Okayama, 58(4), 189-195.
- LeSuer, D. A., McCormick, J. H., Mayhew, J. L., Wasserstein, R. L., & Arnold, M. D. (1997). The accuracy of prediction equations for estimating 1-RM performance in the bench press, squat, and deadlift. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 11, 211-213.
- Lopez-Barreiro, J., Hernandez-Lucas, P., Garcia-Soidan, J. L., & Romo-Perez, V. (2021). Effects of an eccentric training protocol using gliding discs on balance and lower body strength in healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(24), 5965.
- Löklüoğlu B, Yılmaz S, Özcan S, Tatlıcı A. Investigation of balance performance of wrestling and kickboxing athletes. Physical Education of Students. 2024;28(1):37-42.
- Ludwig, O., Kelm, J., Hammes, A., Schmitt, E., & Fröhlich, M. (2020). Neuromuscular performance of balance and posture control in childhood and adolescence. Heliyon, 6(7), e04541.
- McCurdy, K., & Langford, G. (2006). The relationship between maximum unilateral squat strength and balance in young adult men and women. Journal of sports science & medicine, 5(2), 282.
- Merrigan, J., Borth, J., Taber, C., Suchomel, T., & Jones, M. (2022). Application of Accentuated Eccentric Loading to Elicit Acute and Chronic Velocity and Power Improvements: A Narrative Review: Accentuated Eccentric Loading for Power. International Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 2(1).
- Merrigan, J. J., Tufano, J. J., & Jones, M. T. (2021). Potentiating effects of accentuated eccentric loading are dependent upon relative strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(5), 1208-1216.
- Nebigh, A., Hammami, R., Kasmi, S., Rebai, H., Drury, B., Chtara, M., & van den Tillaar, R. (2022). The influence of maturity status on dynamic balance following 6 weeks of eccentric hamstring training in youth male handball players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(15), 9775.
- Pereira, M. P., & Gonçalves, M. (2012). Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves balance and knee extensors strength of older fallers. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012.
- Suchomel, T. J., Wagle, J. P., Douglas, J., Taber, C. B., Harden, M., Haff, G. G., & Stone, M. H. (2019). Implementing eccentric resistance training—Part 1: A brief review of existing methods. Journal of Functional Morphology and kinesiology, 4(2), 38.
- Taskuyu E, Atceken DH, Savga MB, Saçikara A, Atalay R, Gungor H. Comparison of static and dynamic balance performances of sports science students by gender. Physical Education of Students. 2024;28(5):261-7.
- Thorpe, J. L., & Ebersole, K. T. (2008). Unilateral Balance Performance in Female Collegiate Soccer Athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1429-1433. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818202db
- Tseng, K.-W., Chen, J.-R., Chow, J.-J., Tseng, W.-C., Condello, G., Tai, H.-L., & Fu, S.-K. (2021). Post-activation performance enhancement after a bout of accentuated eccentric loading in collegiate male volleyball players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(24), 13110.
- Wagle, J. P., Taber, C. B., Cunanan, A. J., Bingham, G. E., Carroll, K. M., DeWeese, B. H., Sato, K., & Stone, M. H. (2017). Accentuated eccentric loading for training and performance: A review. Sports medicine, 47, 2473-2495.
- Walker, S., Blazevich, A. J., Haff, G. G., Tufano, J. J., Newton, R. U., & Häkkinen, K. (2016). Greater strength gains after training with accentuated eccentric than traditional isoinertial loads in already strength-trained men. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 149.
- Wang, H., Ji, Z., Jiang, G., Liu, W., & Jiao, X. (2016). Correlation among proprioception, muscle strength, and balance. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(12), 3468-3472.
- Yılmaz, S. (2023). Eksantrik ve Konsantrik Kasılma Türlerinde Uygulanan Farklı Tekrar Sayılarına Dayalı Kuvvet Antrenmanı Metodunun Bazı Fiziksel Parametrelere Etkisi (The Effect of Strength Training Method Based on Different Repetition Numbers Applied in Eccentric and Concentric Contraction Types on Some Physical Parameters). Selçuk University, Instute of Health Sciences, Doctoral Thesis. Konya/Turkiye.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Antrenman |
| Bölüm | Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 25 Şubat 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 29 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 |
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