Araştırma Makalesi
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Elderly and Fear of Crime in the Context of Fraud

Yıl 2025, , 37 - 69, 21.04.2025

Gülizar Eraslan

https://doi.org/10.26650/senectus.2025.3.1.0747

Öz

This study aims to make a qualitative assessment to understand the sources and consequences of the fear of fraud among the elderly in Türkiye With this qualitative study, the aims of the study are to investigate whether the fear of fraud exists in the elderly, to what extent it exists, and to show the reasons for the resulting result. The reason for conducting a study in the context of fraud crime is that the fear of crime is not specifically focused on a single type of crime but rather includes all types of crimes, which has been criticized in the literature. In this context, the phenomenological approach focusing on human experiences was determined as the research design. With purposeful sampling, qualified individuals were selected in order to provide information for the research in accordance with the purpose of the research and an in depth research was attempted. The interviews were conducted using a semi structured interview form consisting of open ended questions and, when necessary, probes were used, and informal sources were used in an informal manner. 11 participants aged 65 and over residing in different cities of Türkiye were asked to convey their victimization experiences in their own words, and then questions were continued to be asked to each participant in the context of the event they experienced. Although it is not clear from the answers given to the questions that the participants generally experienced a fear stemming from this act of fraud, some emotions other than fear were witnessed. There were striking statements that the participants felt anger and shame except fear.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elderly Sociologyof aging Fraud Fear of crime Victimization

Kaynakça

  • Agin, N. S. (2019). Türk ceza hukukunda bilişim sistemlerinin ara olarak kullanılması suretiyle dolandırıcılık suçu (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar
  • Apa, S. (2022). Yaşlılarda suç korkusu ve sosyal destek: İstanbul örneği (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar
  • Artan, T. (2012). Yerel yönetimlerde sosyal hizmetler. SABEV Yayınları. google scholar
  • Bilton, T., Bonnett, K., Jones, P., Lawson, T., Skinner, D., Stanworth, M., & Webster, A. (2008). Sosyoloji. Siyasal Yayınevi. google scholar
  • Buffel, T., Verté, D., De Donder, L., De Witte, N., Dury, S., Vanwing, T., & Bolsenbroek, A. (2013). Theorizing the relationship between older people and their immediate social living environment. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 31(1), 13–32. google scholar
  • Canatan, A. (2004). Yoksulluk ve yaşlılık. R. B. Şen (Ed.), IV. Aile Şurası: Aile ve Yoksulluk Bildiriler Kitabı (s. 103–107). T.C. Başbakanlık Aile Araştırma Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları. google scholar
  • Chadee, D., & Ditton, J. (2003). Are older people most afraid of crime? Revisiting Ferraro and LaGrange in Trinidad. The British Journal of Criminology, 43(2), 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1093/ bjc/43.2.417 google scholar
  • Clemente, F., & Kleiman, M. B. (1976). Fear of crime among the aged. The Gerontologist, 16(3), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/16.3.207 google scholar
  • Conklin, J. E. (1971). Dimensions of community response to the crime problem. Social Problems, 18, 373–385. google scholar
  • Covington, J., & Taylor, R. B. (1991). Fear of crime in urban residential neighborhoods: Implications of between- and within-neighborhood sources for current models. The Sociological Quarterly, 32(2), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00355.x google scholar
  • Çoklar, İ., & Solak, N. (2017). Suç korkusu: Tanım, ölçüm ve belirleyiciler. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(10). google scholar
  • Çolpan Erkan, N., & Sevin, B. (2018). Suç korkusu konusunda bir inceleme: Kadıköy örneği. google scholar
  • Planlama, 28(3), 315–327. https://doi.org/10.14744/planlama.2018.82787 google scholar
  • De Donder, L., Buffel, T., Dury, S., De Witte, N., & Verté, D. (2012). Perceptual quality of neighbourhood design and feelings of unsafety. Ageing and Society, 33, 917–937. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0144686X12000207 google scholar
  • Doğutaş, C. (2010). Suç korkusu: Nedenleri, sonuçları ve güvenlik politikaları ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002154 google scholar
  • Dolu, O., Uludağ, Ş., & Doğutaş, C. (2010). Suç korkusu: Nedenleri, sonuçları ve güvenlik politikaları ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002154 google scholar
  • Doran, B. J., & Burgess, M. B. (2012). Putting fear of crime on the map: Investigating perceptions of crime using geographic information systems. Routledge. google scholar
  • Doran, B. J. ve Burgess, M. B.: Putting Fear of Crime on the Map: Investigating Perceptions of Crime Using Geographic Information Systems, New York–London. 2012.67 google scholar
  • Evren, Ç. C. (2018). Hukukta yaşlı ve yaşlılara sunulan sosyal hizmetlerin idare hukuku açısından değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2). google scholar
  • Farrall, S., Bannister, J., Ditton, J., & Gilchrist, E. (1997). Questioning the measurement of the ‘fear of crime’: Findings from a major methodological study. The British Journal of Criminology, 37(4), 658–679. google scholar
  • Farrall, S., & Ditton, J. (1999). Improving the measurement of attitudinal responses: An example from a crime survey. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2(1), 55–68. google scholar
  • Farrall, S., & Gadd, D. (2004). Research note: The frequency of the fear of crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 44(1), 127–132. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23639025 google scholar
  • Farrall, S., Jackson, J., & Gray, E. (2009). Social order and the fear of crime in contemporary times. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Fattah, E. A., & Sacco, V. F. (1989). Crime and victimization of the elderly. Springer. google scholar
  • Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. State University of New York Press. google scholar
  • Ferraro, K. F., & LaGrange, R. (2000). The measurement of fear of crime. In J. Ditton (Ed.), The fear of crime (pp. 277–308). North Carolina. google scholar
  • Gabriel, U., & Greve, W. (2003). The psychology of fear of crime: Conceptual and methodological perspectives. British Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 600–614. google scholar
  • Garofalo, J., & Laub, J. (1978). The fear of crime: Broadening our perspective. Victimology, 3, 242–253. google scholar
  • Gouseti, I. (2016). Fear of crime as a way of thinking, feeling and acting: An integrated approach to measurement and a theoretical examination of psychological distance and risk construal (Doktora tezi). The London School of Economics and Political Science. google scholar
  • Greve, W. (1998). Fear of crime among the elderly: Foresight, not fright. International Review of Victimology, 5(3–4), 277–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975809800500405 google scholar
  • Greve, W., Leipold, B., & Kappes, C. (2017). Fear of crime in old age: A sample case of resilience? The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. google scholar
  • Gubrium, J. F. (1974). Victimization in old age: Available evidence and three hypotheses. Crime and Delinquency, 20, 245–250. google scholar
  • Güven, S. (2006). Toplum bilimde araştırma yöntemleri. Ezgi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology, 4(2), 79–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975809600400201 google scholar
  • Haynie, D. (2001). Delinquent peers revisited: Does network structure matter? American Journal of Sociology, 106(4), 1013–1057. google scholar
  • Hough, M. (2004). Worry about crime: Mental events or mental states? International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 7(2), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557042000194559 google scholar
  • Innes, M. (2004). Signal crimes and signal disorders: Notes on deviance as communicative action. The British Journal of Sociology, 55, 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00023.x google scholar
  • Kılıç, Y. (2022). 18-65 yaş arası bireylerin suç korkusu düzeyleri ile toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ve adil dünya inancı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Haliç Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı. google scholar
  • Killias, M. (1990). Vulnerability: Towards a better understanding of a key variable in the genesis of fear of crime. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 97–108. google scholar
  • Kimic, K., & Polko, P. (2022). The use of urban parks by older adults in the context of perceived security. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 4184. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074184 google scholar
  • Kinsey, R., & Anderson, S. (1992). Crime and the quality of life: Public perceptions and experiences of crime in Scotland (Central Research Unit Paper). Scottish Office. google scholar
  • Li, J. C. M., Wong, G. T. W., Manning, M., & Yeung, D. Y. (2022). Financial fraud against older people in Hong Kong: Assessing and predicting the fear and perceived risk of victimization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 1223. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph19031233 google scholar
  • Ömeroğlu, Ö. (2012). Suç korkusu, cezanın caydırıcılığı ve küçük suçlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(4), 329–370. google scholar
  • Pain, R. (1997). ‘Old age’ and ageism in urban research: The case of fear of crime. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 21, 117–128. google scholar
  • Pain, R. (2000). Place, social relations and the fear of crime: A review. Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 365–387. https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540474 google scholar
  • Rezvani, M., & Sadra, Y. (2019). Sociological explanation of fear of crime in public spaces: Case study Mashhad. Social Criminology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1709.08300 google scholar
  • Ross, C. (1993). Fear of victimization and health. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9(2), 159–175. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23365800 google scholar
  • Shaw, C., & McKay, H. D. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas: A study of rates of delinquency in relation to differential characteristics of local communities in American cities. University of Chicago Press. google scholar
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Dolandırıcılık Suçu Bağlamında Yaşlılık ve Suç Korkusu

Yıl 2025, , 37 - 69, 21.04.2025

Gülizar Eraslan

https://doi.org/10.26650/senectus.2025.3.1.0747

Öz

Bu çalışma Türkiye genelindeki yaşlıların dolandırıcılık suçu korkularının kaynakları ve sonuçlarını anlamaya yönelik nitel bir değerlendirme yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Yapılan bu nitel çalışmayla; yaşlılarda dolandırıcılık suçu korkusunun bulunup bulunmadığını, bulunuyorsa ne boyutta olduğunu araştırmak ve ortaya çıkan sonucun sebeplerini göstermek araştırmanın amaçlarındandır. Dolandırıcılık suçu bağlamında bir çalışma yürütülmesinin nedeni literatürde suç korkusunun tek bir suç türü özelinde değil tüm suç türlerini ihtiva edecek şekilde araştırılmasının eleştiri konusu yapılmış olmasından ileri gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırma deseni olarak insan deneyimlerini odağa alan fenomenolojik yaklaşım belirlenmiştir. Amaçlı örnekleme ile araştırmanın amacına uygun şekilde araştırmaya bilgi sunma açısından nitelikli kişiler seçilerek derinlemesine araştırma yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan ve gerektiğinde sondalardan da yararlanılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla yapılan görüşmeler enformel kaynaklarla, enformel tarzda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde ikamet eden 65 yaş ve üzeri 11 katılımcıdan yaşadıkları mağduriyet deneyimlerini kendi ifadeleriyle aktarmaları istenmiş, sonrasında her katılımcıya yaşamış olduğu olay bağlamında sorular yöneltilmeye devam edilmiştir. Sorulan sorulara verilen yanıtlarda genel itibariyle katılımcıların bu dolandırıcılık fiilinden kaynaklanan bir korku yaşadıkları çok net görülmemekle birlikte korku dışında yaşadıkları birtakım duygulara şahit olunmuştur. Katılımcıların korku dışında öfke ve utanç duyduklarıa dair dikkat çeken ifadelere rastlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşlı Yaşlanma sosyolojisi Dolandırıcılık suçu Suç korkusu Mağduriyet

Kaynakça

  • Agin, N. S. (2019). Türk ceza hukukunda bilişim sistemlerinin ara olarak kullanılması suretiyle dolandırıcılık suçu (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar
  • Apa, S. (2022). Yaşlılarda suç korkusu ve sosyal destek: İstanbul örneği (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar
  • Artan, T. (2012). Yerel yönetimlerde sosyal hizmetler. SABEV Yayınları. google scholar
  • Bilton, T., Bonnett, K., Jones, P., Lawson, T., Skinner, D., Stanworth, M., & Webster, A. (2008). Sosyoloji. Siyasal Yayınevi. google scholar
  • Buffel, T., Verté, D., De Donder, L., De Witte, N., Dury, S., Vanwing, T., & Bolsenbroek, A. (2013). Theorizing the relationship between older people and their immediate social living environment. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 31(1), 13–32. google scholar
  • Canatan, A. (2004). Yoksulluk ve yaşlılık. R. B. Şen (Ed.), IV. Aile Şurası: Aile ve Yoksulluk Bildiriler Kitabı (s. 103–107). T.C. Başbakanlık Aile Araştırma Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları. google scholar
  • Chadee, D., & Ditton, J. (2003). Are older people most afraid of crime? Revisiting Ferraro and LaGrange in Trinidad. The British Journal of Criminology, 43(2), 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1093/ bjc/43.2.417 google scholar
  • Clemente, F., & Kleiman, M. B. (1976). Fear of crime among the aged. The Gerontologist, 16(3), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/16.3.207 google scholar
  • Conklin, J. E. (1971). Dimensions of community response to the crime problem. Social Problems, 18, 373–385. google scholar
  • Covington, J., & Taylor, R. B. (1991). Fear of crime in urban residential neighborhoods: Implications of between- and within-neighborhood sources for current models. The Sociological Quarterly, 32(2), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00355.x google scholar
  • Çoklar, İ., & Solak, N. (2017). Suç korkusu: Tanım, ölçüm ve belirleyiciler. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(10). google scholar
  • Çolpan Erkan, N., & Sevin, B. (2018). Suç korkusu konusunda bir inceleme: Kadıköy örneği. google scholar
  • Planlama, 28(3), 315–327. https://doi.org/10.14744/planlama.2018.82787 google scholar
  • De Donder, L., Buffel, T., Dury, S., De Witte, N., & Verté, D. (2012). Perceptual quality of neighbourhood design and feelings of unsafety. Ageing and Society, 33, 917–937. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0144686X12000207 google scholar
  • Doğutaş, C. (2010). Suç korkusu: Nedenleri, sonuçları ve güvenlik politikaları ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002154 google scholar
  • Dolu, O., Uludağ, Ş., & Doğutaş, C. (2010). Suç korkusu: Nedenleri, sonuçları ve güvenlik politikaları ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002154 google scholar
  • Doran, B. J., & Burgess, M. B. (2012). Putting fear of crime on the map: Investigating perceptions of crime using geographic information systems. Routledge. google scholar
  • Doran, B. J. ve Burgess, M. B.: Putting Fear of Crime on the Map: Investigating Perceptions of Crime Using Geographic Information Systems, New York–London. 2012.67 google scholar
  • Evren, Ç. C. (2018). Hukukta yaşlı ve yaşlılara sunulan sosyal hizmetlerin idare hukuku açısından değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2). google scholar
  • Farrall, S., Bannister, J., Ditton, J., & Gilchrist, E. (1997). Questioning the measurement of the ‘fear of crime’: Findings from a major methodological study. The British Journal of Criminology, 37(4), 658–679. google scholar
  • Farrall, S., & Ditton, J. (1999). Improving the measurement of attitudinal responses: An example from a crime survey. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2(1), 55–68. google scholar
  • Farrall, S., & Gadd, D. (2004). Research note: The frequency of the fear of crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 44(1), 127–132. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23639025 google scholar
  • Farrall, S., Jackson, J., & Gray, E. (2009). Social order and the fear of crime in contemporary times. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Fattah, E. A., & Sacco, V. F. (1989). Crime and victimization of the elderly. Springer. google scholar
  • Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. State University of New York Press. google scholar
  • Ferraro, K. F., & LaGrange, R. (2000). The measurement of fear of crime. In J. Ditton (Ed.), The fear of crime (pp. 277–308). North Carolina. google scholar
  • Gabriel, U., & Greve, W. (2003). The psychology of fear of crime: Conceptual and methodological perspectives. British Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 600–614. google scholar
  • Garofalo, J., & Laub, J. (1978). The fear of crime: Broadening our perspective. Victimology, 3, 242–253. google scholar
  • Gouseti, I. (2016). Fear of crime as a way of thinking, feeling and acting: An integrated approach to measurement and a theoretical examination of psychological distance and risk construal (Doktora tezi). The London School of Economics and Political Science. google scholar
  • Greve, W. (1998). Fear of crime among the elderly: Foresight, not fright. International Review of Victimology, 5(3–4), 277–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975809800500405 google scholar
  • Greve, W., Leipold, B., & Kappes, C. (2017). Fear of crime in old age: A sample case of resilience? The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. google scholar
  • Gubrium, J. F. (1974). Victimization in old age: Available evidence and three hypotheses. Crime and Delinquency, 20, 245–250. google scholar
  • Güven, S. (2006). Toplum bilimde araştırma yöntemleri. Ezgi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology, 4(2), 79–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975809600400201 google scholar
  • Haynie, D. (2001). Delinquent peers revisited: Does network structure matter? American Journal of Sociology, 106(4), 1013–1057. google scholar
  • Hough, M. (2004). Worry about crime: Mental events or mental states? International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 7(2), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557042000194559 google scholar
  • Innes, M. (2004). Signal crimes and signal disorders: Notes on deviance as communicative action. The British Journal of Sociology, 55, 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00023.x google scholar
  • Kılıç, Y. (2022). 18-65 yaş arası bireylerin suç korkusu düzeyleri ile toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ve adil dünya inancı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Haliç Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı. google scholar
  • Killias, M. (1990). Vulnerability: Towards a better understanding of a key variable in the genesis of fear of crime. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 97–108. google scholar
  • Kimic, K., & Polko, P. (2022). The use of urban parks by older adults in the context of perceived security. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 4184. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074184 google scholar
  • Kinsey, R., & Anderson, S. (1992). Crime and the quality of life: Public perceptions and experiences of crime in Scotland (Central Research Unit Paper). Scottish Office. google scholar
  • Li, J. C. M., Wong, G. T. W., Manning, M., & Yeung, D. Y. (2022). Financial fraud against older people in Hong Kong: Assessing and predicting the fear and perceived risk of victimization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 1223. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph19031233 google scholar
  • Ömeroğlu, Ö. (2012). Suç korkusu, cezanın caydırıcılığı ve küçük suçlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(4), 329–370. google scholar
  • Pain, R. (1997). ‘Old age’ and ageism in urban research: The case of fear of crime. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 21, 117–128. google scholar
  • Pain, R. (2000). Place, social relations and the fear of crime: A review. Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 365–387. https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540474 google scholar
  • Rezvani, M., & Sadra, Y. (2019). Sociological explanation of fear of crime in public spaces: Case study Mashhad. Social Criminology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1709.08300 google scholar
  • Ross, C. (1993). Fear of victimization and health. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9(2), 159–175. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23365800 google scholar
  • Shaw, C., & McKay, H. D. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas: A study of rates of delinquency in relation to differential characteristics of local communities in American cities. University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Skogan, W. G. (1990). Disorder and decline: Crime and the spiral of decay in American neighborhoods. The Free Press. google scholar
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Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yaşlılık Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gülizar Eraslan 0000-0003-1009-9334

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 31 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Eraslan, G. (2025). Dolandırıcılık Suçu Bağlamında Yaşlılık ve Suç Korkusu. Senectus, 3(1), 37-69. https://doi.org/10.26650/senectus.2025.3.1.0747