Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Afganistan'ın Tarımsal İhracat Avantajı: İran, Pakistan, Tacikistan, Hindistan ve Türkiye'ye Odaklanarak Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma (2011-2019)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 1 - 28, 05.05.2025

Mohammad Tawfiq Noorzai , Aziz Kutlar

https://doi.org/10.37460/sid.1536433

Öz

Özet
Bu çalışma, 2011-2019 yılları arasında Afganistan'ın tarım ihracat potansiyelini kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz ederek ihracat avantajlarını tanımlamayı, büyüme fırsatlarını belirlemeyi ve ülkenin ihracat avantajını artırmaya yönelik öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, Afganistan'ın tarım ihracatındaki göreli avantajını Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Denge, Micheli İndeksi (MI), Ticaret Dengesi İçindeki Pay (CTB) ve Kai Kare gibi altı gösterge kullanarak değerlendirmektedir. Çalışma dönemi boyunca tarım ürünlerinin ülke ihracatındaki payında dalgalanmalar gözlemlenmiştir. Afganistan, meyve, kuruyemiş ve baharat üretimi ve ihracatında yüksek göreli avantaja sahip olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu avantajlara rağmen, standart dışı ambalajlama ve pazarlama sorunları gibi zorluklar Afganistan'ın piyasa konumunu engellemektedir. Zorlukları aşmak için çalışma, mekanizasyon, stratejik yatırımlar, kalite güvence sistemleri ve politika iyileştirmeleri önererek Afganistan'ın küresel tarım pazarındaki konumunu güçlendirmeyi tavsiye etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göreli Avantaj K2 İndeksi Tarım Ürünleri İhracat Afghanistan

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma, bilgiyi genişletmek ve bilimsel kavramları geliştirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yazarlar, araştırmanın yürütülmesinde tüm etik ilkelere uyulduğunu teyit ederler. Bu çalışma ile ilgili herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir destekleyen kurum tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ali, A., Akhtar, W., Ahmad, S., & Honghua, C. (2020). Revealed comparative advantage of selected agricultural commodities of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences, 36(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.47432/2020.36.1.5
  • Amir Teimori, S., Shemshadi, K., & Khalilian, S. (2011). Place of Iran in export of fennel: The export comparative advantage approach. Agricultural Economics Research, 3(12), 81-95.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalization and “revealed” comparative advantage. The Manchester School, 33(2), 99–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x
  • Ballance, R. H., Forstner, H., & Murray, T. (1987). Consistency tests of alternative measures of comparative advantage. The Review of Economics and statistics, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937915
  • Boltho, A. (1996). The assessment: international competitiveness. Oxford review of economic policy, 12(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/12.3.1
  • Commission of the European Communities. (2009). A sustainable future for transport: Towards an integrated, technology-led and user-friendly system. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/2009_future_of_transport_en.htm
  • Golovko, E., & Valentini, G. (2011). Exploring the complementarity between innovation and export for SMEs growth. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(3), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2011.2
  • Ishchukova, N., & Smutka, L. (2013). Comparative advantage: Products mapping of the Russian agricultural exports. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 5(3), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.157521
  • Jaravaza, D.C., Nyengerai, S., & Mzumara, M. (2013). Comparative advantage and export development: The case of Egypt. Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(4), 168–173. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJBMS.2013.4.042413586
  • Javed, I., Ashfaq, M., & Anwar, N. (2017). Exports of Major Agricultural Products from Pakistan to United Arab Emirates: Performance and Comparative Advantage. https://doi.org/10.3923/std.2017.53.60
  • Johnston, B. F. (1962). Agricultural development and economic transformation: A comparative study of the Japanese experience. Food Research Institute Studies, 3(3), 223-276.
  • Ketels, C. (2010). Export competitiveness: reversing the logic. Institute for strategy and competitiveness.
  • Kravčáková Vozárová, I. (2013). The measurement of the competitiveness of EU agricultural production at the macroeconomic level. Exclusive Journal, Economy & Society & Environment, 1(1), 155–162.
  • Krugman, P. (1996). Making sense of the competitiveness debate. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12(3), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/12.3.17
  • Lakra, K., Kamalvanshi, V., Kushwaha, S., S., Sen, C., & Singh, N. (2013). Comparative advantage in exports of major agricultural commodities in India: A post-reforms analysis. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(3), 489. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-4666.59.2.011
  • Larbi, W., & Chymes, A. (2014). The impact of government policies and incentives to promote the export of agricultural products in Tunisia: The case of olive oil. In Food chains: Quality, safety and efficiency in a challenging world (pp. 96–107). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315877914
  • Latruffe, L. (2010). Compétitivité, productivité et efficacité dans les secteurs agricole et agroalimentaire. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/5km91nj6929p-fr
  • Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed comparative advantages and the alternatives as measures of international specialization. Eurasian Business Review, 5, 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0017-1
  • Lee, S. H., & Weng, D. H. (2013). Does bribery in the home country promote or dampen firm exports? Strategic Management Journal, 34(12), 1472–1487. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2075
  • Liesner, H. H. (1958). The European common market and British industry. The Economic Journal, 68(270), 302–316. https://doi.org/10.2307/2227597
  • Mehr Ara, M. R. A. (2006). Iran, level of integration into the global economy and comparative advantages. Economic Research Journal, 72, 131–162.
  • Michaely, M. (1962). Concentration in international trade (No. 28). North-Holland Publishing Company.
  • Natalița Maria, S. (2015). Opportunities to promote the consumption of Romanian food products on the Greek market. Annals of Constantin Brancusi University of Targu-Jiu. Economy Series, 4.
  • National Statistics and Information Authority. (2018). Household Survey on Living Conditions in Afghanistan 1385. http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/afghanistan/index_en.htm
  • Porter, M. E. (2008). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Simon and Schuster.
  • Schwab, K. (2018, October). The global competitiveness report 2018. World Economic Forum.
  • Suresh, A., & Mathur, V. C. (2016). Export of agricultural commodities from India: Performance and prospects. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86(7), 876–883. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v86i7.59741

Afghanistan's Agricultural Export Advantage: A Comparative Study (2011-2019) with Focus on Key Trading Partners (Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, India, and Turkey)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 1 - 28, 05.05.2025

Mohammad Tawfiq Noorzai , Aziz Kutlar

https://doi.org/10.37460/sid.1536433

Öz

Abstract
The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of Afghanistan's agricultural export potential from 2011 to 2019, aiming to identify and diagnose export advantages, recognize growth opportunities, and present recommendations for enhancing the country's export advantage. The research evaluates Afghanistan's relative advantage in agricultural exports by employing six indicators, including Revealed Comparative Advantage RCA, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Balance, Micheli Index (MI), Share in Trade Balance (CTB), and Kai Square indicating an increase in the share of agricultural products in total country exports, with fluctuations over the study period. Afghanistan demonstrates a higher relative advantage in various agricultural products, securing leading positions in producing and exporting fruits, nuts, and spices. Despite these advantages, challenges such as non-standard packaging and marketing issues hinder Afghanistan's market position. To address challenges, the study recommends mechanization, strategic investments, quality assurance, and policy improvements to strengthen Afghanistan's position in the global agricultural market.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Comparative Advantage K2 Index Agricultural Products Exports Afghanistan

Kaynakça

  • Ali, A., Akhtar, W., Ahmad, S., & Honghua, C. (2020). Revealed comparative advantage of selected agricultural commodities of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences, 36(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.47432/2020.36.1.5
  • Amir Teimori, S., Shemshadi, K., & Khalilian, S. (2011). Place of Iran in export of fennel: The export comparative advantage approach. Agricultural Economics Research, 3(12), 81-95.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalization and “revealed” comparative advantage. The Manchester School, 33(2), 99–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x
  • Ballance, R. H., Forstner, H., & Murray, T. (1987). Consistency tests of alternative measures of comparative advantage. The Review of Economics and statistics, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937915
  • Boltho, A. (1996). The assessment: international competitiveness. Oxford review of economic policy, 12(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/12.3.1
  • Commission of the European Communities. (2009). A sustainable future for transport: Towards an integrated, technology-led and user-friendly system. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/2009_future_of_transport_en.htm
  • Golovko, E., & Valentini, G. (2011). Exploring the complementarity between innovation and export for SMEs growth. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(3), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2011.2
  • Ishchukova, N., & Smutka, L. (2013). Comparative advantage: Products mapping of the Russian agricultural exports. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 5(3), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.157521
  • Jaravaza, D.C., Nyengerai, S., & Mzumara, M. (2013). Comparative advantage and export development: The case of Egypt. Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(4), 168–173. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJBMS.2013.4.042413586
  • Javed, I., Ashfaq, M., & Anwar, N. (2017). Exports of Major Agricultural Products from Pakistan to United Arab Emirates: Performance and Comparative Advantage. https://doi.org/10.3923/std.2017.53.60
  • Johnston, B. F. (1962). Agricultural development and economic transformation: A comparative study of the Japanese experience. Food Research Institute Studies, 3(3), 223-276.
  • Ketels, C. (2010). Export competitiveness: reversing the logic. Institute for strategy and competitiveness.
  • Kravčáková Vozárová, I. (2013). The measurement of the competitiveness of EU agricultural production at the macroeconomic level. Exclusive Journal, Economy & Society & Environment, 1(1), 155–162.
  • Krugman, P. (1996). Making sense of the competitiveness debate. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12(3), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/12.3.17
  • Lakra, K., Kamalvanshi, V., Kushwaha, S., S., Sen, C., & Singh, N. (2013). Comparative advantage in exports of major agricultural commodities in India: A post-reforms analysis. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(3), 489. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-4666.59.2.011
  • Larbi, W., & Chymes, A. (2014). The impact of government policies and incentives to promote the export of agricultural products in Tunisia: The case of olive oil. In Food chains: Quality, safety and efficiency in a challenging world (pp. 96–107). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315877914
  • Latruffe, L. (2010). Compétitivité, productivité et efficacité dans les secteurs agricole et agroalimentaire. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/5km91nj6929p-fr
  • Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed comparative advantages and the alternatives as measures of international specialization. Eurasian Business Review, 5, 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0017-1
  • Lee, S. H., & Weng, D. H. (2013). Does bribery in the home country promote or dampen firm exports? Strategic Management Journal, 34(12), 1472–1487. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2075
  • Liesner, H. H. (1958). The European common market and British industry. The Economic Journal, 68(270), 302–316. https://doi.org/10.2307/2227597
  • Mehr Ara, M. R. A. (2006). Iran, level of integration into the global economy and comparative advantages. Economic Research Journal, 72, 131–162.
  • Michaely, M. (1962). Concentration in international trade (No. 28). North-Holland Publishing Company.
  • Natalița Maria, S. (2015). Opportunities to promote the consumption of Romanian food products on the Greek market. Annals of Constantin Brancusi University of Targu-Jiu. Economy Series, 4.
  • National Statistics and Information Authority. (2018). Household Survey on Living Conditions in Afghanistan 1385. http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/afghanistan/index_en.htm
  • Porter, M. E. (2008). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Simon and Schuster.
  • Schwab, K. (2018, October). The global competitiveness report 2018. World Economic Forum.
  • Suresh, A., & Mathur, V. C. (2016). Export of agricultural commodities from India: Performance and prospects. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86(7), 876–883. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v86i7.59741
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi Teorisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mohammad Tawfiq Noorzai 0009-0008-0646-0581

Aziz Kutlar 0000-0001-9297-8046

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 24 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Noorzai, M. T., & Kutlar, A. (2025). Afghanistan’s Agricultural Export Advantage: A Comparative Study (2011-2019) with Focus on Key Trading Partners (Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, India, and Turkey). Sakarya Üniversitesi İktisat Dergisi, 14(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.37460/sid.1536433

33083
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