Öz
Recent studies have focused on plant-based antioxidative materials and biomaterials that serve as remedies or preventive agents against oxidative stress-induced damage in organisms. Various methods exist to evaluate the antioxidant potential of these compounds. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals in biological cells, mitigating their harmful effects on living organisms. This study aimed to investigate the $in$ $vivo$ protective effects of naringin, silymarin and ellagic acid which are known to contribute to tissue repair following short-term ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Three-week-old, clinically healthy, Wistar albino rats (n: 35), weighing 250-300 g, were used in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma paraoxonase (PON), total sialic acid (TSA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC), oxidative stress index (OSI) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Results demonstrated that TSA, TOC and NO levels decreased while TAC and PON levels increased following biomaterial administration ($P$<0.05). This study confirmed that silymarin, naringin and ellagic acid exhibit free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, radioprotective, antiulcerogenic, and analgesic properties. Given the obtained $in$ $vivo$ results, we conclude that, they might be considered as promising candidates to reduce the effects and the levels of oxidative stress during $in$ $vivo$ and $in$ $vitro$ applications
Anahtar Kelimeler
Free radical ischemia/reperfusion nitric oxide total antioxidant/oxidant capacity
Etik Beyan
The study was conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration. Approval for the study was obtained from the Kafkas University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (KAU-HADYEK 2020- 027-28-29).
Kaynakça
- Karimi, M. A., Goudarzi, M., Khodayar, M. J., Khorsandi, L., Mehrzadi, S., & Fatemi, I. (2023). Gemfibrozil palliates adriamycin-induced testicular injury in male rats via modulating oxidative, endocrine and inflammatory changes in rats. Tissue and Cell, 82, 102037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2023.102037
- Zimmerman, B.J., Granger, D.N. (1992). Reperfusion injury. Surgical Clinics of North America, 72, 65-83.
- Giorgi, A., Mingozzi, M., Madeo, M., Giovanna, S., Cocucci, M. (2009). Effect of nitrogen starvation on the phenolic metabolism and antioxidant properties of yarrow (Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb). Food Chemistry, 114, 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.039
- Innocenti, A., Gülçin, I., Scozzafava, A., Supuran, C. T. (2010). Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Antioxidant polyphenols effectively inhibit mammalian isoforms I–XV”, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20, 5050-5053, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.038
- Sharifi-Rad, J., Quispe, C., Castillo, C. M. S., Caroca, R., Lazo-Vélez, M. A., Antonyak, H., Polishchuk, A., Lysiuk, R., Oliinyk, P., De Masi, L., Bontempo, P., Martorell, M., Daştan, S. D., Rigano, D., Wink, M., & Cho, W. C. (2022). Ellagic acid: A review on its natural sources, chemical stability, and therapeutic potential. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3848084
- Shi, R., Gao, D., Stoika, R., Liu, K., Sik, A., & Jin, M. (2022). Potential implications of polyphenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2155106
- Eckerson, H. W., Romson, J. O. S. E. P. H., Wyte, C., & La Du, B. N. (1983). The human serum paraoxonase polymorphism: identification of phenotypes by their response to salts. American Journal of Human Genetics, 35(2), 214.
- Erel, O. (2004). A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clinical biochemistry, 37(4), 277-285.
- Erel, O. (2005). A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38, 1103-1111.
- Kösecik, M., Erel, O., Sevinc, E., Selek, S. (2005). Increased oxidative stress in children exposed to passive smoking. International Journal Cardiology, 100, 61-64.
- Sydow, G. (1985). A simplified quick method for determination of sialic acid in serum. Biomedica Biochimica Acta, 44(11-12), 1721-1723.
- Miranda, K. M., Espey, M. G., & Wink, D. A. (2001). A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide: Biology and Chemistry, 5(1), 62–71.
- Jung, G., Hennings, G., Pfeifer, M., & Bessler, W. G. (1983). Interaction of metal-complexing compounds with lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines. Molecular Pharmacology, 23(3), 698-702.
- Guven, A., Nur, G., & Deveci, H. A. (2019). Effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) diets against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in albino mice. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28, 6521-6527
- Liguori, I., Russo, G., Curcio, F., Bulli, G., Aran, L., Della-Morte, D., Gargiulo, G., Testa, G., Cacciatore, F., Bonaduce, D., & Abete, P. (2018). Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 757–772.
- Gupta, A., Singh, A. K., Kumar, R., Jamieson, S., Pandey, A. K., & Bishayee, A. (2021). Neuroprotective potential of ellagic acid: a critical review. Advances in Nutrition, 12(4), 1211-1238. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab007
- Alfei, S., Marengo, B., & Zuccari, G. (2020). Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capabilities, and Bioavailability: Ellagic Acid or Urolithins? Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(8), 707.
- Li, H. Y., Zhou, D. D., Gan, R. Y., Huang, S. Y., Zhao, C. N., Shang, A., Xu, X. Y., & Li, H. B. (2021). Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 13(9), 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093211
- Deveci, H. A., Nur, G., Ali Kırpık, M., Harmankaya, A., & Yıldız, Y. (2016). Fenolik bileşik içeren bitkisel antioksidanlar. Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 26-32.
- Sun, W., & Shahrajabian, M. H. (2023). Therapeutic potential of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants—Natural health products for human health. Molecules, 28(4), 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041845
- Deveci, H. A., Yılmaz, Ş. G., & Deveci, A. (2023). Investigation of the total phenolic compound and total antioxidant/oxidant capacity of methanol extract of Prunus divaricata var (Yonuz plum). Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 1261-1269.
- Deveci, H. A., Doğan, F. H., & Deveci, A. (2025). Investigation of the Total Antioxidant/oxidant Status, Total Phenolic Compounds, and Oxidative Stress Index in Sun-dried Vegetables: Example Gaziantep/Turkiye. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 505-518.
- Amini, N., Maleki, M., & Badavi, M. (2022). Nephroprotective activity of naringin against chemical-induced toxicity and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: A review. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 12(4), 357.
- Surai, P. F. (2015). Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives. Antioxidants, 4(1), 204-247.
- Singh, H., Singh, T., Buttar, H. S., Kaur, S., Arora, S., Télessy, I. G., & Singh, B. (2022). The Pathophysiology of Liver Disorders and Pharmacotherapy Options with Special Reference to Traditional Herbal Medicines: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedical Translational Research: Drug Design and Discovery, 549-583.
- Guven, A., Nur, G., & Deveci, H. A. (2021). Bıochemıcal and Hıstopathologıcal Profıle of the Lıver in Chemıcal Poısonıng. Guven A (Ed) Editor, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense System (123-149), Livre De Lyon, Lyon.
- Kanko, M., Maral, H., Akbas, M.H., Ozden, M., Bulbul, S., Omay, O., Yavuz, S., Berki, K.T. (2005). Protective effects of clopidogrel on oxidant damage in a rat model of acute ischemia. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 205:133-139. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.205.133
- Avci, G., Kadioglu, H., Sehirli, A. O., Bozkurt, S., Guclu, O., Arslan, E., & Muratli, S. K. (2012). Curcumin protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Surgical Research, 172(1), e39-e46.
- Singh, D., Chopra, K. (2004). The effect of naringin, a bioflavonoid on ischemia-reperfusion induced renal injury in rats. Pharmacological Research, 25:187-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2004.01.007
- Jeon, S. M., Bok, S. H., Jang, M. K., Kim, Y. H., Nam, K. T., Jeong, T. S., Park, Y. B., & Choi, M. S. (2002). Comparison of antioxidant effects of naringin and probucol in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 317(1-2), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00778-1
Öz
Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmaların çoğu, organizmada oksidatif stresin oluşturduğu zararlara çare veya önleyici olarak görev yapan bitki bazlı antioksidatif materyaller ve biyomateryaller üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Antioksidanların potansiyel düzeyini değerlendirmek için çeşitli yollar sağlayan farklı yöntemler vardır. Antioksidanlar, biyolojik hücrelerde bulunan ve canlı organizmalar üzerinde olumsuz etkiye sahip olan serbest radikalleri nötralize etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kısa süreli iskemi/reperfüzyon (I/R) ile ortaya çıkan hasarlı dokuyu tedavi eden biyomateryaller olarak bilinen naringin, silymarin ve ellagik asitlerin potansiyel koruyucu etkilerinin $in$ $vivo$ olarak incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada, 3 haftalık, klinik olarak sağlıklı, 250-300 g ağırlığında Wistar albino rat (n: 35) kullanıldı. Sıçanlardan alınan kan örneklerinde Plazma Paraoksonaz (PON), toplam sialik asit (TSA), toplam antioksidan kapasite (TAK) ve toplam oksidan kapasite (TOK), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) ve Nitrik Oksit (NO) analiz edildi. Sonuçlar, biyomateryal kullanımından sonra TSA, TOK ve NO düzeylerinin azaldığını, TAK ve PON düzeylerinin ise arttığını ortaya koymaktadır ($P$<0.05). Bu çalışma aynı zamanda silymarin, naringin ve ellagik asitlerin serbest radikal temizleyici, antiinflamatuar, radyoprotektif, antiülserojenik, analjezik ve antikarsinojenik özelliklerinin varlığını da doğruladı. Elde edilen $in$ $vivo$ sonuçlar göz önüne alındığında, $in$ $vivo$ ve $in$ $vitro$ uygulamalarda oksidatif stresin etkilerini ve düzeyini azaltmak için umut verici bir aday olarak değerlendirilebilecekleri sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Serbest radikal iskemi/reperfüzyon nitrik oksit toplam antioksidan/oksidan kapasite
Kaynakça
- Karimi, M. A., Goudarzi, M., Khodayar, M. J., Khorsandi, L., Mehrzadi, S., & Fatemi, I. (2023). Gemfibrozil palliates adriamycin-induced testicular injury in male rats via modulating oxidative, endocrine and inflammatory changes in rats. Tissue and Cell, 82, 102037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2023.102037
- Zimmerman, B.J., Granger, D.N. (1992). Reperfusion injury. Surgical Clinics of North America, 72, 65-83.
- Giorgi, A., Mingozzi, M., Madeo, M., Giovanna, S., Cocucci, M. (2009). Effect of nitrogen starvation on the phenolic metabolism and antioxidant properties of yarrow (Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb). Food Chemistry, 114, 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.039
- Innocenti, A., Gülçin, I., Scozzafava, A., Supuran, C. T. (2010). Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Antioxidant polyphenols effectively inhibit mammalian isoforms I–XV”, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20, 5050-5053, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.038
- Sharifi-Rad, J., Quispe, C., Castillo, C. M. S., Caroca, R., Lazo-Vélez, M. A., Antonyak, H., Polishchuk, A., Lysiuk, R., Oliinyk, P., De Masi, L., Bontempo, P., Martorell, M., Daştan, S. D., Rigano, D., Wink, M., & Cho, W. C. (2022). Ellagic acid: A review on its natural sources, chemical stability, and therapeutic potential. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3848084
- Shi, R., Gao, D., Stoika, R., Liu, K., Sik, A., & Jin, M. (2022). Potential implications of polyphenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2155106
- Eckerson, H. W., Romson, J. O. S. E. P. H., Wyte, C., & La Du, B. N. (1983). The human serum paraoxonase polymorphism: identification of phenotypes by their response to salts. American Journal of Human Genetics, 35(2), 214.
- Erel, O. (2004). A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clinical biochemistry, 37(4), 277-285.
- Erel, O. (2005). A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38, 1103-1111.
- Kösecik, M., Erel, O., Sevinc, E., Selek, S. (2005). Increased oxidative stress in children exposed to passive smoking. International Journal Cardiology, 100, 61-64.
- Sydow, G. (1985). A simplified quick method for determination of sialic acid in serum. Biomedica Biochimica Acta, 44(11-12), 1721-1723.
- Miranda, K. M., Espey, M. G., & Wink, D. A. (2001). A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide: Biology and Chemistry, 5(1), 62–71.
- Jung, G., Hennings, G., Pfeifer, M., & Bessler, W. G. (1983). Interaction of metal-complexing compounds with lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines. Molecular Pharmacology, 23(3), 698-702.
- Guven, A., Nur, G., & Deveci, H. A. (2019). Effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) diets against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in albino mice. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28, 6521-6527
- Liguori, I., Russo, G., Curcio, F., Bulli, G., Aran, L., Della-Morte, D., Gargiulo, G., Testa, G., Cacciatore, F., Bonaduce, D., & Abete, P. (2018). Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 757–772.
- Gupta, A., Singh, A. K., Kumar, R., Jamieson, S., Pandey, A. K., & Bishayee, A. (2021). Neuroprotective potential of ellagic acid: a critical review. Advances in Nutrition, 12(4), 1211-1238. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab007
- Alfei, S., Marengo, B., & Zuccari, G. (2020). Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capabilities, and Bioavailability: Ellagic Acid or Urolithins? Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(8), 707.
- Li, H. Y., Zhou, D. D., Gan, R. Y., Huang, S. Y., Zhao, C. N., Shang, A., Xu, X. Y., & Li, H. B. (2021). Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 13(9), 3211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093211
- Deveci, H. A., Nur, G., Ali Kırpık, M., Harmankaya, A., & Yıldız, Y. (2016). Fenolik bileşik içeren bitkisel antioksidanlar. Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 26-32.
- Sun, W., & Shahrajabian, M. H. (2023). Therapeutic potential of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants—Natural health products for human health. Molecules, 28(4), 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041845
- Deveci, H. A., Yılmaz, Ş. G., & Deveci, A. (2023). Investigation of the total phenolic compound and total antioxidant/oxidant capacity of methanol extract of Prunus divaricata var (Yonuz plum). Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 1261-1269.
- Deveci, H. A., Doğan, F. H., & Deveci, A. (2025). Investigation of the Total Antioxidant/oxidant Status, Total Phenolic Compounds, and Oxidative Stress Index in Sun-dried Vegetables: Example Gaziantep/Turkiye. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 505-518.
- Amini, N., Maleki, M., & Badavi, M. (2022). Nephroprotective activity of naringin against chemical-induced toxicity and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: A review. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 12(4), 357.
- Surai, P. F. (2015). Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives. Antioxidants, 4(1), 204-247.
- Singh, H., Singh, T., Buttar, H. S., Kaur, S., Arora, S., Télessy, I. G., & Singh, B. (2022). The Pathophysiology of Liver Disorders and Pharmacotherapy Options with Special Reference to Traditional Herbal Medicines: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedical Translational Research: Drug Design and Discovery, 549-583.
- Guven, A., Nur, G., & Deveci, H. A. (2021). Bıochemıcal and Hıstopathologıcal Profıle of the Lıver in Chemıcal Poısonıng. Guven A (Ed) Editor, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense System (123-149), Livre De Lyon, Lyon.
- Kanko, M., Maral, H., Akbas, M.H., Ozden, M., Bulbul, S., Omay, O., Yavuz, S., Berki, K.T. (2005). Protective effects of clopidogrel on oxidant damage in a rat model of acute ischemia. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 205:133-139. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.205.133
- Avci, G., Kadioglu, H., Sehirli, A. O., Bozkurt, S., Guclu, O., Arslan, E., & Muratli, S. K. (2012). Curcumin protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Surgical Research, 172(1), e39-e46.
- Singh, D., Chopra, K. (2004). The effect of naringin, a bioflavonoid on ischemia-reperfusion induced renal injury in rats. Pharmacological Research, 25:187-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2004.01.007
- Jeon, S. M., Bok, S. H., Jang, M. K., Kim, Y. H., Nam, K. T., Jeong, T. S., Park, Y. B., & Choi, M. S. (2002). Comparison of antioxidant effects of naringin and probucol in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 317(1-2), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00778-1
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Eylül 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 27 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 |
