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Examination of China-Kenya Economic Relations between 1993 and 2003

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 40 - 57, 11.04.2025

Esra Sarıoğlu , George Maangi

https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2025.34.1441597

Öz

The contemporary international system is characterized by social, economic, and political interactions. The most significant of these are economic integration and globalization, which have brought together various actors in the international system, particularly states. In this regard, states develop foreign policies that seek to achieve their respective national interests and are informed by domestic, regional, and international conditions. Economic relations are essential tools that states deploy to achieve their national interests. The People’s Republic of China has been notably effective in Africa, and its developing diplomatic and economic ties with Kenya, located in the east of Africa, have made it a vital strategic partner. Since 1978, the two countries have established strong economic relations, including bilateral trade, economic investments, and foreign aid. This study examines the economic relations between the two countries from 1993 to 2003, leading up to Kenya’s President Mwai Kibaki’s government’s adoption of the "Look East Policy." This article analyzes the initiatives and their consequences that characterized the economic relations between the two countries during the period under review. The study relies primarily on secondary data from official documents, policy documents, newspapers with the highest circulation in both countries, and scientific literature on the subject. Between 1993 and 2003, China-Kenya relations gained economic momentum, and during this decade, steps were taken to strengthen bilateral relations. Additionally, the development of diplomatic and economic relations during this period created a more significant interactions between China and Kenya. These interactions also allowed the two countries to gain economic benefits and a bond over shared interests.

Anahtar Kelimeler

China Kenya Trade Investment Foreign Aid

Kaynakça

  • BaYne, N., & Woolcock, S. (2017). What is economic diplomacy?. In The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision Making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations (pp. 17-34). Routledge. google scholar
  • Brautigam, D. (2011). The dragon's gift: the real story of China in Africa. oUP oxford. google scholar
  • Broadman, H. G. (2006). Africa's silk road: China and India's new economic frontier. World Bank. google scholar
  • Chege, M., (2008). “Economic Relations between KenYa and China, 1963-2007,” J. Cooke, US and Chinese Engagement in Africa: Prospects for Improving US-China-Africa Cooperation, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/legacY_files/files/media/csis/pubs/080603_chege_kenYachina.pdf google scholar
  • DailY Nation, (September 20, 1980). “Chinese Success Surprises KenYans,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1993, JanuarY 14). “KenYa receives aid totaling 247 million shillings” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1994, MaY 19). “KenYa receives a development loan totaling 350 million shillings” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1998a, JanuarY 30). “Road Workers on Strike,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1998b, November 14). “Foreign Investors to Revitalize KFA,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent,(2001, FebruarY 9). “China to Fund New Fruit Plant,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Kenya, “Bilateral Relations between China and Kenya,” ke.china-embassy.gov.cn, November 10, 2004, http://ke.china-embassY.gov.cn/eng/zkgx/sbjw/200411/t20041110_7129536.htm. google scholar
  • Elmi, M. A. (2012). A new approach: The impact of China’s development aid on KenYa. google scholar
  • Farooq, M. S., the Yuan, T., Zhu, J., and Feroze, N. (2018). KenYa and the 21st Century maritime silk road: implications for china-africa relations. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 4(03), pp. 401-418. google scholar
  • https://vision2030.go.ke/about-vision-2030/#:~:text=The%20aim%20of%20KenYa%20Vision,a%20clean%20and%20secure%20 environment%22. google scholar
  • Githaiga, N. M. (2021). KenYa-China Trade in manufactured goods: A competitive or complementary relationship? Open Journal of Social Sciences, 09(03), 96-117. https://doi.org/l0.4236/jss.2021.93007 google scholar
  • Jiǎng Huájié 蒋华杰. (2016). 国际冷战, 革命外交与对外援助——中国对非援助政策形成的再考察 (1956—1965). 外交评论: 外交学院学报, (5), 81-108. google scholar
  • Kamau, P., McCormick, D., and Pinaud, N., (2009, November). “The Developmental Impact of Asian Drivers on KenYa with Emphasis on Textiles and Clothing manufacturing,” World Economy 32, no. 11 1586-1612. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01251.x google scholar
  • Kaplinsky, R., McCormick, D., & Morris, M. (2007). The impact of China on sub-Saharan Africa. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/ handle/123456789/51658 google scholar
  • Ndegwa, S. “How China and KenYa are building a community with a shared future.” Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC), MaY 15, 2024. google scholar
  • Kenya News Agency, (1996, December 20). “Chinese Minister in Call on Moi,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Kenya Vision 2030. Kenya Vision 2030. Retrieved 2023-10-27. https://vision2030.go.ke/ google scholar
  • Kenya: Want Growth? Look East. African Business, 2011. 12-18. Retrieved 2023-10-27. https://african.business/2011/12/trade-investment/ kenYa-want-growth-look-east google scholar Kipngetich, J., (2008). Kenya'' s Competitiveness in Business. Investment Promotion Çenter, Nairobi. google scholar
  • Malalo, H., (1999, June). “Investors Need SecuritY, Chinese Team Tells Govt,” East African Standard. google scholar
  • McCormick, D., Winnie, M., and Manga, E., (2007). “Extent and Forms of Donor Proliferation and Çoordination in Kenya: The Çase of Inclusive Industrialization and Governance Reform, 2000-2005” (Institute for Development Studies, UniversitY of Nairobi). google scholar
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2017). “Xi Jinping Meets with President Uhuru KenYatta of KenYa,” google scholar
  • https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/gjhdq_665435/2913_665441/3014_664044/3016_664048/201705/t20170517_544729.html. google scholar
  • Morrison, W. M., & Labonte, M. (2008). China’s currencY: Economic issues and options for US trade policY. Çurrency Interventions, Fluctuations and Economic Issues, 1. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL32165.pdf google scholar
  • Muhammad S. F. et al. (2018, JanuarY). “KenYa and the the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Implications for China-Africa Relations,” Çhina Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 4, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500136. google scholar
  • Mulinge, E. (2012). An Analysis of Çhina-Kenya Bilateral Relations on Infrastructure Development. The KenYa Institute for Public PolicY Research and AnalYsis. google scholar
  • Mwangi, M. (1998, JulY 24). “DelaY in Road Work Worries Government, Bank,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Ombaba, K. M. B., Arogo, P. A., Bii, P., OmuYa, J., Ongeri, L., and Kabuka, P. O. (2012). A studY on the impact of China’s investments in Africa: the case of KenYa. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3 (5), 529-537. google scholar
  • Nation News. (1996, December 18). “KenYa Woos Chinese Traders,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Nation Reporter. (1998a , January 30). “Repairs at KNH to End in April,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Nation Reporter. (1998b, July 25). “China Gives Kenya Sh 262 Million Loan,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Nduati, S. (1993. December 1). “China Assists Kenya,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • News Highlights. (1999, January 7). “China Pledges to Assist,” East African Standard. google scholar
  • Ngigi, D. (1996, December 17). “Fair Trade Links with China Vital - Owango,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Njuguna, A. (2010, November 2) “China Firms Outmuscling Kenyan Ones on Road Projects,” Reuters. Top News, https://www.reuters.com/ article/ozatp-kenYa-roads-20101102-idAFJOE6A10L520101102. google scholar
  • Onditi, A. (1996, June 28). “China to Co-Fund Sh986m Glass Firm,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Onjala, J. (2008). A scoping study on Çhina-Africa economic relations: The case of Kenya. google scholar
  • Otele, M. O., China-Kenya relations: Economic Benefits Set Against Regional Risks. Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) Aug 18, 2022. google scholar
  • Patroba, H. (2012). China in KenYa: addressing counterfeit goods and construction sector imbalances. South African Institute of In-ternational Affairs. https://africaportal.org/publication/china-in-kenYa-addressing-counterfeit-goods-and-construction-sector-imbalances/ google scholar
  • Radelet, S. (2006). A primer on foreign aid. Çenter for Global Development working paper, (92). google scholar
  • Standard Team and PPS. (2002, April 25) “China PM Pledges Aid,” East African Standard. google scholar
  • Sun, J. Y. (2023). Kenya’s and Zambia’s relations with Çhina 1949-2019 (Vol. 57). BoYdell and Brewer. google scholar
  • Tripathi, A., Sondhi, H. S., DubeY, S., & Zomuanpuii, Z. (2021). China’s Pivot to KenYa: Challenges for KenYa behind COVID and BRI for its ‘Vision 2030’. Artha Journal of Social Sciences, 20(3), 71-91. https://doi.org/10.12724/ajss.58.4 google scholar
  • Tull, D. M. (2006). China's engagement in Africa: scope, significance and consequences.’ The Journal of Modern African Studies, 44 (3), 459-479. google scholar
  • Xinhua News AgencY, CEIS; Woodside. (1998). “KenYa Exports Ostriches to China,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (1999, April 28). “Sino-Kenyan Economic Cooperation Document Signed,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (1999a, June 2). “KenYa, China Hold Business Talks,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (1999b, June 2). “KenYa Values Sino-KenYan Economic Ties,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (2000a, March 3). “China to Expand Cooperation with KenYa in Road Building,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (2000b, November 6). “KenYa, China Cooperate on Solar EnergY Program,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (2001, October 25). “Kenya Launches Prepaid Calling-Card System,” Xinhua News Agency google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency. (2003, December 11). “Kenya, the China Mark 40-Year Diplomatic Ties,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency. (2017, May 15). “Xi says China willing to boost bilateral ties with Kenya to new stages,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 40 - 57, 11.04.2025

Esra Sarıoğlu , George Maangi

https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2025.34.1441597

Öz

Kaynakça

  • BaYne, N., & Woolcock, S. (2017). What is economic diplomacy?. In The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision Making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations (pp. 17-34). Routledge. google scholar
  • Brautigam, D. (2011). The dragon's gift: the real story of China in Africa. oUP oxford. google scholar
  • Broadman, H. G. (2006). Africa's silk road: China and India's new economic frontier. World Bank. google scholar
  • Chege, M., (2008). “Economic Relations between KenYa and China, 1963-2007,” J. Cooke, US and Chinese Engagement in Africa: Prospects for Improving US-China-Africa Cooperation, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/legacY_files/files/media/csis/pubs/080603_chege_kenYachina.pdf google scholar
  • DailY Nation, (September 20, 1980). “Chinese Success Surprises KenYans,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1993, JanuarY 14). “KenYa receives aid totaling 247 million shillings” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1994, MaY 19). “KenYa receives a development loan totaling 350 million shillings” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1998a, JanuarY 30). “Road Workers on Strike,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent, (1998b, November 14). “Foreign Investors to Revitalize KFA,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • DailY Nation Correspondent,(2001, FebruarY 9). “China to Fund New Fruit Plant,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Kenya, “Bilateral Relations between China and Kenya,” ke.china-embassy.gov.cn, November 10, 2004, http://ke.china-embassY.gov.cn/eng/zkgx/sbjw/200411/t20041110_7129536.htm. google scholar
  • Elmi, M. A. (2012). A new approach: The impact of China’s development aid on KenYa. google scholar
  • Farooq, M. S., the Yuan, T., Zhu, J., and Feroze, N. (2018). KenYa and the 21st Century maritime silk road: implications for china-africa relations. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 4(03), pp. 401-418. google scholar
  • https://vision2030.go.ke/about-vision-2030/#:~:text=The%20aim%20of%20KenYa%20Vision,a%20clean%20and%20secure%20 environment%22. google scholar
  • Githaiga, N. M. (2021). KenYa-China Trade in manufactured goods: A competitive or complementary relationship? Open Journal of Social Sciences, 09(03), 96-117. https://doi.org/l0.4236/jss.2021.93007 google scholar
  • Jiǎng Huájié 蒋华杰. (2016). 国际冷战, 革命外交与对外援助——中国对非援助政策形成的再考察 (1956—1965). 外交评论: 外交学院学报, (5), 81-108. google scholar
  • Kamau, P., McCormick, D., and Pinaud, N., (2009, November). “The Developmental Impact of Asian Drivers on KenYa with Emphasis on Textiles and Clothing manufacturing,” World Economy 32, no. 11 1586-1612. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01251.x google scholar
  • Kaplinsky, R., McCormick, D., & Morris, M. (2007). The impact of China on sub-Saharan Africa. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/ handle/123456789/51658 google scholar
  • Ndegwa, S. “How China and KenYa are building a community with a shared future.” Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC), MaY 15, 2024. google scholar
  • Kenya News Agency, (1996, December 20). “Chinese Minister in Call on Moi,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Kenya Vision 2030. Kenya Vision 2030. Retrieved 2023-10-27. https://vision2030.go.ke/ google scholar
  • Kenya: Want Growth? Look East. African Business, 2011. 12-18. Retrieved 2023-10-27. https://african.business/2011/12/trade-investment/ kenYa-want-growth-look-east google scholar Kipngetich, J., (2008). Kenya'' s Competitiveness in Business. Investment Promotion Çenter, Nairobi. google scholar
  • Malalo, H., (1999, June). “Investors Need SecuritY, Chinese Team Tells Govt,” East African Standard. google scholar
  • McCormick, D., Winnie, M., and Manga, E., (2007). “Extent and Forms of Donor Proliferation and Çoordination in Kenya: The Çase of Inclusive Industrialization and Governance Reform, 2000-2005” (Institute for Development Studies, UniversitY of Nairobi). google scholar
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2017). “Xi Jinping Meets with President Uhuru KenYatta of KenYa,” google scholar
  • https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/gjhdq_665435/2913_665441/3014_664044/3016_664048/201705/t20170517_544729.html. google scholar
  • Morrison, W. M., & Labonte, M. (2008). China’s currencY: Economic issues and options for US trade policY. Çurrency Interventions, Fluctuations and Economic Issues, 1. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL32165.pdf google scholar
  • Muhammad S. F. et al. (2018, JanuarY). “KenYa and the the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Implications for China-Africa Relations,” Çhina Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 4, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500136. google scholar
  • Mulinge, E. (2012). An Analysis of Çhina-Kenya Bilateral Relations on Infrastructure Development. The KenYa Institute for Public PolicY Research and AnalYsis. google scholar
  • Mwangi, M. (1998, JulY 24). “DelaY in Road Work Worries Government, Bank,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Ombaba, K. M. B., Arogo, P. A., Bii, P., OmuYa, J., Ongeri, L., and Kabuka, P. O. (2012). A studY on the impact of China’s investments in Africa: the case of KenYa. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3 (5), 529-537. google scholar
  • Nation News. (1996, December 18). “KenYa Woos Chinese Traders,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Nation Reporter. (1998a , January 30). “Repairs at KNH to End in April,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Nation Reporter. (1998b, July 25). “China Gives Kenya Sh 262 Million Loan,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Nduati, S. (1993. December 1). “China Assists Kenya,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • News Highlights. (1999, January 7). “China Pledges to Assist,” East African Standard. google scholar
  • Ngigi, D. (1996, December 17). “Fair Trade Links with China Vital - Owango,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Njuguna, A. (2010, November 2) “China Firms Outmuscling Kenyan Ones on Road Projects,” Reuters. Top News, https://www.reuters.com/ article/ozatp-kenYa-roads-20101102-idAFJOE6A10L520101102. google scholar
  • Onditi, A. (1996, June 28). “China to Co-Fund Sh986m Glass Firm,” Daily Nation. google scholar
  • Onjala, J. (2008). A scoping study on Çhina-Africa economic relations: The case of Kenya. google scholar
  • Otele, M. O., China-Kenya relations: Economic Benefits Set Against Regional Risks. Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) Aug 18, 2022. google scholar
  • Patroba, H. (2012). China in KenYa: addressing counterfeit goods and construction sector imbalances. South African Institute of In-ternational Affairs. https://africaportal.org/publication/china-in-kenYa-addressing-counterfeit-goods-and-construction-sector-imbalances/ google scholar
  • Radelet, S. (2006). A primer on foreign aid. Çenter for Global Development working paper, (92). google scholar
  • Standard Team and PPS. (2002, April 25) “China PM Pledges Aid,” East African Standard. google scholar
  • Sun, J. Y. (2023). Kenya’s and Zambia’s relations with Çhina 1949-2019 (Vol. 57). BoYdell and Brewer. google scholar
  • Tripathi, A., Sondhi, H. S., DubeY, S., & Zomuanpuii, Z. (2021). China’s Pivot to KenYa: Challenges for KenYa behind COVID and BRI for its ‘Vision 2030’. Artha Journal of Social Sciences, 20(3), 71-91. https://doi.org/10.12724/ajss.58.4 google scholar
  • Tull, D. M. (2006). China's engagement in Africa: scope, significance and consequences.’ The Journal of Modern African Studies, 44 (3), 459-479. google scholar
  • Xinhua News AgencY, CEIS; Woodside. (1998). “KenYa Exports Ostriches to China,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (1999, April 28). “Sino-Kenyan Economic Cooperation Document Signed,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (1999a, June 2). “KenYa, China Hold Business Talks,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (1999b, June 2). “KenYa Values Sino-KenYan Economic Ties,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (2000a, March 3). “China to Expand Cooperation with KenYa in Road Building,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (2000b, November 6). “KenYa, China Cooperate on Solar EnergY Program,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency, CEIS; Woodside. (2001, October 25). “Kenya Launches Prepaid Calling-Card System,” Xinhua News Agency google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency. (2003, December 11). “Kenya, the China Mark 40-Year Diplomatic Ties,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
  • Xinhua News Agency. (2017, May 15). “Xi says China willing to boost bilateral ties with Kenya to new stages,” Xinhua News Agency. google scholar
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Esra Sarıoğlu 0000-0002-9049-3069

George Maangi 0009-0005-8641-438X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarıoğlu, E., & Maangi, G. (2025). Examination of China-Kenya Economic Relations between 1993 and 2003. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 34(1), 40-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2025.34.1441597
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