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From Neighbors to Potential Members: Is the War in Ukraine a Critical Juncture for the European Union’s Enlargement Policy?

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 29 - 39, 11.04.2025

Seven Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2025.34.1476602

Öz

In the aftermath of the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine (the Associated Trio) immediately submitted their applications for membership of the European Union (EU). In response to the Associated Trio’s formal membership applications, the EU granted candidate status to Moldova and Ukraine in 2022 and to Georgia in 2023. In doing so, the EU has made clear that it is prepared to offer more than symbolic solidarity to neighbors invaded or threatened by Russian aggression. This article critically examines the implications of the war in Ukraine for EU enlargement policy. It seeks to determine whether the inclusion of the Associated Trio in the enlargement agenda symbolizes a shift in the EU's overall approach to enlargement. This article uses historical institutionalism’s critical juncture concept as a theoretical framework. Throughout the study, a qualitative method is used to analyze the EU's official documents and the available literature in a descriptive and interpretive way. The article concludes that the EU's decision to rethink its long-fatigued enlargement policy following the war in Ukraine appears to be a critical juncture that holds the potential to shape the future landscape of enlargement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union Enlargement Policy War in Ukraine Associated Trio

Kaynakça

  • Alesina, M. (2022). Staged Integration for Future EU Enlargement: Geopolitical Imperatives and Liberal Leadership. EU Policy Review, 2, 135-149. google scholar
  • Anghel, V. & J. Dzankic. (2023). Wartime EU: consequences of Russia- Ukraine war on the enlargement process. Journal of European Integration, 45(3), 487-501. google scholar
  • Bechev, D. (2022). What Has Stopped EU Enlargement in the Western Balkans?. Carniege, Europe. https://carnegieeurope.eu/2022/06/ 20/what-has-stopped-eu-enlargement-in-western-balkans-pub-87348 google scholar
  • Belle, D. J. (2022, November 28). ‘Western Balkans frustration at the EU reaches boiling point’, The Brussels Times, October 31, 2018. https://www.brusselstimes.com/244437/westernbalkans-frustrated-as-ukraine-gets-eu-candidate-citizenship-within-months google scholar
  • Berntzen, E. (2020). Historical and Longitudinal Analyses. In D.B. Schlosser, B. Badie and L. Morlino (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Political Science (pp. 390-405). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. google scholar
  • Börzel, T. A., Dimitrova, A., & Schimmelfennig, F. (2017). European Union enlargement and integration capacity: concepts, findings, and policy implications. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(2), 157-176. google scholar
  • Camille, G. (2022). Western Balkans leaders fume after summit fails to unblock EU bids. Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/ western-bal kan-lea der-fuming-bulgaria-veto-deadlock-summit/ google scholar
  • Capoccia, G. & Kelemen, R. D. (2007). The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism. World Politics, 59(3), 341-369. google scholar
  • Capoccia, G. (2016). Critical Junctures. O. Fioretos, T. G. Falleti and A. Sheingate (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism (pp. 95-108). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Collier, R. B. & Collier, D. (1991). Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • M. K. D. Cross & Karolewski, I. P. (2017). The Type of Power that the EU Exercised in the Ukraine- Russia Crisis? A Framework of Analysis. Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(1), 3-19. google scholar
  • Dabrowski, M. (2022). Toward a New Eastern Enlargement of the EU and Beyond. Intereconomics, 57(4), 209-212. google scholar
  • Domaradzki, S. (2023). EU Enlargement and Geopolitics: Is it Relevant Today?. Journal for Politics, Gender, and Culture, 20(1-2), 20-30. google scholar
  • Donatella, D. P. et. al. (2020). Discursive Turns and Critical Junctures: Debating Citizenship after the Charlie Hebdo Attacks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Dubsky, Z, Kocî, K. & Votoupalovâ, M. (2024). Enlargement of the EU toward the East: A Pivotal Change in the EU’s External Policy?. Politics and Governance, 12. google scholar
  • Economides, S. & Featherstone, K. & Hunter, T. (2024). The Changing Discourses of EU Enlargement: A Longitudinal Analysis of National Parliamentary Debates. Journal of Common Market Studies, 62(1), 168-185. google scholar
  • Elsuwegeand, P. V. & Loo, G. V. D. (2017). Continuity and Change in the Legal Relationship Between the EU and Its Neighbors: A Result of Path Dependency and Spill-over Effects. In D. Bouris and T. Schumacher (Eds.), The Revised European Neighborhood Policy (pp. 97-116), London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Emerson, M., et al. (2006) ‘Just What Is This “Absorption Capacity” of the European Union?’. CEPS Policy Brief, 113. google scholar
  • Emerson, M. & Blockmans, S. (2022). Next Steps for EU Enlargement: Forwards or Backwards?. SCEEUS guest report, (2017). google scholar
  • Eriş, Ö. Ü. (2012). European Neighborhood Policy as a tool for stabilizing Europe’s Neighborhood. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 12(2), 243-260. google scholar
  • European Commission. (2022a, June 17). Opinions on EU membership applications. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/ factsheet-european-commission-opinions-eu-membership-applications_en google scholar
  • --. (2022b, July 19). News Article. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/first-intergovernmental-conferences-albania-and-north-macedonia-kick-start-accession-negotiation-2022-07-19_en google scholar
  • --. (2022c, December 6). News Article. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-western-balkans-summit-tirana-reaffirms-eu-membership-perspective-western-balkans-and-eus-2022-12-06_en google scholar
  • European Council. (2022a, March 11). Informal Meeting of the Heads of State or Government: Versailles Declaration. https://www. consilium.europa.eu/media/54773/20220311-versailles-declaration-en.pdf google scholar
  • --. (2022b, June 23-24). Conclusions. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/57442/2022-06-2324-euco-conclusions-en.pdf google scholar
  • --. (2023a, December 14-15). Conclusions. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/68967/europeancouncilconclusions-14-15-12-2023-en.pdf google scholar
  • --. (2023b, October 6). The Granada Declaration. Available online: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/10/ 06/granada-declaration/ google scholar
  • European Union. (2022). Strategic Compass. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/strategic-compass-security-and-defence-1_en google scholar
  • Ewing, B. & Krawatzek, F. (2022). Critical junctures beyond the black box: The crisis and the political contestation of time. Journal of Language and Politics, 22(1), 22-45. google scholar
  • Gaarmann, M. W. (2023). Countering Geopolitical Competition in the Western Balkans: the EU, Russia, and China. Foreign Policy Review, 16(1), 67-77. google scholar
  • General Affairs Council. (2022, December 13). Main Results. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/gac/2022/12/13/ google scholar
  • Grabbe, H. (2006). The EU’s Transformative Power: Europeanisation Through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Hartel, A. (2024). Ukraine and the EU: Enlargement without Alternative?. UKrainian Analytical Digest, 4, 14-18. google scholar
  • Haydu, J. (1998). Using the Past: Time Periods as Cases to Compare and as Sequences of Problem-Solving. American Journal of Sociology, 104, 339-371. google scholar
  • Hillion, C. (2010). The Creeping Nationalization of the EU Enlargement Policy. SIEPS Paper, 6. google scholar
  • Hogan, J. (2019). The Critical Juncture Concept’s Evolving Capacity to Explain Policy Change. European Policy Analysis, 5(2), 170-189. google scholar
  • Ikani, N. (2019). Change and Continuity in the European Neighborhood Policy: The Ukraine Crisis as a Critical Juncture, Geopolitics, 24(1), 20-50. google scholar
  • --. (2021). Crisis and change in European Union foreign policy. Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Jacimovic, D. & Y. Shaipova. (2023). New Approach to EU Enlargement. ELF Discussion Paper, 6. google scholar
  • Karjalainen, T. (2023). ‘EU enlargement in wartime Europe: three dimensions and scenarios. Contemporary Social Science, 18(5), 637-656. google scholar
  • Katznelson, I. (2014). Periodization and Preferences: Reflections on Purposive Action in Comparative Historical Social Science. Rueschemeyer (Eds.), Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences (pp. 270-302). Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Kaveshnikov, N. Y. (2022). Ukraine’s Membership Application As a Trigger to Reform the EU Enlargement Policy. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 92(7), 651-659. google scholar
  • Keohane, R. O. (2008). Big Questions in the Study of World Politics. In C. ReusSmit and D. Snidal (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Relatlons (pp. 708-715). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Krisch, N. & Yıldız, E. (2023). The Many Paths of Change in International Law. In N. Krisch & E. Yıldız (Eds.), The Many Paths of Change in International Law (pp. 3-32). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Leyen, U. V. D. (2022a, June 17). Statement by the President: Opinions on EU membership. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/statement_22_3822 google scholar
  • --. (2022b, September 14). State of the Union Address. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/ov/speech_22_5493 google scholar
  • Lippert, B. (2022). “Ukraine’s membership bid puts pressure on the European Union: A security policy flanking, not a revision of EU enlargement policy, is advisable. SWP Comment, 21. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M., & Rokkan, S. (1967). Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments: An Introduction. In S. M. Lipset and S. Rokkan (Eds.), Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives (pp. 1-64). New York: Free Press. google scholar
  • Mahoney, J. 2001. Path-Dependent Explanations of Regime Change: Central America in Comparative Perspective. Studies in Comparative International Development, 36, 111-141. google scholar
  • --. (2002). The Legacies of Liberalism’s Path Dependence and Political Regimes in Central America. Johns Hopkins University Press. google scholar
  • Moravcsik, A. (2016). Why a Europe-Led Geo-Economic Strategy is Succeeding. German Marshall Fund of the United States Report. https://www.gmfus.org/news/lessons-ukraine-why-europe-led-geo-economic-strategy-succeeding google scholar
  • Nakashidze, M. (2024). Transformations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine Toward EU Membership. A. Mihr & C. Pierobon (Eds.), Polar-ization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance (pp. 195-211), Springer. google scholar
  • O’Brennan, J. (2014). ‘On the Slow Train to Nowhere?’ The European Union,‘Enlargement Fatigue’ and the Western Balkans. European Foreign Affairs Review, 19(2), 221-242. google scholar
  • Pierson, P. (2004). Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Rabinovych, M. & Pintsch, A. (2024). From the 2014 Annexation of Crimea to the 2022 Russian War on Ukraine: Path Dependence and Socialization in EU- Ukraine Relations. Journal of Common Market Studies. google scholar
  • Rhinard, M. (2019). The Crisisification of Policy-making in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 57(3), 616-633. google scholar
  • Samadashvili, S. (2022). EU membership or oligarchic rule: The choice facing Georgia. European View, 21(2), 206-213. google scholar
  • Sapir, A. (2022). Ukraine and the EU: Enlargement at a New Crossroads. Intereconomics, 57(4), 213-217. google scholar
  • Schimmelfennig, F. & Winzen, T. (2017). Eastern enlargement and differentiated integration: Toward normalization. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(2), 239-258. google scholar
  • Sjursen, H. (2012). A Certain Sense of Europe?. European Societies, 14(4), 502-521. google scholar
  • Slater, D., & Simmons, E. (2010). Informative Regression: Critical antecedents in comparative politics. Comparative Political Studies, 43(7), 886-917. google scholar
  • Smith, K. E. (2021). Emotions and EU foreign policy. International Affairs, 97(2), 287-304. google scholar
  • Soifer, H. D. (2012). The Causal Logic of Critical Junctures. Comparative Political Studies, 45(12), 1572-1597. google scholar
  • Sorensen, A. (2023). Taking critical junctures seriously: theory and method for causal analysis of rapid institutional change. Planning Perspectives, 38(5), 929-947. google scholar
  • Stockemer, D. (2023). The Russia-Ukraine War: A Good Case Study for Students to Learn and Apply the Critical Juncture Framework. Journal of Political Science Education. google scholar
  • Szotucha, A. (2010). The EU and Enlargement Fatigue: Why has the EU not been able to counter enlargement fatigue?. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 6(1), 107-122. google scholar
  • Zeitlin, J., Nicoli F. & Laffan, B. (2019). Introduction: The European Union beyond the polycrisis? Integration and politicization in an age of shifting cleavages. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(7), 963-976. google scholar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 29 - 39, 11.04.2025

Seven Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2025.34.1476602

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alesina, M. (2022). Staged Integration for Future EU Enlargement: Geopolitical Imperatives and Liberal Leadership. EU Policy Review, 2, 135-149. google scholar
  • Anghel, V. & J. Dzankic. (2023). Wartime EU: consequences of Russia- Ukraine war on the enlargement process. Journal of European Integration, 45(3), 487-501. google scholar
  • Bechev, D. (2022). What Has Stopped EU Enlargement in the Western Balkans?. Carniege, Europe. https://carnegieeurope.eu/2022/06/ 20/what-has-stopped-eu-enlargement-in-western-balkans-pub-87348 google scholar
  • Belle, D. J. (2022, November 28). ‘Western Balkans frustration at the EU reaches boiling point’, The Brussels Times, October 31, 2018. https://www.brusselstimes.com/244437/westernbalkans-frustrated-as-ukraine-gets-eu-candidate-citizenship-within-months google scholar
  • Berntzen, E. (2020). Historical and Longitudinal Analyses. In D.B. Schlosser, B. Badie and L. Morlino (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Political Science (pp. 390-405). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. google scholar
  • Börzel, T. A., Dimitrova, A., & Schimmelfennig, F. (2017). European Union enlargement and integration capacity: concepts, findings, and policy implications. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(2), 157-176. google scholar
  • Camille, G. (2022). Western Balkans leaders fume after summit fails to unblock EU bids. Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/ western-bal kan-lea der-fuming-bulgaria-veto-deadlock-summit/ google scholar
  • Capoccia, G. & Kelemen, R. D. (2007). The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism. World Politics, 59(3), 341-369. google scholar
  • Capoccia, G. (2016). Critical Junctures. O. Fioretos, T. G. Falleti and A. Sheingate (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism (pp. 95-108). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Collier, R. B. & Collier, D. (1991). Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • M. K. D. Cross & Karolewski, I. P. (2017). The Type of Power that the EU Exercised in the Ukraine- Russia Crisis? A Framework of Analysis. Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(1), 3-19. google scholar
  • Dabrowski, M. (2022). Toward a New Eastern Enlargement of the EU and Beyond. Intereconomics, 57(4), 209-212. google scholar
  • Domaradzki, S. (2023). EU Enlargement and Geopolitics: Is it Relevant Today?. Journal for Politics, Gender, and Culture, 20(1-2), 20-30. google scholar
  • Donatella, D. P. et. al. (2020). Discursive Turns and Critical Junctures: Debating Citizenship after the Charlie Hebdo Attacks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Dubsky, Z, Kocî, K. & Votoupalovâ, M. (2024). Enlargement of the EU toward the East: A Pivotal Change in the EU’s External Policy?. Politics and Governance, 12. google scholar
  • Economides, S. & Featherstone, K. & Hunter, T. (2024). The Changing Discourses of EU Enlargement: A Longitudinal Analysis of National Parliamentary Debates. Journal of Common Market Studies, 62(1), 168-185. google scholar
  • Elsuwegeand, P. V. & Loo, G. V. D. (2017). Continuity and Change in the Legal Relationship Between the EU and Its Neighbors: A Result of Path Dependency and Spill-over Effects. In D. Bouris and T. Schumacher (Eds.), The Revised European Neighborhood Policy (pp. 97-116), London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Emerson, M., et al. (2006) ‘Just What Is This “Absorption Capacity” of the European Union?’. CEPS Policy Brief, 113. google scholar
  • Emerson, M. & Blockmans, S. (2022). Next Steps for EU Enlargement: Forwards or Backwards?. SCEEUS guest report, (2017). google scholar
  • Eriş, Ö. Ü. (2012). European Neighborhood Policy as a tool for stabilizing Europe’s Neighborhood. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 12(2), 243-260. google scholar
  • European Commission. (2022a, June 17). Opinions on EU membership applications. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/ factsheet-european-commission-opinions-eu-membership-applications_en google scholar
  • --. (2022b, July 19). News Article. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/first-intergovernmental-conferences-albania-and-north-macedonia-kick-start-accession-negotiation-2022-07-19_en google scholar
  • --. (2022c, December 6). News Article. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-western-balkans-summit-tirana-reaffirms-eu-membership-perspective-western-balkans-and-eus-2022-12-06_en google scholar
  • European Council. (2022a, March 11). Informal Meeting of the Heads of State or Government: Versailles Declaration. https://www. consilium.europa.eu/media/54773/20220311-versailles-declaration-en.pdf google scholar
  • --. (2022b, June 23-24). Conclusions. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/57442/2022-06-2324-euco-conclusions-en.pdf google scholar
  • --. (2023a, December 14-15). Conclusions. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/68967/europeancouncilconclusions-14-15-12-2023-en.pdf google scholar
  • --. (2023b, October 6). The Granada Declaration. Available online: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/10/ 06/granada-declaration/ google scholar
  • European Union. (2022). Strategic Compass. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/strategic-compass-security-and-defence-1_en google scholar
  • Ewing, B. & Krawatzek, F. (2022). Critical junctures beyond the black box: The crisis and the political contestation of time. Journal of Language and Politics, 22(1), 22-45. google scholar
  • Gaarmann, M. W. (2023). Countering Geopolitical Competition in the Western Balkans: the EU, Russia, and China. Foreign Policy Review, 16(1), 67-77. google scholar
  • General Affairs Council. (2022, December 13). Main Results. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/gac/2022/12/13/ google scholar
  • Grabbe, H. (2006). The EU’s Transformative Power: Europeanisation Through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Hartel, A. (2024). Ukraine and the EU: Enlargement without Alternative?. UKrainian Analytical Digest, 4, 14-18. google scholar
  • Haydu, J. (1998). Using the Past: Time Periods as Cases to Compare and as Sequences of Problem-Solving. American Journal of Sociology, 104, 339-371. google scholar
  • Hillion, C. (2010). The Creeping Nationalization of the EU Enlargement Policy. SIEPS Paper, 6. google scholar
  • Hogan, J. (2019). The Critical Juncture Concept’s Evolving Capacity to Explain Policy Change. European Policy Analysis, 5(2), 170-189. google scholar
  • Ikani, N. (2019). Change and Continuity in the European Neighborhood Policy: The Ukraine Crisis as a Critical Juncture, Geopolitics, 24(1), 20-50. google scholar
  • --. (2021). Crisis and change in European Union foreign policy. Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Jacimovic, D. & Y. Shaipova. (2023). New Approach to EU Enlargement. ELF Discussion Paper, 6. google scholar
  • Karjalainen, T. (2023). ‘EU enlargement in wartime Europe: three dimensions and scenarios. Contemporary Social Science, 18(5), 637-656. google scholar
  • Katznelson, I. (2014). Periodization and Preferences: Reflections on Purposive Action in Comparative Historical Social Science. Rueschemeyer (Eds.), Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences (pp. 270-302). Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Kaveshnikov, N. Y. (2022). Ukraine’s Membership Application As a Trigger to Reform the EU Enlargement Policy. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 92(7), 651-659. google scholar
  • Keohane, R. O. (2008). Big Questions in the Study of World Politics. In C. ReusSmit and D. Snidal (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Relatlons (pp. 708-715). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Krisch, N. & Yıldız, E. (2023). The Many Paths of Change in International Law. In N. Krisch & E. Yıldız (Eds.), The Many Paths of Change in International Law (pp. 3-32). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Leyen, U. V. D. (2022a, June 17). Statement by the President: Opinions on EU membership. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/statement_22_3822 google scholar
  • --. (2022b, September 14). State of the Union Address. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/ov/speech_22_5493 google scholar
  • Lippert, B. (2022). “Ukraine’s membership bid puts pressure on the European Union: A security policy flanking, not a revision of EU enlargement policy, is advisable. SWP Comment, 21. google scholar
  • Lipset, S. M., & Rokkan, S. (1967). Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments: An Introduction. In S. M. Lipset and S. Rokkan (Eds.), Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives (pp. 1-64). New York: Free Press. google scholar
  • Mahoney, J. 2001. Path-Dependent Explanations of Regime Change: Central America in Comparative Perspective. Studies in Comparative International Development, 36, 111-141. google scholar
  • --. (2002). The Legacies of Liberalism’s Path Dependence and Political Regimes in Central America. Johns Hopkins University Press. google scholar
  • Moravcsik, A. (2016). Why a Europe-Led Geo-Economic Strategy is Succeeding. German Marshall Fund of the United States Report. https://www.gmfus.org/news/lessons-ukraine-why-europe-led-geo-economic-strategy-succeeding google scholar
  • Nakashidze, M. (2024). Transformations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine Toward EU Membership. A. Mihr & C. Pierobon (Eds.), Polar-ization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance (pp. 195-211), Springer. google scholar
  • O’Brennan, J. (2014). ‘On the Slow Train to Nowhere?’ The European Union,‘Enlargement Fatigue’ and the Western Balkans. European Foreign Affairs Review, 19(2), 221-242. google scholar
  • Pierson, P. (2004). Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Rabinovych, M. & Pintsch, A. (2024). From the 2014 Annexation of Crimea to the 2022 Russian War on Ukraine: Path Dependence and Socialization in EU- Ukraine Relations. Journal of Common Market Studies. google scholar
  • Rhinard, M. (2019). The Crisisification of Policy-making in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 57(3), 616-633. google scholar
  • Samadashvili, S. (2022). EU membership or oligarchic rule: The choice facing Georgia. European View, 21(2), 206-213. google scholar
  • Sapir, A. (2022). Ukraine and the EU: Enlargement at a New Crossroads. Intereconomics, 57(4), 213-217. google scholar
  • Schimmelfennig, F. & Winzen, T. (2017). Eastern enlargement and differentiated integration: Toward normalization. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(2), 239-258. google scholar
  • Sjursen, H. (2012). A Certain Sense of Europe?. European Societies, 14(4), 502-521. google scholar
  • Slater, D., & Simmons, E. (2010). Informative Regression: Critical antecedents in comparative politics. Comparative Political Studies, 43(7), 886-917. google scholar
  • Smith, K. E. (2021). Emotions and EU foreign policy. International Affairs, 97(2), 287-304. google scholar
  • Soifer, H. D. (2012). The Causal Logic of Critical Junctures. Comparative Political Studies, 45(12), 1572-1597. google scholar
  • Sorensen, A. (2023). Taking critical junctures seriously: theory and method for causal analysis of rapid institutional change. Planning Perspectives, 38(5), 929-947. google scholar
  • Stockemer, D. (2023). The Russia-Ukraine War: A Good Case Study for Students to Learn and Apply the Critical Juncture Framework. Journal of Political Science Education. google scholar
  • Szotucha, A. (2010). The EU and Enlargement Fatigue: Why has the EU not been able to counter enlargement fatigue?. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 6(1), 107-122. google scholar
  • Zeitlin, J., Nicoli F. & Laffan, B. (2019). Introduction: The European Union beyond the polycrisis? Integration and politicization in an age of shifting cleavages. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(7), 963-976. google scholar
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seven Erdoğan 0000-0001-9991-2074

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğan, S. (2025). From Neighbors to Potential Members: Is the War in Ukraine a Critical Juncture for the European Union’s Enlargement Policy?. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 34(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2025.34.1476602
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