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Fiber yield-Boron relationship in industrial hemp

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 53 - 61, 15.06.2025

Esat Tokgöz , Kutluhan Güngör , Hanife Akça , Mehmet İpek , Mehmet Satı Sezer , Mert Durmuş , Süleyman Taban

https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1695753

Öz

The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L, cv: Vezir) grown in boron (B) deficient areas to boron application and to determine the effects of B application on the growth and fiber yield of industrial hemp. The field experiment conducted with industrial hemp plants was carried out on the date of 23.04.2023 within the borders of Kızılcaörhen village, Taşköprü-Kastamonu region, in the producer's field (41.51126 N, 34.02726 E, altitude 708 m) according to the randomized block trial design with three replications. In the experiment, Etidot-67 (Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate, Na3B8O13.4H2O) fertilizer containing 20.8% B was applied to the soil as 0 (control), 0.2 and 0.4 kg B da-1 B and the B fertilizers in solution form were sprayed homogeneously on the soil surface and also mixed well with the soil using a hoe. According to the soil analysis results, 8 kg N da-1, 8 kg P2O5 da-1 and 8 kg K2O da-1 15-15-15 fertilizer was applied together with planting, and 4 kg N da-1 urea fertilizer was applied as top dressing on the date of 20.05.2023 when the plants reached approximately 30 cm in height. As a result of the measurements and plant analyses made on the plants obtained after harvest, it was determined that the fresh and dry weight, plant height and technical stem length of the industrial hemp plant increased depending on the B applied and that B fertilization was effective on these parameters. When 0.4 mg B kg-1 was applied to the control application, there was an increase of 28.8% in fresh weight, 27.2% in dry weight, 73.5% in fiber yield and 41.2% in fiber ratio. When 0.4 mg B kg-1 was applied compared to the control, plant height increased by 20.7% and technical stem length increased by 24.4%. When B was not applied, the boron concentration in the leaves and fibers of the industrial hemp plant was determined to be below the critical concentration (< 20 mg B kg-1). In contrast, when 0.4 kg B da-1 was applied, the B concentration in the leaves and fibers increased. The boron deficiency determined in the leaves of the industrial hemp plant increased to normal levels with B application.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stem yield fiber yield boron concentration

Kaynakça

  • Amaducci S, Errani M, Venturi G. 2002. Plant Population Effects on Fibre Hemp Morphology and Production. Journal of Industrial Hemp 7 (2), 33–60. https:// doi.org/10.1300/J237v07n02_04.
  • Amaducci S, Zata A, Pelai F, Venturi G. 2008. Influence of agronomic factors on yield and quality of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fiber and implication for an innovative production system. Field Crops Research, 107, 161–169.
  • Anonim, 2024. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Bülteni. https://data.tuik.gov.tr › Bulten (0ZWGbtzUJPOLiZaPEN3FrS5IXLkMvvziijysZc4svxIl4aYVWyPD9C6cwaqWqeKG)
  • Anonim, 2025. Resmi İstatistikler. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=undefined&m=KASTAMONU. Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2025.
  • Anonymous, 2023. How to spot and correct a boron deficiency in cannabis plants. By Organitek. https://organitek.com/cannabis-boron-deficiency/ (Erişim tarihi 27.04.2025)
  • Anonymous, 1951. Soil Survey Manual. U.S.D.A. Handbook No:18.
  • Bingham FT. 1982. Boron. pp. 431-447. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Page, A. L.,Miller, R.H., and Keeney, D. R. (eds), Part 2. Madison.
  • Bouyoucos GJ. 1951 A recalibration of the hydrometer for marking mechanical analysis of soil, Agron, J., 43; 433-437.
  • Bremner JM.1965. Methods of soil analysis. part 2. chemical and microbiological properties, ed: Black, C.A. Amer. Soc. of Agron. Inc. Pub. Agron, Series No: 9. Pp: 1021-1060.
  • Bryson G, Mills H. 2014. Plant Analysis Handbook IV: e-Edition. Athens, GA: Micro Macro Publishing.
  • Cockson P, Landis H, Smith T, 2019. Hicks, K. and Brian E. Whipker, B.E.,Characterization of Nutrient Disorders of Cannabis sativa. Applied Sciences. 9(20), 4432; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204432. Cornell Cals, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
  • Corrado G, De Pascale S, Pannico A, Rouphael Y, 2022. Macro and trace element mineral composition of six hemp varieties grown as microgreens. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 114, 104750 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104750
  • Dell B, Huang L, Bell RW, 2002. Boron in Plant Reproduction Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition pp 103-117.
  • Fortenbery TR, Bennett M. 2004. Opportunities for commercial hemp production. Review of Agricultural Economics, 26(1), 97-117.
  • Gizlenci Ş, Acar M, Yiğen Ç, Aytaç S. 2019 Kenevir Tarımı. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı TAGEM Karadeniz Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü. 66 s.
  • Grabowska L, Koziara W. 2006. The effect of nitrogen dose, sowing density and time of harvest on development and yields of hemp cultivar bialobrzeskie. Journal of Natural Fibers, 2(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1300/J395v02n04_01.
  • Grandon B. 2023. A survey of nutrient levels in floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown for cannabinoids and the influence of leaf position for determining nutrient deficiencies. Master’s Thesis, Chapter 1, North Carolina State University
  • Grewelling T, Peech M. 1960. Chemical Soil Tests, Cornell. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 960.
  • Gupta UC. 1993. Boron and its role in crop production. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Hajarian, H., 2022. What Nutrient Disorder do my Hemp Plants Have? A Diagnostic Guide. Cornell Cals, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
  • Hall J, Bhattarai SP, Midmore DJ. 2014. Effect of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L) planting density on weed suppression, crop growth, physiological responses, and fiber yield in the subtropics. Renewable Bioresources, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.7243/2052-6237-2-1. http://www.hoajonline.com/journals/ pdf/2052-6237-2-1.pdf.
  • Hızalan E, Ünal H. 1966. Topraklarda Önemli Kimyasal Analizler. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 278, Yardımcı Ders Kitabı 97, A.Ü. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Iqtidar A, Rahman SF.1984. Effect of boron on the protein and amino acid composition of wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural Sciences,103(1), 75-80.
  • Jackson ML. 1962. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall.Inc.Eng. Cliff, USA.
  • Kalinowski J, Edmisten K, Davis J, McGinnis M, Hicks K, Cockson P, Veazie P, Whipker B. 2020. Augmenting nutrient acquisition ranges of greenhouse grown CBD (cannabidiol) hemp (Cannabis sativa) cultivars. Horticulturae, 6(4), 98. https://doi rg.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/10.3390/horticulturae6040098.
  • Landis H, Hicks K, Cockson P, Henry, JB, Smith JT, Whipker BE. 2019. Expanding Leaf Tissue Nutrient Survey Ranges for Greenhouse Cannabidiol-Hemp.”Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management, 5(1), 1-3.
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421-428.
  • Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed. p 889 Academic Press, New York.
  • Middleton W, Jarvis BC, Booth H. 1978. The boron requirement for root development. In stem cuttings of phaseol us a ureus roxb. A. New Phytologist, 81, 287-297.
  • Neales TF. 1960. Some aspects of boron in root growth. Aust. Journal of Biological Sciences,13, 232- 48. Olsen SR, Cole V, Watanabe FS, Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of Available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Dept. of Agric., 939. Washington D.C.
  • Papastylianou P, Kakabouki I, Ilias Travlos I. 2018. Notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of ındustrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 46(1), 197-201. DOI:10.15835/nbha46110862
  • Prat PF. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Patr 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Ed. C.A. Black. Amer.Soc. Agr. Inc. Publisher Agro. Series No:9., Madison. USA.
  • Ramon AM, Carpena-Ruiz RO, Garate A. 1989. The effects of short-term deficiency of boron on potassium, calcium, and magnesium distribution in leaves and roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Plant Nutrition Physiology and Applications, 41, 287-290.
  • Salinas R, Cerda A, Martinez V. 1986. The interactive effects of boron and macronutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) on pod yield and chemical composition of pea (Pisum sativum). Journal of Horticultural Science, 61, 3 .
  • Sausserde R, Adamovičs A, Ivanovs S, Bulgakov V. 2013. Investigations into growing and harvesting industrial hemp. Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering, 58(4), 150-154.
  • Scaife A, Turner M. 1983. Diagnosis of mineral disorders of plants. Vegetables, 2, 96.
  • Shelp BJ. 1988. Boron mobility and nutrition in broccoli (Brasicca oleracea var. Italica). Annals of Botany, 61, 83-91.
  • Shorrocks VM. 1997. The occurrence ve correction of boron deficiency. In Plant and Soil Proceedings. Eds. R.W. Bell ve B. Rerkasem, 193:121-148. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecth, the Netherlands.
  • Small E. 2016. Cannabis A Complete Guide, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300. Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
  • Spurs AR. 1957. The effect of boron on cell-wall structure. American Journal of Botany, 44, 637-650.
  • Suchoff D, McGinnis M, Davis J, Whipker B, Hicks K. 2021. Hemp leaf tissue ranges: Refinement of reference standards for floral hemp. NC State Extension Publication, AG 904.
  • Taban S, Çıkılı Y, Kebeci F, Taban N, Sezer SM. 2004. Taşköprü yöresinde sarımsak tarımı yapılan toprakların verimlilik durumu ve potansiyel beslenme problemlerinin ortaya konulması. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 297-304.
  • Tang K, Struik PC, Yin X, Calzolari D, Musio S, Thouminot C, Bjelkova M, Stramkale V, Magagnini G, Amaducci S. 2017. A comprehensive study of planting density and nitrogen fertilization effect on dual-purpose hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation. Industrial Crops and Products, 107, 427-438.
  • Todd J. 2023. Nutrient Deficiency ID Guide for Hemp. Published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. King’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, ON. ISBN 978-1-4868-7132-2 (Print) ISBN 978-1-4868-7133-9 (PDF)
  • Van der Werf HMG, van Geel WCA, van Gils LJC, Haverkort AJ. 1995. Nitrogen fertilization and row width affect self-thinning and productivity of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Field Crops Research, 42, 27-37.
  • Warington K. 1923. The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. Annals of Botany, 37, 629-672.
  • Westerhuis W. 2016. Hemp for textiles: plant size matters. Wageningen University, Wageningen. Available at: https://edepot.wur.nl/378698. Accessed 8 Dec 2020.
  • Westerhuis W, Amaducci S, Struik PC, Zatta A, Van Dam JEG, Stomph TJ. 2009. Sowing density and harvest time affect fibre content in hemp (Cannabis sativa) through their effects on stem weight. Annals of Applied Biology, 225, 244.
  • Yazıcı L. 2023. Optimizing plant density for fiber and seed production in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Journal of King Saud University– Science, 35, 102419
  • Yazıcı L, Yılmaz G, Koçer T, Sakar H. 2020. Investigation of some yield characteristics of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Tokat ecology. J. International Environmental Application & Science, 15 (2), 104–108.
  • Zhukov MS, Bedak GR. 1963. Boron fertilizer and its application on hemp. Len i Konoplya, 8(4), 24-25.

Endüstriyel kenevirde lif verimi-Bor ilişkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 53 - 61, 15.06.2025

Esat Tokgöz , Kutluhan Güngör , Hanife Akça , Mehmet İpek , Mehmet Satı Sezer , Mert Durmuş , Süleyman Taban

https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1695753

Öz

Çalışmada bor noksan alanlarda yetiştirilen endüstriyel kenevirin (Cannabis sativa L, cv: Vezir) bor uygulamasına tepkisini ortaya koymak ve bor uygulamasının endüstriyel kenevirin gelişimi ve lif verimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Endüstriyel kenevir bitkisi ile yürütülen tarla denemesi Kastamonu ili, Taşköprü ilçesi Kızılcaörhen Köyü sınırları içerisinde 23.04.2023 tarihinde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olacak şekilde üretici tarlasında (41.51126 K, 34.02726 D, yükseklik 708m) kurularak yürütülmüştür. Denemede topraklara bor 0, 0.2 mg B kg-1 ve 0.4 mg B kg-1 olacak şekilde % 20.8 bor içeren Etidot-67 (Disodyum oktaborat tetrahidrat, Na3B8O13.4H2O) gübresinden uygulanmış ve çözelti formundaki borlu gübreler homojen bir şekilde toprak yüzeyine püskürtülmüş ve ayrıca çapa kullanılarak toprakla iyice karıştırılmıştır. Toprak analiz sonuçları göre ekimle birlikte 8 kg N da-1, 8 kg P2O5 da-1 ve 8 kg K2O da-1 15-15-15 gübresinden, üst gübreleme olarak ise bitkiler yaklaşık 30 cm boya ulaştığında 20.05.2023 tarihinde 4 kg N da-1 üre gübresinden uygulanmıştır. Hasat sonrası elde edilen bitkilerde yapılan ölçüm ve analizler sonucunda, Endüstriyel kenevir bitkisinde yaş ve kuru ağırlık ile bitki boyu ve teknik sap uzunluğu uygulanan bora bağlı olarak artmış ve borlu gübrelemenin bu parametreler üzerine etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kontrol uygulamasına 0.4 mg B kg-1 uygulandığında yaş ağırlık miktarında % 28.8, kuru ağırlık miktarında % 27.2, lif veriminde % 73.5 ve lif randımanında ise % 41.2 oranında artış olmuştur. Kontrole göre 0.4 mg B kg-1 bor uygulandığında bitki boyu % 20.7 ve teknik sap uzunluğu % 24.4 oranında artmıştır. Bor uygulanmadığında endüstriyel kenevir bitkisi yaprağında ve lifinde bor konsantrasyonu kritik konsantrasyonun (< 20 mg B kg-1) altında olduğu belirlenirken 0.4 mg B kg-1 uygulandığında yaprakta ve lifte bor konsantrasyonu artmış ve endüstriyel kenevir bitkisi yaprağında belirlenen bor noksanlığı bor uygulaması ile normal düzeye çıkmış ve genç yapraklarda görülen bor noksanlık belirtileri ortadan kalkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

endüstriyel kenevir sap verimi lif verimi lif randımani bor konsantrasyonu

Kaynakça

  • Amaducci S, Errani M, Venturi G. 2002. Plant Population Effects on Fibre Hemp Morphology and Production. Journal of Industrial Hemp 7 (2), 33–60. https:// doi.org/10.1300/J237v07n02_04.
  • Amaducci S, Zata A, Pelai F, Venturi G. 2008. Influence of agronomic factors on yield and quality of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fiber and implication for an innovative production system. Field Crops Research, 107, 161–169.
  • Anonim, 2024. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Bülteni. https://data.tuik.gov.tr › Bulten (0ZWGbtzUJPOLiZaPEN3FrS5IXLkMvvziijysZc4svxIl4aYVWyPD9C6cwaqWqeKG)
  • Anonim, 2025. Resmi İstatistikler. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=undefined&m=KASTAMONU. Erişim tarihi: 11.04.2025.
  • Anonymous, 2023. How to spot and correct a boron deficiency in cannabis plants. By Organitek. https://organitek.com/cannabis-boron-deficiency/ (Erişim tarihi 27.04.2025)
  • Anonymous, 1951. Soil Survey Manual. U.S.D.A. Handbook No:18.
  • Bingham FT. 1982. Boron. pp. 431-447. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Page, A. L.,Miller, R.H., and Keeney, D. R. (eds), Part 2. Madison.
  • Bouyoucos GJ. 1951 A recalibration of the hydrometer for marking mechanical analysis of soil, Agron, J., 43; 433-437.
  • Bremner JM.1965. Methods of soil analysis. part 2. chemical and microbiological properties, ed: Black, C.A. Amer. Soc. of Agron. Inc. Pub. Agron, Series No: 9. Pp: 1021-1060.
  • Bryson G, Mills H. 2014. Plant Analysis Handbook IV: e-Edition. Athens, GA: Micro Macro Publishing.
  • Cockson P, Landis H, Smith T, 2019. Hicks, K. and Brian E. Whipker, B.E.,Characterization of Nutrient Disorders of Cannabis sativa. Applied Sciences. 9(20), 4432; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204432. Cornell Cals, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
  • Corrado G, De Pascale S, Pannico A, Rouphael Y, 2022. Macro and trace element mineral composition of six hemp varieties grown as microgreens. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 114, 104750 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104750
  • Dell B, Huang L, Bell RW, 2002. Boron in Plant Reproduction Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition pp 103-117.
  • Fortenbery TR, Bennett M. 2004. Opportunities for commercial hemp production. Review of Agricultural Economics, 26(1), 97-117.
  • Gizlenci Ş, Acar M, Yiğen Ç, Aytaç S. 2019 Kenevir Tarımı. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı TAGEM Karadeniz Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü. 66 s.
  • Grabowska L, Koziara W. 2006. The effect of nitrogen dose, sowing density and time of harvest on development and yields of hemp cultivar bialobrzeskie. Journal of Natural Fibers, 2(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1300/J395v02n04_01.
  • Grandon B. 2023. A survey of nutrient levels in floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown for cannabinoids and the influence of leaf position for determining nutrient deficiencies. Master’s Thesis, Chapter 1, North Carolina State University
  • Grewelling T, Peech M. 1960. Chemical Soil Tests, Cornell. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 960.
  • Gupta UC. 1993. Boron and its role in crop production. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Hajarian, H., 2022. What Nutrient Disorder do my Hemp Plants Have? A Diagnostic Guide. Cornell Cals, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
  • Hall J, Bhattarai SP, Midmore DJ. 2014. Effect of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L) planting density on weed suppression, crop growth, physiological responses, and fiber yield in the subtropics. Renewable Bioresources, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.7243/2052-6237-2-1. http://www.hoajonline.com/journals/ pdf/2052-6237-2-1.pdf.
  • Hızalan E, Ünal H. 1966. Topraklarda Önemli Kimyasal Analizler. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 278, Yardımcı Ders Kitabı 97, A.Ü. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Iqtidar A, Rahman SF.1984. Effect of boron on the protein and amino acid composition of wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural Sciences,103(1), 75-80.
  • Jackson ML. 1962. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall.Inc.Eng. Cliff, USA.
  • Kalinowski J, Edmisten K, Davis J, McGinnis M, Hicks K, Cockson P, Veazie P, Whipker B. 2020. Augmenting nutrient acquisition ranges of greenhouse grown CBD (cannabidiol) hemp (Cannabis sativa) cultivars. Horticulturae, 6(4), 98. https://doi rg.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/10.3390/horticulturae6040098.
  • Landis H, Hicks K, Cockson P, Henry, JB, Smith JT, Whipker BE. 2019. Expanding Leaf Tissue Nutrient Survey Ranges for Greenhouse Cannabidiol-Hemp.”Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management, 5(1), 1-3.
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421-428.
  • Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed. p 889 Academic Press, New York.
  • Middleton W, Jarvis BC, Booth H. 1978. The boron requirement for root development. In stem cuttings of phaseol us a ureus roxb. A. New Phytologist, 81, 287-297.
  • Neales TF. 1960. Some aspects of boron in root growth. Aust. Journal of Biological Sciences,13, 232- 48. Olsen SR, Cole V, Watanabe FS, Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of Available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Dept. of Agric., 939. Washington D.C.
  • Papastylianou P, Kakabouki I, Ilias Travlos I. 2018. Notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of ındustrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 46(1), 197-201. DOI:10.15835/nbha46110862
  • Prat PF. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Patr 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Ed. C.A. Black. Amer.Soc. Agr. Inc. Publisher Agro. Series No:9., Madison. USA.
  • Ramon AM, Carpena-Ruiz RO, Garate A. 1989. The effects of short-term deficiency of boron on potassium, calcium, and magnesium distribution in leaves and roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Plant Nutrition Physiology and Applications, 41, 287-290.
  • Salinas R, Cerda A, Martinez V. 1986. The interactive effects of boron and macronutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) on pod yield and chemical composition of pea (Pisum sativum). Journal of Horticultural Science, 61, 3 .
  • Sausserde R, Adamovičs A, Ivanovs S, Bulgakov V. 2013. Investigations into growing and harvesting industrial hemp. Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering, 58(4), 150-154.
  • Scaife A, Turner M. 1983. Diagnosis of mineral disorders of plants. Vegetables, 2, 96.
  • Shelp BJ. 1988. Boron mobility and nutrition in broccoli (Brasicca oleracea var. Italica). Annals of Botany, 61, 83-91.
  • Shorrocks VM. 1997. The occurrence ve correction of boron deficiency. In Plant and Soil Proceedings. Eds. R.W. Bell ve B. Rerkasem, 193:121-148. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecth, the Netherlands.
  • Small E. 2016. Cannabis A Complete Guide, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300. Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
  • Spurs AR. 1957. The effect of boron on cell-wall structure. American Journal of Botany, 44, 637-650.
  • Suchoff D, McGinnis M, Davis J, Whipker B, Hicks K. 2021. Hemp leaf tissue ranges: Refinement of reference standards for floral hemp. NC State Extension Publication, AG 904.
  • Taban S, Çıkılı Y, Kebeci F, Taban N, Sezer SM. 2004. Taşköprü yöresinde sarımsak tarımı yapılan toprakların verimlilik durumu ve potansiyel beslenme problemlerinin ortaya konulması. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 297-304.
  • Tang K, Struik PC, Yin X, Calzolari D, Musio S, Thouminot C, Bjelkova M, Stramkale V, Magagnini G, Amaducci S. 2017. A comprehensive study of planting density and nitrogen fertilization effect on dual-purpose hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation. Industrial Crops and Products, 107, 427-438.
  • Todd J. 2023. Nutrient Deficiency ID Guide for Hemp. Published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. King’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, ON. ISBN 978-1-4868-7132-2 (Print) ISBN 978-1-4868-7133-9 (PDF)
  • Van der Werf HMG, van Geel WCA, van Gils LJC, Haverkort AJ. 1995. Nitrogen fertilization and row width affect self-thinning and productivity of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Field Crops Research, 42, 27-37.
  • Warington K. 1923. The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. Annals of Botany, 37, 629-672.
  • Westerhuis W. 2016. Hemp for textiles: plant size matters. Wageningen University, Wageningen. Available at: https://edepot.wur.nl/378698. Accessed 8 Dec 2020.
  • Westerhuis W, Amaducci S, Struik PC, Zatta A, Van Dam JEG, Stomph TJ. 2009. Sowing density and harvest time affect fibre content in hemp (Cannabis sativa) through their effects on stem weight. Annals of Applied Biology, 225, 244.
  • Yazıcı L. 2023. Optimizing plant density for fiber and seed production in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Journal of King Saud University– Science, 35, 102419
  • Yazıcı L, Yılmaz G, Koçer T, Sakar H. 2020. Investigation of some yield characteristics of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Tokat ecology. J. International Environmental Application & Science, 15 (2), 104–108.
  • Zhukov MS, Bedak GR. 1963. Boron fertilizer and its application on hemp. Len i Konoplya, 8(4), 24-25.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bitki Besleme ve Toprak Verimliliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Esat Tokgöz 0009-0008-8192-5123

Kutluhan Güngör 0000-0002-3513-4258

Hanife Akça 0000-0001-8529-6469

Mehmet İpek 0009-0005-1676-7462

Mehmet Satı Sezer 0009-0004-4786-6407

Mert Durmuş 0009-0003-3616-5843

Süleyman Taban 0000-0002-7997-9412

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tokgöz, E., Güngör, K., Akça, H., İpek, M., vd. (2025). Endüstriyel kenevirde lif verimi-Bor ilişkisi. Toprak Bilimi Ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 13(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1695753
AMA Tokgöz E, Güngör K, Akça H, İpek M, Sezer MS, Durmuş M, Taban S. Endüstriyel kenevirde lif verimi-Bor ilişkisi. tbbbd. Haziran 2025;13(1):53-61. doi:10.33409/tbbbd.1695753
Chicago Tokgöz, Esat, Kutluhan Güngör, Hanife Akça, Mehmet İpek, Mehmet Satı Sezer, Mert Durmuş, ve Süleyman Taban. “Endüstriyel Kenevirde Lif Verimi-Bor ilişkisi”. Toprak Bilimi Ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 13, sy. 1 (Haziran 2025): 53-61. https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1695753.
EndNote Tokgöz E, Güngör K, Akça H, İpek M, Sezer MS, Durmuş M, Taban S (01 Haziran 2025) Endüstriyel kenevirde lif verimi-Bor ilişkisi. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 13 1 53–61.
IEEE E. Tokgöz, K. Güngör, H. Akça, M. İpek, M. S. Sezer, M. Durmuş, ve S. Taban, “Endüstriyel kenevirde lif verimi-Bor ilişkisi”, tbbbd, c. 13, sy. 1, ss. 53–61, 2025, doi: 10.33409/tbbbd.1695753.
ISNAD Tokgöz, Esat vd. “Endüstriyel Kenevirde Lif Verimi-Bor ilişkisi”. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 13/1 (Haziran 2025), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1695753.
JAMA Tokgöz E, Güngör K, Akça H, İpek M, Sezer MS, Durmuş M, Taban S. Endüstriyel kenevirde lif verimi-Bor ilişkisi. tbbbd. 2025;13:53–61.
MLA Tokgöz, Esat vd. “Endüstriyel Kenevirde Lif Verimi-Bor ilişkisi”. Toprak Bilimi Ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 53-61, doi:10.33409/tbbbd.1695753.
Vancouver Tokgöz E, Güngör K, Akça H, İpek M, Sezer MS, Durmuş M, Taban S. Endüstriyel kenevirde lif verimi-Bor ilişkisi. tbbbd. 2025;13(1):53-61.
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