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Yaygın Solunum Virüslerinin Hastaneye Yatırılan Çocuklardaki Farklı Laboratuvar Bulguları: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3, 130 - 136, 14.05.2025

Furkan Kalaycı , Kaan Çelebier

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1666545

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına neden olan beş yaygın viral etkenin—influenza virüsü (IFV), insan respiratuvar sinsityal virüsü (hRSV), insan rinovirüsü (hRV), insan metapnömovirüsü (hMPV) ve insan bokavirüsü (hBoV)—altta yatan kronik hastalığı olmayan çocuklardaki laboratuvar parametreleri ve klinik sonuçlar üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2020 ile Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi’ne başvuran, bir ay ile on sekiz yaş arasındaki çocuk hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya yalnızca tek bir viral etken tespit edilen ve hastaneye yatırılan çocuklar dahil edildi. Tanımlanan viral patojenlere göre klinik veriler ve laboratuvar parametreleri analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 983 hastanın %62’si erkekti. En sık tespit edilen viral etken IFV olurken, bunu sırasıyla hBoV, hRSV, hRV ve hMPV izledi. IFV enfeksiyonlarında AST ve ALT düzeylerinde yükselme gözlendi. hRSV enfeksiyonlarında PCO₂ ve HCO₃ parsiyel basınçlarında anlamlı artışlar tespit edildi. hBoV enfeksiyonlarında ise CRP, lökosit (WBC) ve nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR) gibi inflamatuar belirteçler en yüksek seviyelere ulaştı. Ayrıca, pH düzeyinde azalma ve PCO₂ düzeyinde artış, entübasyon ve yoğun bakım ihtiyacı ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkili bulundu.

Sonuç: Farklı viral etkenlerin sergilediği özgün biyobelirteç profilleri, klinik karar sürecine rehberlik edebilir. Özellikle LDH, pH, PCO₂ ve CRP gibi belirteçlerin hastaneye yatış sırasında erken değerlendirilmesi, hastalığın şiddetini öngörmede ve yoğun bakım gereksiniminin belirlenmesinde değerli olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan bocavirüsü İnsan metapnömovirüsü İnsan solunum sinsityal virüsü İnsan rinovirüsü İnfluenza virüsü Alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları

Kaynakça

  • Kurskaya O, Ryabichenko T, Leonova N, Shi W, Bi H, Sharshov K, et al. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Novosibirsk City, Russia (2013 - 2017). PLoS One. 2018;13(9): e0200117.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200117
  • Schober T, Wong K, Delisle G, Caya C, Brendish NJ, Clark TW, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Rapid Respiratory Virus Testing in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 ;184(5):528-36.https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0037
  • Honda T, Uehara T, Matsumoto G, Arai S, Sugano M. Neutrophil left shift and white blood cell count as markers of bacterial infection. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;457:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.03.017
  • Zeng F, Li L, Zeng J, Deng Y, Huang H, Chen B, et al. Can we predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 with a routine blood test? Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020;130(5):400-6.
  • Ticinesi A, Lauretani F, Nouvenne A, Porro E, Fanelli G, Maggio M, et al. C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement in geriatric patients hospitalized for acute infection. Eur J Intern Med. 2017;37:7-12.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2016.08.026
  • Li Y, Min L, Zhang X. Usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections in children. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):386.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01756-4
  • Yildizdaş D, Yapicioǧlu H, Yilmaz HL, Sertdemir Y. Correlation of simultaneously obtained capillary, venous, and arterial blood gases of patients in a paediatric intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(2):176-80.https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2002.016261
  • Cilla G, Oñate E, Perez-Yarza EG, Montes M, Vicente D, Perez-Trallero E. Viruses in community‐acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection. J Med Virol. 2008 ;80(10):1843-9.https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21271
  • Drews AL, Atmar RL, Glezen WP, Baxter BD, Piedra PA, Greenberg SB. Dual Respiratory Virus Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25(6):1421.https://doi.org/10.1086/516137
  • Chorazy ML, Lebeck MG, McCarthy TA, Richter SS, Torner JC, Gray GC. Polymicrobial Acute Respiratory Infections in a Hospital-Based Pediatric Population. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(5):460-6.https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e31828683ce
  • Wei L, Liu W, Zhang XA, Liu EM, Wo Y, Cowling BJ, et al. Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Hospitalized Children With Acute Respiratory Illnesses, Chongqing, 2009-2013. Medicine. 2015;94(16):e742. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000000742
  • Wang X, Li Y, O’Brien KL, Madhi SA, Widdowson MA, Byass P, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 ;8(4):e497-e510.
  • Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, Roca A, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;378(9807):1917-30.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61051-9
  • Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Alhumaydhi FA, Gowder SJT, Rahmani AH. The Biochemical and Clinical Perspectives of Lactate Dehydrogenase: An Enzyme of Active Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020 ;20(6):855-68.https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666191230141110
  • Jeon NL, Kim BS, Kim YK, Hong SJ. Etiology and Clinical Features of Severe Acute Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society. 2000;43(12):1558-68.
  • Oh JS, Choi JS, Lee YH, Ko KO, Lim JW, Cheon EJ, et al. The Relationships between Respiratory Virus Infection and Aminotransferase in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2016;19(4):243.https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2016.19.4.243
  • Mehta R, Scheffler M, Tapia L, Aideyan L, Patel KD, Jewell AM, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase and caspase activity in nasopharyngeal secretions are predictors of bronchiolitis severity. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014;8(6):617. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12276
  • Gupta GS. The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients. Inflammation. 2022;45(6):2091.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-022-01680-7
  • Tao RJ, Luo XL, Xu W, Mao B, Dai RX, Li CW, et al. Viral infection in community acquired pneumonia patients with fever: a prospective observational study. J Thorac Dis. 2018 ;10(7):4387-95.https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.06.33
  • Mania A, Faltin K, Mazur-melewska K, Małecki P, Jończyk-potoczna K, Lubarski K, et al. Clinical Picture and Risk Factors of Severe Respiratory Symptoms in COVID-19 in Children. Viruses. 2021;13(12):2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122366
  • Taniguchi A, Kawada JI, Go K, Fujishiro N, Hosokawa Y, Maki Y, et al. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Hospitalized Young Children. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2019;72:237-42. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.480
  • Al-Eyadhy A, Almazyad M, Hasan G, Almuhaideb Q, AbuDujain N, Alhaboob AAN, et al. The burden of viral infections in pediatric intensive care unit between endemic and pandemic coronavirus infections: A tertiary care center experience. J Infect Chemother 2022;29(1):20-5.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2022.09.007
  • Tsou P, Vadivelan A, Kovvuri M, Garg N, Thangavelu M, Wang Y, et al. Association between multiple respiratory viral infections and pediatric intensive care unit admission among infants with bronchiolitis. Archives De Pediatrie. 2019;27(1):39-44.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2019.11.006
  • Bilan N, Behbahan AG, Khosroshahi AJ. Validity of venous blood gas analysis for diagnosis of acid-base imbalance in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. World J Pediatr 2008 ;4(2):114-7.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-008-0022-x
  • Wrotek A, Jackowska T. Capillary Blood Gas in Children Hospitalized Due to Influenza Predicts the Risk of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Diagnostics. 2022 ;12(10):2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102412
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9.https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  • Luo X, Zhou W, Yan X, Guo T, Wang B, Xia H, et al. Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):ciaa641. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20040360
  • Jaya Lakshmi SS, Nisha V, Leela KV, Harsha Vardhini N, Subash S. Uncovering the Presentation and Diagnosis of Human Bocavirus in a Patient at a Tertiary Care Center: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e66550.
  • Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, Roberg KA, Anderson EL, Pappas TE, et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(7):667-72. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200802-309OC
  • Jackson DJ, Gern JE. Rhinovirus Infections and Their Roles in Asthma: Etiology and Exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(3):673-81.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.006
  • Schattner A, Kadi J, Dubin I. Reactive thrombocytosis in acute infectious diseases: Prevalence, characteristics and timing. Eur J Intern Med. 2019;63:42-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2019.02.010
  • Kurt F, Mustafaoğlu Ö, Alaboyun ES, Gürsoy C, Yakut Hİ, Dibek Mısırlıoğlu E, et al. Evaluation of Changes in Mean Platelet Volume in Acute Bronchiolitis Cases.Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2020;14(4):352-8.
  • Huang Z, Fu Z, Huang W, Huang K. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis: A meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(3):641-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.10.023
  • Burrack N, Adar A, Goldbart A, Weissmann S, Cohen B, Hazan I, et al. Monocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios in hospitalized children with RSV bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023;58(12):3530-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26687
  • Prozan L, Shusterman E, Ablin J, Mitelpunkt A, Weiss-Meilik A, Adler A, et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 compared with Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):21519. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00927-x
  • Shin D, Lee MS, Kim DY, Lee MG, Kim DS. Increased large unstained cells value in varicella patients: A valuable parameter to aid rapid diagnosis of varicella infection. J Dermatol. 2015;42(8):795-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.12902
  • Vanker N, Ipp H. Large unstained cells: a potentially valuable parameter in the assessment of immune activation levels in HIV infection. Acta Haematol. 2014;131(4):208-12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355184

Differential laboratory findings of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized children: a retrospective study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3, 130 - 136, 14.05.2025

Furkan Kalaycı , Kaan Çelebier

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1666545

Öz

Objective: The objective of this study was to comparatively investigate the effects of five common viral agents causing respiratory infections—influenza virus (IFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), human rhinovirus (hRV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and human bocavirus (hBoV)—on laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes in children without underlying chronic diseases.

Material and Methods: A total of 983 children aged one month to eighteen years who presented to Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between January 2020 and December 2024 were retrospectively evaluated. Only children hospitalized with a single detected viral agent were included in the study. Clinical data and laboratory parameters were analyzed based on the identified viral pathogens.

Results: Among the 983 patients included, 62% were male. The most commonly detected viral agent was IFV, followed by hBoV, hRSV, hRV, and hMPV. In IFV infections, elevated levels of AST and ALT were observed. Significant elevations in partial pressure of PCO₂ and HCO₃ were detected in hRSV infections. In hBoV infections, inflammatory markers such as CRP, WBC, and NLR reached the highest levels. Furthermore, decreases in pH and increases in PCO₂ were significantly associated with intubation and intensive care admissions.

Conclusion: The distinct biomarker profiles exhibited by different viral agents may aid in guiding the clinical decision-making process. In particular, early assessment of biomarkers such as LDH, pH, PCO₂, and CRP at the time of hospital admission can be valuable for predicting disease severity and determining the need for intensive care in the clinical management of pediatric viral infections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human bocavirus Human metapneumovirus Human respiratory syncytial virus Human rhinovirus Influenza virus Lower respiratory tract infections

Kaynakça

  • Kurskaya O, Ryabichenko T, Leonova N, Shi W, Bi H, Sharshov K, et al. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Novosibirsk City, Russia (2013 - 2017). PLoS One. 2018;13(9): e0200117.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200117
  • Schober T, Wong K, Delisle G, Caya C, Brendish NJ, Clark TW, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Rapid Respiratory Virus Testing in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 ;184(5):528-36.https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0037
  • Honda T, Uehara T, Matsumoto G, Arai S, Sugano M. Neutrophil left shift and white blood cell count as markers of bacterial infection. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;457:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.03.017
  • Zeng F, Li L, Zeng J, Deng Y, Huang H, Chen B, et al. Can we predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 with a routine blood test? Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020;130(5):400-6.
  • Ticinesi A, Lauretani F, Nouvenne A, Porro E, Fanelli G, Maggio M, et al. C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement in geriatric patients hospitalized for acute infection. Eur J Intern Med. 2017;37:7-12.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2016.08.026
  • Li Y, Min L, Zhang X. Usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections in children. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):386.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01756-4
  • Yildizdaş D, Yapicioǧlu H, Yilmaz HL, Sertdemir Y. Correlation of simultaneously obtained capillary, venous, and arterial blood gases of patients in a paediatric intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(2):176-80.https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2002.016261
  • Cilla G, Oñate E, Perez-Yarza EG, Montes M, Vicente D, Perez-Trallero E. Viruses in community‐acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection. J Med Virol. 2008 ;80(10):1843-9.https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21271
  • Drews AL, Atmar RL, Glezen WP, Baxter BD, Piedra PA, Greenberg SB. Dual Respiratory Virus Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25(6):1421.https://doi.org/10.1086/516137
  • Chorazy ML, Lebeck MG, McCarthy TA, Richter SS, Torner JC, Gray GC. Polymicrobial Acute Respiratory Infections in a Hospital-Based Pediatric Population. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(5):460-6.https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e31828683ce
  • Wei L, Liu W, Zhang XA, Liu EM, Wo Y, Cowling BJ, et al. Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Hospitalized Children With Acute Respiratory Illnesses, Chongqing, 2009-2013. Medicine. 2015;94(16):e742. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000000742
  • Wang X, Li Y, O’Brien KL, Madhi SA, Widdowson MA, Byass P, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 ;8(4):e497-e510.
  • Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, Roca A, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;378(9807):1917-30.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61051-9
  • Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Alhumaydhi FA, Gowder SJT, Rahmani AH. The Biochemical and Clinical Perspectives of Lactate Dehydrogenase: An Enzyme of Active Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020 ;20(6):855-68.https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666191230141110
  • Jeon NL, Kim BS, Kim YK, Hong SJ. Etiology and Clinical Features of Severe Acute Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society. 2000;43(12):1558-68.
  • Oh JS, Choi JS, Lee YH, Ko KO, Lim JW, Cheon EJ, et al. The Relationships between Respiratory Virus Infection and Aminotransferase in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2016;19(4):243.https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2016.19.4.243
  • Mehta R, Scheffler M, Tapia L, Aideyan L, Patel KD, Jewell AM, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase and caspase activity in nasopharyngeal secretions are predictors of bronchiolitis severity. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014;8(6):617. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12276
  • Gupta GS. The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients. Inflammation. 2022;45(6):2091.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-022-01680-7
  • Tao RJ, Luo XL, Xu W, Mao B, Dai RX, Li CW, et al. Viral infection in community acquired pneumonia patients with fever: a prospective observational study. J Thorac Dis. 2018 ;10(7):4387-95.https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.06.33
  • Mania A, Faltin K, Mazur-melewska K, Małecki P, Jończyk-potoczna K, Lubarski K, et al. Clinical Picture and Risk Factors of Severe Respiratory Symptoms in COVID-19 in Children. Viruses. 2021;13(12):2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122366
  • Taniguchi A, Kawada JI, Go K, Fujishiro N, Hosokawa Y, Maki Y, et al. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Hospitalized Young Children. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2019;72:237-42. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.480
  • Al-Eyadhy A, Almazyad M, Hasan G, Almuhaideb Q, AbuDujain N, Alhaboob AAN, et al. The burden of viral infections in pediatric intensive care unit between endemic and pandemic coronavirus infections: A tertiary care center experience. J Infect Chemother 2022;29(1):20-5.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2022.09.007
  • Tsou P, Vadivelan A, Kovvuri M, Garg N, Thangavelu M, Wang Y, et al. Association between multiple respiratory viral infections and pediatric intensive care unit admission among infants with bronchiolitis. Archives De Pediatrie. 2019;27(1):39-44.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2019.11.006
  • Bilan N, Behbahan AG, Khosroshahi AJ. Validity of venous blood gas analysis for diagnosis of acid-base imbalance in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. World J Pediatr 2008 ;4(2):114-7.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-008-0022-x
  • Wrotek A, Jackowska T. Capillary Blood Gas in Children Hospitalized Due to Influenza Predicts the Risk of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Diagnostics. 2022 ;12(10):2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102412
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9.https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  • Luo X, Zhou W, Yan X, Guo T, Wang B, Xia H, et al. Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):ciaa641. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20040360
  • Jaya Lakshmi SS, Nisha V, Leela KV, Harsha Vardhini N, Subash S. Uncovering the Presentation and Diagnosis of Human Bocavirus in a Patient at a Tertiary Care Center: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e66550.
  • Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, Roberg KA, Anderson EL, Pappas TE, et al. Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(7):667-72. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200802-309OC
  • Jackson DJ, Gern JE. Rhinovirus Infections and Their Roles in Asthma: Etiology and Exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(3):673-81.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.006
  • Schattner A, Kadi J, Dubin I. Reactive thrombocytosis in acute infectious diseases: Prevalence, characteristics and timing. Eur J Intern Med. 2019;63:42-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2019.02.010
  • Kurt F, Mustafaoğlu Ö, Alaboyun ES, Gürsoy C, Yakut Hİ, Dibek Mısırlıoğlu E, et al. Evaluation of Changes in Mean Platelet Volume in Acute Bronchiolitis Cases.Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2020;14(4):352-8.
  • Huang Z, Fu Z, Huang W, Huang K. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis: A meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(3):641-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.10.023
  • Burrack N, Adar A, Goldbart A, Weissmann S, Cohen B, Hazan I, et al. Monocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios in hospitalized children with RSV bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023;58(12):3530-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.26687
  • Prozan L, Shusterman E, Ablin J, Mitelpunkt A, Weiss-Meilik A, Adler A, et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 compared with Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):21519. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00927-x
  • Shin D, Lee MS, Kim DY, Lee MG, Kim DS. Increased large unstained cells value in varicella patients: A valuable parameter to aid rapid diagnosis of varicella infection. J Dermatol. 2015;42(8):795-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.12902
  • Vanker N, Ipp H. Large unstained cells: a potentially valuable parameter in the assessment of immune activation levels in HIV infection. Acta Haematol. 2014;131(4):208-12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355184
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Furkan Kalaycı 0000-0002-6702-8206

Kaan Çelebier 0009-0005-1562-1832

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalaycı, F., & Çelebier, K. (2025). Differential laboratory findings of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized children: a retrospective study. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi, 19(3), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1666545
AMA Kalaycı F, Çelebier K. Differential laboratory findings of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized children: a retrospective study. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. Mayıs 2025;19(3):130-136. doi:10.12956/tchd.1666545
Chicago Kalaycı, Furkan, ve Kaan Çelebier. “Differential Laboratory Findings of Common Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study”. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi 19, sy. 3 (Mayıs 2025): 130-36. https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1666545.
EndNote Kalaycı F, Çelebier K (01 Mayıs 2025) Differential laboratory findings of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized children: a retrospective study. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi 19 3 130–136.
IEEE F. Kalaycı ve K. Çelebier, “Differential laboratory findings of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized children: a retrospective study”, Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg, c. 19, sy. 3, ss. 130–136, 2025, doi: 10.12956/tchd.1666545.
ISNAD Kalaycı, Furkan - Çelebier, Kaan. “Differential Laboratory Findings of Common Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study”. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi 19/3 (Mayıs 2025), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1666545.
JAMA Kalaycı F, Çelebier K. Differential laboratory findings of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized children: a retrospective study. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2025;19:130–136.
MLA Kalaycı, Furkan ve Kaan Çelebier. “Differential Laboratory Findings of Common Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study”. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi, c. 19, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 130-6, doi:10.12956/tchd.1666545.
Vancouver Kalaycı F, Çelebier K. Differential laboratory findings of common respiratory viruses in hospitalized children: a retrospective study. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2025;19(3):130-6.
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