TOPİKAL İLAÇ SALIMI İÇİN MOMETAZON FUROAT MONOHIDRAT VE MELATONİN YÜKLÜ SİLİKA KSEROJEL İÇEREN POLİVİNİL ALKOL NANOLİF MEMBRAN ÜRETİMİ: IN VITRO SALIM ÇALIŞMASI
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 32 Sayı: 138, 95 - 104, 30.06.2025
Handan Palak
,
Aslı Gürbüz Yurtsever
,
Özlem İpek Kalaoğlu Altan
,
Meryem Sedef Erdal
,
Burçak Karagüzel Kayaoğlu
Öz
Biyolojik aktif moleküllerin kontrollü salımına yönelik temel yaklaşımlardan biri, yan etkileri en aza indirirken ilaç salımını hassas bir şekilde düzenleyen ilaç salım sistemlerinin geliştirilmesidir. İlaç salım sistemlerinin ilaç salım özelliklerini iyileştirmeye yönelik stratejilerden biri, ilaçların sistem içine dahil edilmeden önce bir taşıyıcıya yüklenmesidir. Gözenekli yapıları ve öncül ıslak jellerin ortam basıncında kurutulmasıyla sentezlenebilmeleri nedeniyle, kserojeller düşük maliyetli, kolay uygulanabilir ve sürdürülebilir bir yöntem sunarak ilaç taşıma sistemlerinde kullanılabilirler. Bu çalışmada, elektro-eğirme yöntemi kullanılarak polivinil alkol (PVA)/ilaç yüklü silika kserojel nanolif yüzeyler üretilmiştir. Kserojeller sol-jel polimerizasyonu yoluyla sentezlenmiş, mometazon furoat monohidrat ve melatonin ile yüklenmiş, ardından PVA çözeltilerine dahil edilerek PVA/kserojel/ilaç nanolif yüzeyler geliştirilmiştir. Üretilen yüzeylerin morfolojik ve kimyasal özellikleri sırasıyla taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektrometresi ile karakterize edilmiş, ayrıca ilaç salım profilleri değerlendirilmiştir. Morfolojik analizler, ilaç yüklü kserojellerin nanoliflere başarılı bir şekilde entegre edildiğini ve morfolojik yapıda belirgin bir değişiklik olmadığını doğrulamıştır. Kimyasal analizler ise PVA, kserojel ve ilaçlara özgü belirgin piklerin varlığını göstermiştir. In vitro ilaç salım çalışmaları, 24 saat sonunda MLT salımının 1:1 ve 1:2 MLT:kserojel formülasyonları için sırasıyla %50.289 ± %0.462 ve %55.080 ± %2.955 olduğunu, kontrol formülasyonu (1:0 MLT:kserojel) için ise %66.295 ± %3.293 salım gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Kserojel varlığı, kserojel içermeyen formülasyona kıyasla MLT’nin daha yavaş salınmasını sağlamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, kserojel içeren nanolifli ağların kontrollü topikal ilaç salımı uygulamaları, örneğin yara örtüleri, için etkili taşıyıcılar olarak potansiyelini ortaya koymaktadır.
Kaynakça
- De Araujo, D.R., Padula, C., (2023), Topical Drug Delivery: Innovative Controlled Release Systems, Pharmaceutics, 15, 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061716
- Mohammed Y., Holmes A., Kwok P. C. L., Kumeria T., Namjoshi S., Imran M., Matteucci, L., Ali, M., Tai, W., Benson, H. A. E., Roberts, M. S. (2022), Advances and Future Perspectives in Epithelial Drug Delivery, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 186, 114293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114293
- Goyal, R., Macri, L.K., Kaplan, H.M., Kohn, J., (2016), Nanoparticles and Nanofibers for Topical Drug Delivery, Journal of Controlled Release, 240, 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jconrel.2015.10.049
- Huang, C., Thomas, N.L., (2018), Fabricating porous poly(lactic acid) fibres via electrospinning, European Polymer Journal, 99: 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.025
- Jain, R., Shetty, S., Yadav, K.S., (2020), Unfolding the Electrospinning Potential of Biopolymers for Preparation of Nanofibers, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 57, 101604, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101604
- Verreck, G., Chun, I., Rosenblatt, J., Peeters, J., Dijck, A.V., Mensch, J., Noppe, M., Brewster, M.E., (2003), Incorporation of Drugs in an Amorphous State Into Electrospun Nanofibers Composed of A Water-Insoluble, Nonbiodegradable Polymer, Journal of Controlled Release, 92, 349–360. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ S0168-3659(03)00342-0
- Macri, L.K., Sheihet, L., Singer, A.J., Kohn, J., Clark, R.A., (2012), Ultrafast and Fast Bioerodible Electrospun Fiber Mats for Topical Delivery of A Hydrophilic Peptide, Journal of Controlled Release, 161, 813–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.035
- Fathollahipour, S., Mehrizi, A.A., Ghaee, A., Koosha, M., (2015), Electrospinning of PVA/Chitosan Nanocomposite Nanofibers Containing Gelatin Nanoparticles as A Dual Drug Delivery System, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 103, 3852. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35529
- Zhang, X., Tang, K. & Zheng, X., (2016), Electrospinning and Crosslinking of COL/PVA Nanofiber-microsphere Containing Salicylic Acid for Drug Delivery, Journal of Bionic Engineering, 13, 143–149 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(14)60168-2
- Vashisth, P., Pruthi, V., (2016), Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Gellan/PVA Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Application, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 67, 304-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.049
- Meera Moydeen, A., Syed Ali Padusha, M., Aboelfetoh, E.F., Al-Deyab, S.S., H. El-Newehy, M., (2018), Fabrication of Electrospun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Dextran Nanofibers via Emulsion Process as Drug Delivery System: Kinetics And In Vitro Release Study, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 116, 1250-1259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.130
- Cui, Z., Zheng, Z., Lin, L., Si, J., Wang, Q., Peng, X., Chen, W., (2018), Electrospinning and Crosslinking of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Composite Nanofiber for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Advances of Polymer Technology, 37, 1917–1928. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21850
- Rahmani, F., Ziyadi, H., Baghali, M., Luo, H., Ramakrishna, S., (2021), Electrospun PVP/PVA Nanofiber Mat as a Novel Potential Transdermal Drug-Delivery System for Buprenorphine: A Solution Needed for Pain Management, Applied Sciences, 11, 2779. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062779
- Acik, G., Turhan Cakir, N., Altinkok, C., (2024), Development of Organosoluble, Quaternized and Naproxen Sodium-Loaded Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Electrospun Nanofibers, European Polymer Journal, 221, 113565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj. 2024.113565
- Wang, W., Wang, Y., Zhao, W., Zhao, C., (2022), A Straightforward Approach towards Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Multifunctional Nanofiber Membranes with Sustained Drug Release Profiles, Macromolecular Bioscience, 22, 11, 2200150, https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200150
- Gutschmidt, D., Hazra, R.S., Zhou, X., Xu, X., Sabzi, M., Jiang, L., (2021), Electrospun, Sepiolite-Loaded Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Soy Protein Isolate Nanofibers: Preparation, Characterization, and Their Drug Release Behavior, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 594, 120172, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijpharm. 2020.120172
- Pei, J., Yan, Y., Palanisamy, C. P., Jayaraman, S., Natarajan, P. M., Umapathy, V. R., Gopathy, S., Roy, J. R., Sadagopan, J. C., Thalamati, D., Mironescu, M., (2024), Materials-Based Drug Delivery Approaches: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, Green Processing and Synthesis, 13, 1, 20230094. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0094
- Gizli, N., Sert Çok, S., Koç, F., (2022), Chapter 7 - Aerogel, xerogel, and cryogel: Synthesis, surface chemistry, and properties—Practical environmental applications and the future developments, Editor(s): Dimitrios Giannakoudakis, Lucas Meili, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Advanced Materials for Sustainable Environmental Remediation, Elsevier, 195-229, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-323-90485-8.00021-7
- Cuce, E., Mert Cuce, P., Wood, C.J., Riffat, B.S., (2014), Toward Aerogel Based Thermal Superinsulation In Buildings: A Comprehensive Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, 273-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.017
- Long, J.W., Swider‐Lyons, K.E., Stroud, R. M., Rolison, D.R., (2000), Design of Pore and Matter Architectures in Manganese Oxide Charge‐Storage Materials, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 3, 10, 453. DOI: 10.1149/1.1391177
- Reim, M., Beck, A., Körner, W., Petricevic, R., Glora, M., Weth, M., Schliermann, T., Fricke, J., Schmidt, Ch, Pötter, F.J., (2002), Highly Insulating Aerogel Glazing For Solar Energy Usage, Solar Energy, 72, 1, 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(01) 00086-X
- Amonette, J.E., Matyáš, J., (2017), Functionalized Silica Aerogels for Gas-Phase Purification, Sensing, and Catalysis: A Review, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 250, 100-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.04.055
- García-González, C.A., Sosnik, A., Kalmár, J., De Marco, I., Erkey, C., Concheiro, A., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., (2021), Aerogels In Drug Delivery: From Design To Application, Journal of Controlled Release, 332, 40-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.012
- Torres-Rodriguez, J., Gutierrez-Cano, V., Menelaou, M., Kaštyl, J., Cihlář, J., Tkachenko, S., González, J.A., Kalmár, J., Fábián, I., Lázár, I., Čelko, L., Kaiser, J., (2019), Rare-Earth Zirconate Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln: La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) Powders, Xerogels, and Aerogels: Preparation, Structure, and Properties, Inorganic Chemistry, 58, 21, 14467-14477, https://doi.org/10.1021/ acs.inorgchem.9b01965
- Tüysüz, H., Schüth, F., (2012), Chapter 2 - Ordered Mesoporous Materials as Catalysts, Editor(s): Bruce C. Gates, Friederike C. Jentoft, Advances in Catalysis, Academic Press, 55, 127-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385516-9.00002-8
- Zhou, H.J., Teng, S.H., Zhou, Y.B., Qian, H.S., (2020), Green Strategy to Develop Novel Drug-Containing Poly (ε-Caprolactone)-Chitosan-Silica Xerogel Hybrid Fibers for Biomedical Applications, Journal of Nanomaterials, 6659287. https: //doi. org/10.1155/2020/6659287
- Rajalekshmy, G., Rekha, M., (2021), Synthesis and Evaluation of An Alginate-Methacrylate Xerogel for Insulin Delivery Towards Wound Healing Applications, Therapeutic Delivery, 12, 215–234. https://doi.org/10.4155/tde-2020-0128
- Rafati, A., Ebadi, A., Bavafa, S., Nowroozi, A., (2018), Kinetic Study, Structural Analysis and Computational Investigation of Novel Xerogel Based on Drug-PEG/SiO2 for Controlled Release of Enrofloxacin, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 266, 733–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.104
- Križman, K., Novak, S., Kristl, J., Majdič, G., Drnovšek, N., (2021), Long-Acting Silk Fibroin Xerogel Delivery Systems for Controlled Release of Estradiol, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 65,102701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst. 2021.102701
- Chen, X.S., Carillo, M., Haltiwanger, R.C., Bradley, P., (2005), Solid State Characterization of Mometasone Furoate Anhydrous and Monohydrate Forms, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 94, 11, 2496-2509, https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.20470
- Rivelli, G.G., Perez, A.C., Silva, P.H.R., de Lima Gomes, E.C., de Souza Moreira, C.P., Tamashiro, E., Valera, F.C.P., Anselmo-Lima, W.T., Pianetti, G.A., Silva-Cunha, A., (2021), Biodegradable Electrospun Nanofibers: A New Approach for Rhinosinusitis Treatment, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 163, 105852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105852
- Bora, N. S., Mazumder, B., Mandal, S., Bhutia, Y. D., Das, S., Karmakar, S., Chattopadhyay, P., Dwivedi, S. K., (2019), Protective Effect of A Topical Sunscreen Formulation Fortified With Melatonin Against UV-Induced Photodermatitis: An Immunomodulatory Effect Via NF-Κb Suppression, Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 41, 1, 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2019.1566358
- Marto, J., Ascenso, A., Gonçalves, L. M., Gouveia, L. F., Manteigas, P., Pinto, P., Oliveira, E., Almeida, A. J., Ribeiro, H. M., (2016), Melatonin-Based Pickering Emulsion for Skin’s Photoprotection, Drug Delivery, 23, 5, 1594–1607. https://doi.org/ 10.3109/10717544.2015.1128496
- Mirmajidi, T., Chogan, F., Rezayan, A.H., Sharifi, A.M., (2021), In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of A Nanofiber Wound Dressing Loaded With Melatonin, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 596, 120213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120213
- Romeo, A., Kazsoki, A., Omer, S., Pinke, B., Mészáros, L., Musumeci, T., Zelkó, R., (2023), Formulation and Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibers for Melatonin Ocular Delivery, Pharmaceutics, 15, 1296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ pharmaceutics15041296
- Kortesuo, P., Ahola, M., Karlsson, S., Kangasniemi, I., Yli-Urpo, A., Kiesvaara, J., (2000), Silica Xerogel As An Implantable Carrier for Controlled Drug Delivery—Evaluation of Drug Distribution and Tissue Effects After Implantation, Biomaterials, 21, 2, 193-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00148-9
- DrugBank Online, Mometasone furoate monohydrate, https://go.drugbank.com/salts/DBSALT001244, 21/01/2025.
- Drug Bank Online, Melatonin, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/ DB01065, 21/01/2025.
- Bryans, T.R., Brawner, V.L., Quitevis, E.L., (2000), Microstructure and Porosity of Silica Xerogel Monoliths Prepared by the Fast Sol-Gel Method, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 17, 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008711921746
- Yue, W., Liang, J., Wang, H. et al., (2022), Preparation and Properties of Enzyme-Carrying Silica Xerogel Based on TMOS/MTMS Co-Precursors, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 102, 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05739-7.
- Altuntaş, E., Yener, G., (2017), Formulation and Evaluation of Thermoreversible In Situ Nasal Gels Containing Mometasone Furoate for Allergic Rhinitis, AAPS PharmSciTech, 18, 2673–2682 https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0747-8
- Mesut, B., Tok, Y. P., Alkan, B., Vefai, M. K., Al-Mohaya, M., Özsoy, Y., (2023), Effect of Mannitol Particle Size on Melatonin Dissolution and Tablet Properties Using a Quality by Design Framework, Dissolution Technology, 2, 12-21. https://doi.org/ 10.14227/DT300123P12
- Mansur, H.S., Sadahira, C.M., Souza, A.N., Mansur, A.A.P., (2008), FTIR Spectroscopy Characterization of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel With Different Hydrolysis Degree and Chemically Crosslinked With Glutaraldehyde, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 28, 4, 539-548, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.msec.2007.10.088
- Topal, B., Cetin Altindal, D., Gümüşderelioğlu, M., (2015), Melatonin/Hpβcd Complex: Microwave Synthesis, Integration with Chitosan Scaffolds and Inhibitory Effects On MG-63CELLS, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.028
- Li, J., Wu, W., Yang, H., Wang, X., Wang, X., Sun, C., Hu, Z., (2019), Rigid Silica Xerogel/Alumina Fiber Composites and Their Thermal Insulation Properties, Journal of Porous Materials, 26, 1177–1184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-018-0711-3
- Barkat K., Ahmad M., Usman Minhas M., Khalid I., Nasir B., (2018), Development and Characterization of Ph‐Responsive Polyethylene Glycol‐Co‐Poly (Methacrylic Acid) Polymeric Network System for Colon Target Delivery of Oxaliplatin: Its Acute Oral Toxicity Study, Advances in Polymer Technology, 37, 6, 1806–1822. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21840
- Bakshi, S., Pandey, P., Mohammed, Y., Wang, J., Sailor, M.J., Popat, A., Parekh, H.S., Kumeria, T., (2023), Porous Silicon Embedded in a Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Intranasal Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs To Treat Rhinosinusitis, Journal of Controlled Release, 363, 452-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel. 2023.09.045
- Thakker, K., (2020), Topicals and Transdermals, In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Special Dosage Forms, Edited by Nikoletta Fotaki and Sandra Klein, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, UK, 155-210
- Deng, L., Hou, M., Lv, N., Zhou, Q., Hua, X., Hu, X., Ge, X., Zhu, X., Xu, Y., Yang, H., Chen, X., Liu, H., He, F., (2024), Melatonin-Encapsuled Silk Fibroin Electrospun Nanofibers Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration Through Regulation of Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling, Materials Today Bio, 2, 25, 100985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100985
- Dash, S., Murthy, P.N., Nath, L., Chowdhury, P., (2010), Kinetic Modeling on Drug Release from Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica Drug Research, 67, 3, 217-223. PMID: 20524422.
FABRICATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL NANOFIBROUS WEBS CONTAINING MOMETASONE FUROATE MONOHYDRATE AND MELATONIN LOADED SILICA XEROGELS FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY: IN VITRO RELEASE STUDY
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 32 Sayı: 138, 95 - 104, 30.06.2025
Handan Palak
,
Aslı Gürbüz Yurtsever
,
Özlem İpek Kalaoğlu Altan
,
Meryem Sedef Erdal
,
Burçak Karagüzel Kayaoğlu
Öz
A key approach to the controlled release of bioactive molecules is the development of drug delivery systems that minimize side effects and precisely regulate drug release. A strategy for enhancing the drug release properties of drug delivery systems involves loading drugs into a carrier before their incorporation into the system. Xerogels can be utilized since they are porous, and can be synthesized through ambient pressure drying of precursor wet-gels, offering a cost-effective, facile, and sustainable approach. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/drug loaded-silica xerogel nanofibrous webs were fabricated via electrospinning. Xerogels were synthesized via sol-gel polymerization, loaded with mometasone furoate monohydrate and melatonin, then incorporated into PVA solutions and processed into PVA/xerogel/drug nanofibrous webs. The webs were characterized in terms of their morphological and chemical properties via scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively, and as well as drug release profiles. Morphological analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of drug-loaded xerogels within nanofibers without significant change in morphological structure, while chemical analysis identified distinct peaks corresponding to the specific bands of PVA, xerogel, and drugs. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated that the release of MLT was 50.289% ± 0.462% and 55.080% ± 2.955% for the 1:1 and 1:2 MLT: Xerogel formulations, respectively, whereas the control formulation (1:0 MLT: Xerogel) exhibited a release of 66.295% ± 3.293% at first 24h. The presence of xerogel resulted in a slower MLT release compared to the xerogel-free formulation. The findings highlight the potential of xerogel-incorporated nanofibrous webs as effective carriers for controlled topical drug delivery applications, i.e., wound dressing.
Destekleyen Kurum
Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Projects Fund
Teşekkür
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Projects Fund under grant number 43318. The authors also acknowledge Zeynep Büşra İmam and İrem Şimşek for their support during the production of nanofibrous webs.
Kaynakça
- De Araujo, D.R., Padula, C., (2023), Topical Drug Delivery: Innovative Controlled Release Systems, Pharmaceutics, 15, 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061716
- Mohammed Y., Holmes A., Kwok P. C. L., Kumeria T., Namjoshi S., Imran M., Matteucci, L., Ali, M., Tai, W., Benson, H. A. E., Roberts, M. S. (2022), Advances and Future Perspectives in Epithelial Drug Delivery, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 186, 114293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114293
- Goyal, R., Macri, L.K., Kaplan, H.M., Kohn, J., (2016), Nanoparticles and Nanofibers for Topical Drug Delivery, Journal of Controlled Release, 240, 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jconrel.2015.10.049
- Huang, C., Thomas, N.L., (2018), Fabricating porous poly(lactic acid) fibres via electrospinning, European Polymer Journal, 99: 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.025
- Jain, R., Shetty, S., Yadav, K.S., (2020), Unfolding the Electrospinning Potential of Biopolymers for Preparation of Nanofibers, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 57, 101604, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101604
- Verreck, G., Chun, I., Rosenblatt, J., Peeters, J., Dijck, A.V., Mensch, J., Noppe, M., Brewster, M.E., (2003), Incorporation of Drugs in an Amorphous State Into Electrospun Nanofibers Composed of A Water-Insoluble, Nonbiodegradable Polymer, Journal of Controlled Release, 92, 349–360. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ S0168-3659(03)00342-0
- Macri, L.K., Sheihet, L., Singer, A.J., Kohn, J., Clark, R.A., (2012), Ultrafast and Fast Bioerodible Electrospun Fiber Mats for Topical Delivery of A Hydrophilic Peptide, Journal of Controlled Release, 161, 813–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.035
- Fathollahipour, S., Mehrizi, A.A., Ghaee, A., Koosha, M., (2015), Electrospinning of PVA/Chitosan Nanocomposite Nanofibers Containing Gelatin Nanoparticles as A Dual Drug Delivery System, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 103, 3852. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35529
- Zhang, X., Tang, K. & Zheng, X., (2016), Electrospinning and Crosslinking of COL/PVA Nanofiber-microsphere Containing Salicylic Acid for Drug Delivery, Journal of Bionic Engineering, 13, 143–149 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(14)60168-2
- Vashisth, P., Pruthi, V., (2016), Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Gellan/PVA Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Application, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 67, 304-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.049
- Meera Moydeen, A., Syed Ali Padusha, M., Aboelfetoh, E.F., Al-Deyab, S.S., H. El-Newehy, M., (2018), Fabrication of Electrospun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Dextran Nanofibers via Emulsion Process as Drug Delivery System: Kinetics And In Vitro Release Study, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 116, 1250-1259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.130
- Cui, Z., Zheng, Z., Lin, L., Si, J., Wang, Q., Peng, X., Chen, W., (2018), Electrospinning and Crosslinking of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Composite Nanofiber for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Advances of Polymer Technology, 37, 1917–1928. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21850
- Rahmani, F., Ziyadi, H., Baghali, M., Luo, H., Ramakrishna, S., (2021), Electrospun PVP/PVA Nanofiber Mat as a Novel Potential Transdermal Drug-Delivery System for Buprenorphine: A Solution Needed for Pain Management, Applied Sciences, 11, 2779. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062779
- Acik, G., Turhan Cakir, N., Altinkok, C., (2024), Development of Organosoluble, Quaternized and Naproxen Sodium-Loaded Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Electrospun Nanofibers, European Polymer Journal, 221, 113565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj. 2024.113565
- Wang, W., Wang, Y., Zhao, W., Zhao, C., (2022), A Straightforward Approach towards Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Multifunctional Nanofiber Membranes with Sustained Drug Release Profiles, Macromolecular Bioscience, 22, 11, 2200150, https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200150
- Gutschmidt, D., Hazra, R.S., Zhou, X., Xu, X., Sabzi, M., Jiang, L., (2021), Electrospun, Sepiolite-Loaded Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Soy Protein Isolate Nanofibers: Preparation, Characterization, and Their Drug Release Behavior, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 594, 120172, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijpharm. 2020.120172
- Pei, J., Yan, Y., Palanisamy, C. P., Jayaraman, S., Natarajan, P. M., Umapathy, V. R., Gopathy, S., Roy, J. R., Sadagopan, J. C., Thalamati, D., Mironescu, M., (2024), Materials-Based Drug Delivery Approaches: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, Green Processing and Synthesis, 13, 1, 20230094. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0094
- Gizli, N., Sert Çok, S., Koç, F., (2022), Chapter 7 - Aerogel, xerogel, and cryogel: Synthesis, surface chemistry, and properties—Practical environmental applications and the future developments, Editor(s): Dimitrios Giannakoudakis, Lucas Meili, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Advanced Materials for Sustainable Environmental Remediation, Elsevier, 195-229, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-323-90485-8.00021-7
- Cuce, E., Mert Cuce, P., Wood, C.J., Riffat, B.S., (2014), Toward Aerogel Based Thermal Superinsulation In Buildings: A Comprehensive Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, 273-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.017
- Long, J.W., Swider‐Lyons, K.E., Stroud, R. M., Rolison, D.R., (2000), Design of Pore and Matter Architectures in Manganese Oxide Charge‐Storage Materials, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 3, 10, 453. DOI: 10.1149/1.1391177
- Reim, M., Beck, A., Körner, W., Petricevic, R., Glora, M., Weth, M., Schliermann, T., Fricke, J., Schmidt, Ch, Pötter, F.J., (2002), Highly Insulating Aerogel Glazing For Solar Energy Usage, Solar Energy, 72, 1, 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(01) 00086-X
- Amonette, J.E., Matyáš, J., (2017), Functionalized Silica Aerogels for Gas-Phase Purification, Sensing, and Catalysis: A Review, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 250, 100-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.04.055
- García-González, C.A., Sosnik, A., Kalmár, J., De Marco, I., Erkey, C., Concheiro, A., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., (2021), Aerogels In Drug Delivery: From Design To Application, Journal of Controlled Release, 332, 40-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.012
- Torres-Rodriguez, J., Gutierrez-Cano, V., Menelaou, M., Kaštyl, J., Cihlář, J., Tkachenko, S., González, J.A., Kalmár, J., Fábián, I., Lázár, I., Čelko, L., Kaiser, J., (2019), Rare-Earth Zirconate Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln: La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) Powders, Xerogels, and Aerogels: Preparation, Structure, and Properties, Inorganic Chemistry, 58, 21, 14467-14477, https://doi.org/10.1021/ acs.inorgchem.9b01965
- Tüysüz, H., Schüth, F., (2012), Chapter 2 - Ordered Mesoporous Materials as Catalysts, Editor(s): Bruce C. Gates, Friederike C. Jentoft, Advances in Catalysis, Academic Press, 55, 127-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385516-9.00002-8
- Zhou, H.J., Teng, S.H., Zhou, Y.B., Qian, H.S., (2020), Green Strategy to Develop Novel Drug-Containing Poly (ε-Caprolactone)-Chitosan-Silica Xerogel Hybrid Fibers for Biomedical Applications, Journal of Nanomaterials, 6659287. https: //doi. org/10.1155/2020/6659287
- Rajalekshmy, G., Rekha, M., (2021), Synthesis and Evaluation of An Alginate-Methacrylate Xerogel for Insulin Delivery Towards Wound Healing Applications, Therapeutic Delivery, 12, 215–234. https://doi.org/10.4155/tde-2020-0128
- Rafati, A., Ebadi, A., Bavafa, S., Nowroozi, A., (2018), Kinetic Study, Structural Analysis and Computational Investigation of Novel Xerogel Based on Drug-PEG/SiO2 for Controlled Release of Enrofloxacin, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 266, 733–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.104
- Križman, K., Novak, S., Kristl, J., Majdič, G., Drnovšek, N., (2021), Long-Acting Silk Fibroin Xerogel Delivery Systems for Controlled Release of Estradiol, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 65,102701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst. 2021.102701
- Chen, X.S., Carillo, M., Haltiwanger, R.C., Bradley, P., (2005), Solid State Characterization of Mometasone Furoate Anhydrous and Monohydrate Forms, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 94, 11, 2496-2509, https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.20470
- Rivelli, G.G., Perez, A.C., Silva, P.H.R., de Lima Gomes, E.C., de Souza Moreira, C.P., Tamashiro, E., Valera, F.C.P., Anselmo-Lima, W.T., Pianetti, G.A., Silva-Cunha, A., (2021), Biodegradable Electrospun Nanofibers: A New Approach for Rhinosinusitis Treatment, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 163, 105852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105852
- Bora, N. S., Mazumder, B., Mandal, S., Bhutia, Y. D., Das, S., Karmakar, S., Chattopadhyay, P., Dwivedi, S. K., (2019), Protective Effect of A Topical Sunscreen Formulation Fortified With Melatonin Against UV-Induced Photodermatitis: An Immunomodulatory Effect Via NF-Κb Suppression, Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 41, 1, 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2019.1566358
- Marto, J., Ascenso, A., Gonçalves, L. M., Gouveia, L. F., Manteigas, P., Pinto, P., Oliveira, E., Almeida, A. J., Ribeiro, H. M., (2016), Melatonin-Based Pickering Emulsion for Skin’s Photoprotection, Drug Delivery, 23, 5, 1594–1607. https://doi.org/ 10.3109/10717544.2015.1128496
- Mirmajidi, T., Chogan, F., Rezayan, A.H., Sharifi, A.M., (2021), In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of A Nanofiber Wound Dressing Loaded With Melatonin, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 596, 120213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120213
- Romeo, A., Kazsoki, A., Omer, S., Pinke, B., Mészáros, L., Musumeci, T., Zelkó, R., (2023), Formulation and Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibers for Melatonin Ocular Delivery, Pharmaceutics, 15, 1296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ pharmaceutics15041296
- Kortesuo, P., Ahola, M., Karlsson, S., Kangasniemi, I., Yli-Urpo, A., Kiesvaara, J., (2000), Silica Xerogel As An Implantable Carrier for Controlled Drug Delivery—Evaluation of Drug Distribution and Tissue Effects After Implantation, Biomaterials, 21, 2, 193-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00148-9
- DrugBank Online, Mometasone furoate monohydrate, https://go.drugbank.com/salts/DBSALT001244, 21/01/2025.
- Drug Bank Online, Melatonin, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/ DB01065, 21/01/2025.
- Bryans, T.R., Brawner, V.L., Quitevis, E.L., (2000), Microstructure and Porosity of Silica Xerogel Monoliths Prepared by the Fast Sol-Gel Method, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 17, 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008711921746
- Yue, W., Liang, J., Wang, H. et al., (2022), Preparation and Properties of Enzyme-Carrying Silica Xerogel Based on TMOS/MTMS Co-Precursors, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 102, 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05739-7.
- Altuntaş, E., Yener, G., (2017), Formulation and Evaluation of Thermoreversible In Situ Nasal Gels Containing Mometasone Furoate for Allergic Rhinitis, AAPS PharmSciTech, 18, 2673–2682 https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0747-8
- Mesut, B., Tok, Y. P., Alkan, B., Vefai, M. K., Al-Mohaya, M., Özsoy, Y., (2023), Effect of Mannitol Particle Size on Melatonin Dissolution and Tablet Properties Using a Quality by Design Framework, Dissolution Technology, 2, 12-21. https://doi.org/ 10.14227/DT300123P12
- Mansur, H.S., Sadahira, C.M., Souza, A.N., Mansur, A.A.P., (2008), FTIR Spectroscopy Characterization of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel With Different Hydrolysis Degree and Chemically Crosslinked With Glutaraldehyde, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 28, 4, 539-548, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.msec.2007.10.088
- Topal, B., Cetin Altindal, D., Gümüşderelioğlu, M., (2015), Melatonin/Hpβcd Complex: Microwave Synthesis, Integration with Chitosan Scaffolds and Inhibitory Effects On MG-63CELLS, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.028
- Li, J., Wu, W., Yang, H., Wang, X., Wang, X., Sun, C., Hu, Z., (2019), Rigid Silica Xerogel/Alumina Fiber Composites and Their Thermal Insulation Properties, Journal of Porous Materials, 26, 1177–1184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-018-0711-3
- Barkat K., Ahmad M., Usman Minhas M., Khalid I., Nasir B., (2018), Development and Characterization of Ph‐Responsive Polyethylene Glycol‐Co‐Poly (Methacrylic Acid) Polymeric Network System for Colon Target Delivery of Oxaliplatin: Its Acute Oral Toxicity Study, Advances in Polymer Technology, 37, 6, 1806–1822. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21840
- Bakshi, S., Pandey, P., Mohammed, Y., Wang, J., Sailor, M.J., Popat, A., Parekh, H.S., Kumeria, T., (2023), Porous Silicon Embedded in a Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Intranasal Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs To Treat Rhinosinusitis, Journal of Controlled Release, 363, 452-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel. 2023.09.045
- Thakker, K., (2020), Topicals and Transdermals, In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Special Dosage Forms, Edited by Nikoletta Fotaki and Sandra Klein, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, UK, 155-210
- Deng, L., Hou, M., Lv, N., Zhou, Q., Hua, X., Hu, X., Ge, X., Zhu, X., Xu, Y., Yang, H., Chen, X., Liu, H., He, F., (2024), Melatonin-Encapsuled Silk Fibroin Electrospun Nanofibers Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration Through Regulation of Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling, Materials Today Bio, 2, 25, 100985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100985
- Dash, S., Murthy, P.N., Nath, L., Chowdhury, P., (2010), Kinetic Modeling on Drug Release from Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica Drug Research, 67, 3, 217-223. PMID: 20524422.