Öz
Autotheory is a feminist style of writing and artistic practice that integrates lived experiences with critical theory and/or philosophy. Having roots in a long history of feminist literature, philosophy, and activism, autotheory deconstructs traditional boundaries such as those between theory and practice, the personal and the theoretical, art and life, and mind and body. This article outlines the feminist genealogy of autotheory, tracing its roots from the eighteenth-century women’s confessional writing, through second-wave feminist ideas such as “the personal is political,” to poststructuralist critiques of Cartesian subjectivity, postmodern feminist notions of gender performativity, and intersectional feminist interventions. It also highlights how autotheory resists the phallocentric hierarchies of knowledge production. Moreover, it examines the transformative potential of autotheory due to its re-definition of the self as plural, diverse and relational through strategies like citation and collaborative writing. Ultimately, this study emphasises autotheory’s role in dismantling traditional epistemic structures regarding subjectivity and theory-making while providing a space for marginalized voices to engage in theoretical discourse through lived experiences.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Autotheory Feminism(S) Subjectivity Critical Theory Lived Experiences
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, Sara. Living a Feminist Life. Duke University Press, 2017.
- Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. Translated by H. M. Parshley, Penguin Books, 1949.
- Butler, Judith. “The Body You Want: An Interview with Judith Butler,” Interview by Liz Kotz. Artforum 32, no. 3 (1992): 82-89. https://www.artforum.com/features/the-body-you-want-an-inteview-with-judith-butler-203347/
- -----. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge, 1990.
- -----. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory,” Theatre Journal 40, no. 4 (1988): 519–31.
- Cavitch, Max. “Everybody’s Autotheory,” PMLA 137, no. 1 (2022): 81-85.
- Cixous, Hélène. “The Laugh of the Medusa,” Translated by Keith Cohen and Paula Cohen, Signs 1, no. 4 (1976): 875–93.
- Clare, Ralph. “Becoming Autotheory,” Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 76, no. 1 (2020): 85-107.
- Descartes, René. Discourse on Method; and Meditations on First Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1993.
- Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Translated by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, The John Hopkins University Press, 2016.
- Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Translated by Colin Gordon, 1st American ed, Pantheon Books, 1980.
- -----. “What Is an Author?” in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, Edited by Donald F. Bouchard, 113-138. Cornell University Press, 1977.
- Fournier, Lauren. Autotheory as Feminist Practice in Art, Writing, and Criticism. The MIT Press, 2021.
- -----. “From Philosopher’s Wife to Feminist Autotheorist: Performing Phallic Mimesis as Parody in Chris Kraus’s I Love Dick,” English Studies in Canada 45, no. 4 (2019): 23-52.
- -----. “Sick Women, Sad Girls, and Selfie Theory: Autotheory as Contemporary Feminist Practice,” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 33, (2018): 643-662.
- -----. “Autotheory-Lauren Fournier,” Accessed March 18, 2025. http://laurenfournier.net/Autotheory
- Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. “‘Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper?’,” Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, no. 4 (2011): 265. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.17.4.265
- -----. The Yellow Wallpaper. Virago Press, 1981.
- Gloria, Anzaldúa and Cherríe Moraga. (eds.) This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color. London: Persephone Press, 1981.
- Hedva, Johanna. “Sick Woman Theory,” Mask Magazine 2016. http://www.maskmagazine.com/not-again/struggle/sick-woman-theory
- hooks, bell. Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom. Routledge, 1994.
- Irigaray, Luce. Speculum of the Other Woman. Translated by Gillian Gill. Cornell University Press, 1985. Kraus, Chris. I Love Dick. Semiotext(e), 1997.
- Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits. Translated by Bruce Fink. WW Norton, 2007.
- Levesque-Jalbert, Emile. “’This Is Not an Autofiction’: Autoteoría, French Feminism, and Living in Theory’,” Johns Hopkins University Press, 76, no. 1 (2020): 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1353/arq.2020.0002.
- Lorde, Audre. Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. Trumansburg, N.Y.: Crossing Press, 1982.
- -----. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press, 1984.
- Nadir, Leila C. “More Life After Ruins: Autotheory, the Politics of Citation, and the Limits of The Scholarly Gaze,” ASAP/Journal 6, no. 3 (2021): 547-550. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asa.2021.0053
- Nelson, Maggie. The Argonauts. Graywolf Press, 2015.
- Piper, Adrian. “Food for the Spirit, July 1971,” High Performance 4, no. 1 (1971): 34-35. Print.
- Plath, Sylvia. The Bell Jar. 1st US ed. Harper & Row, 1971.
- Preciado, Paul B. Testo Junkie: Sex, Drugs, and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era. Translated by Bruce Benderson, New York, NY: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 2013.
- Sarup, Madan. An Introductory Guide to Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. Sexton, Anne. Live or Die. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966.
- Trondalen, Gro. “Musical intersubjectivity,” The Arts in Psychotherapy 65, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2019.101589.
- Truth, Sojourner. Ain’t I a Woman? National Geographic Books, 2021.
- Young, Stacey. Changing the Wor(l)d: Discourse, Politics and the Feminist Movement. Routledge, 1997.
- Zwartjes, Arianne. “Under the Skin: An Exploration of Autotheory,” Assay: A Journal of Nonfiction Studies 6, no. 1 (2019). Accessed 1 April 2023. https://www.assayjournal.com/arianne-zwartjes8203-under-the-skin-an-exploration-of autotheory-61.html
Öz
Ototeori, yaşanmış deneyimleri eleştirel teori ve/veya felsefeyle bütünleştiren feminist bir yazı ve sanatsal uygulama tarzıdır. Kökleri feminist edebiyat, felsefe ve aktivizmin uzun tarihine dayanan ototeori, teori ile pratiğin, kişisel olan ile teorik olanın, sanat ile yaşamın ve zihin ile bedenin arasındaki geleneksel sınırları yapıbozuma uğratır. Bu makale, köklerini 18. yüzyıldaki kadın yazarların itiraf yazınından, “kişisel olan politiktir” gibi ikinci dalga feminist fikirlere, Kartezyen öznelliğin postyapısalcı eleştirilerine, postmodern feminist ‘toplumsal cinsiyet performatifliğine ve kesişimsel feminist müdahalelere kadar takip ederek, ototeorinin feminist tarihini özetlemektedir. Aynı zamanda ototeorinin bilgi üretiminin fallus merkezli hiyerarşilerine nasıl direndiğini de vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca bu makale, ototeorinin, alıntı yapma ve işbirlikçi yazım gibi stratejiler aracılığıyla benliği çoğul, çeşitli ve ilişkisel olarak yeniden tanımlaması nedeniyle, dönüştürücü potansiyelini incelemektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, bir yandan marjinalleştirilmiş seslerin yaşanmış deneyimler aracılığıyla teorik söylemle meşgul olmaları için bir alan sağlarken, bir yandan da öznellik ve teori oluşturmaya ilişkin geleneksel epistemik yapıları parçalamada ototeorinin rolünü vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ototeori Feminizm(Ler) Öznellik Eleştirel Teori Yaşanmış Deneyimler
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, Sara. Living a Feminist Life. Duke University Press, 2017.
- Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. Translated by H. M. Parshley, Penguin Books, 1949.
- Butler, Judith. “The Body You Want: An Interview with Judith Butler,” Interview by Liz Kotz. Artforum 32, no. 3 (1992): 82-89. https://www.artforum.com/features/the-body-you-want-an-inteview-with-judith-butler-203347/
- -----. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge, 1990.
- -----. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory,” Theatre Journal 40, no. 4 (1988): 519–31.
- Cavitch, Max. “Everybody’s Autotheory,” PMLA 137, no. 1 (2022): 81-85.
- Cixous, Hélène. “The Laugh of the Medusa,” Translated by Keith Cohen and Paula Cohen, Signs 1, no. 4 (1976): 875–93.
- Clare, Ralph. “Becoming Autotheory,” Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 76, no. 1 (2020): 85-107.
- Descartes, René. Discourse on Method; and Meditations on First Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1993.
- Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Translated by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, The John Hopkins University Press, 2016.
- Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Translated by Colin Gordon, 1st American ed, Pantheon Books, 1980.
- -----. “What Is an Author?” in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, Edited by Donald F. Bouchard, 113-138. Cornell University Press, 1977.
- Fournier, Lauren. Autotheory as Feminist Practice in Art, Writing, and Criticism. The MIT Press, 2021.
- -----. “From Philosopher’s Wife to Feminist Autotheorist: Performing Phallic Mimesis as Parody in Chris Kraus’s I Love Dick,” English Studies in Canada 45, no. 4 (2019): 23-52.
- -----. “Sick Women, Sad Girls, and Selfie Theory: Autotheory as Contemporary Feminist Practice,” a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 33, (2018): 643-662.
- -----. “Autotheory-Lauren Fournier,” Accessed March 18, 2025. http://laurenfournier.net/Autotheory
- Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. “‘Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper?’,” Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, no. 4 (2011): 265. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.17.4.265
- -----. The Yellow Wallpaper. Virago Press, 1981.
- Gloria, Anzaldúa and Cherríe Moraga. (eds.) This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color. London: Persephone Press, 1981.
- Hedva, Johanna. “Sick Woman Theory,” Mask Magazine 2016. http://www.maskmagazine.com/not-again/struggle/sick-woman-theory
- hooks, bell. Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom. Routledge, 1994.
- Irigaray, Luce. Speculum of the Other Woman. Translated by Gillian Gill. Cornell University Press, 1985. Kraus, Chris. I Love Dick. Semiotext(e), 1997.
- Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits. Translated by Bruce Fink. WW Norton, 2007.
- Levesque-Jalbert, Emile. “’This Is Not an Autofiction’: Autoteoría, French Feminism, and Living in Theory’,” Johns Hopkins University Press, 76, no. 1 (2020): 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1353/arq.2020.0002.
- Lorde, Audre. Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. Trumansburg, N.Y.: Crossing Press, 1982.
- -----. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press, 1984.
- Nadir, Leila C. “More Life After Ruins: Autotheory, the Politics of Citation, and the Limits of The Scholarly Gaze,” ASAP/Journal 6, no. 3 (2021): 547-550. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asa.2021.0053
- Nelson, Maggie. The Argonauts. Graywolf Press, 2015.
- Piper, Adrian. “Food for the Spirit, July 1971,” High Performance 4, no. 1 (1971): 34-35. Print.
- Plath, Sylvia. The Bell Jar. 1st US ed. Harper & Row, 1971.
- Preciado, Paul B. Testo Junkie: Sex, Drugs, and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era. Translated by Bruce Benderson, New York, NY: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 2013.
- Sarup, Madan. An Introductory Guide to Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. Sexton, Anne. Live or Die. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966.
- Trondalen, Gro. “Musical intersubjectivity,” The Arts in Psychotherapy 65, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2019.101589.
- Truth, Sojourner. Ain’t I a Woman? National Geographic Books, 2021.
- Young, Stacey. Changing the Wor(l)d: Discourse, Politics and the Feminist Movement. Routledge, 1997.
- Zwartjes, Arianne. “Under the Skin: An Exploration of Autotheory,” Assay: A Journal of Nonfiction Studies 6, no. 1 (2019). Accessed 1 April 2023. https://www.assayjournal.com/arianne-zwartjes8203-under-the-skin-an-exploration-of autotheory-61.html
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Uygulamalı Felsefe(Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 2 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Mart 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 5 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Sayı: 23 |
