Gemi Adamı Sağlık Kurulu Raporu için Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine Başvuran Ergenlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Öz
Amaç: On sekiz yaş altı denizciler, Denizcilerin Sağlık Direktifi ve Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü'nün (ILO) Çocuk ve Genç Kişilerin İstihdamına Uygunluk İçin Tıbbi Muayene ile ilgili 77 No'lu Sözleşmesi uyarınca yıllık periyodik sağlık muayenelerinden geçmektedir. Bu çalışma, çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğinde denizci sağlık komitesi raporu için değerlendirilen ergen hastaların sosyodemografik özelliklerini ve psikiyatrik tanılarını belirleyerek ergen denizcilerin ruh sağlığını vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya Temmuz 2022-Kasım 2022 tarihleri arasında Rize Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Gemi Adamlığı için Sağlık Kurulu’na ilk kez başvuran, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Polikliniği’nde değerlendirilen 105 ergen alınmıştır. Hastaların sosyodemografik ve klinik verileri çocuk psikiyatri uzmanı tarafından oluşturulan, ergenlerin kişisel verileri psikiyatrik tanıları, gemi adamlığına uygunluğunu içeren anket ile elde edilmiştir. Ergenlerin şimdiki ve geçmiş psikiyatrik tanıları DSM-5’e dayalı yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi olan Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi–Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli (ÇDGŞG-ŞY) ile belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 105 olgunun %97,1’i (102) erkek, %2,9’u (3) kızdı. Ortalama yaş 13,8 ±0,8 yıl olarak saptandı. Olguların %18.1’inin daha önce psikiyatrik başvurusu olduğu, %6,7’sinin daha önce psikiyatrik ilaç kullanımı olduğu görüldü. Gençlerden %1.9’unun gemi adamı olmaz raporu aldığı, %13,3’ünün ise iki yıldan sık aralıklarla takip edilmesi gerektiği saptandı.
Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar ergen yaş grubunda gemi adamlığı açısından geçmişte psikiyatrik hastalıkların olabileceği ancak mevcut psikiyatrik hastalıkların gemi adamı olma açısından uzun süreli olumsuz etkisi olmadığı göstermektedir. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar denizcilik sektöründe çalışan gençlerin ruh sağlığı konusunda farkındalık oluşturulması adına hem çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığı profesyonellerine hem de koruyucu sağlık politikalarını geliştirenlere rehberlik edebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Arslan Ö. Human resources management for Turkish seafarers: Master's Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science; 2006.
- 2. Jensen H-J, Oldenburg M. Objective and subjective measures to assess stress among seafarers. Int Marit Health. 2021;72(1):49-54.
- 3. Jensen H-J, Oldenburg M. Training seafarers to deal with multicultural crew members and stress on board. Int Marit Health. 2020;71(3):174-80.
- 4. Jensen H-J, Oldenburg M. Potentially traumatic experiences of seafarers. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2019;14(1):17-.
- 5. Jegaden D, Menaheze M, Lucas D, Loddé B, Dewitte J-D. Don’t forget about seafarer’s boredom. Int Marit Health. 2019;70(2):82-7.
- 6. Seafarers and Pilots Regulations 2018 [Available from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/02/20180210-9.htm.
- 7. Fort E, Massardier-Pilonchéry A, Bergeret A. Psychoactive substances consumption in French fishermen and merchant seamen. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010;83(5):497-509.
- 8. Jepsen JR, Zhao Z, Pekcan C, Barnett M, van Leeuwen WMA. Risk Factors for Fatigue in Shipping, the Consequences for Seafarers’ Health and Options for Preventive Intervention. Maritime Psychology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 127-50.
- 9. Jonglertmontree W, Kaewboonchoo O, Morioka I, Boonyamalik P. Mental health problems and their related factors among seafarers: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):282-.
- 10. Nittari G, Gibelli F, Bailo P, Sirignano A, Ricci G. Factors affecting mental health of seafarers on board merchant ships: a systematic review. Rev Environ Health. 2024;39(1):151-60.
- 11. Borovnik M. Occupational health and safety of merchant seafarers from Kiribati and Tuvalu. Asia Pacific Viewpoint. 2011;52(3):333-46.
- 12. Kınalı H, Yıldırım U, Toygar A. A quantitative study on the mental health of Turkish seafarers. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2022;28(4):2657-67.
- 13. Mellbye A, Carter T. Seafarers’ depression and suicide. Int Marit Health. 2017;68(2):108-14.
- 14. Lodde B, Jegaden D, Lucas D, Feraud M, Eusen Y, Dewitte J-D. Stress in seamen and non seamen employed by the same company. Int Marit Health. 2008;59(1-4):53-60.
- 15. Lefkowitz RY, Slade MD, Lefkowitz R, Slade M. Seafarer Mental Health Study. ITF Seafarers Trust & Yale University: ITF House, 2019;49-60.
- 16. Brooks SK, Greenberg N. Mental health and psychological wellbeing of maritime personnel: a systematic review. BMC Psychology. 2022;10(1):139.
- 17. Li X, Zhou Y, Yuen KF. A systematic review on seafarer health: Conditions, antecedents and interventions. Transport Policy. 2022;122:11-25.
- 18. McVeigh J, MacLachlan M. A silver wave? Filipino shipmates’ experience of merchant seafaring. Marine Policy. 2019;99:283-97.
- 19. Organization IM. Women in Maritime 2019 [Available from: https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/technicalcooperation/pages/womeninmaritime.aspx.
- 20. New BIMCO/ICS Seafarer Workforce Report warns of serious potential officer shortage 2021 [cited 2024 04.09.2024]. Available from: https://www.ics-shipping.org/press-release/new-bimco-ics-seafarer-workforce-report-warns-of-serious-potential-officer-shortage/.
- 21. Cahoon L, Therese. Women seafarers and their experiences of discrimination and harassment at sea: Gendered barriers to the maritime industry. Marine Policy. 2021;130(104211).
- 22. Sari I, Akkaya, G. A Study on Maritime Students’ Career Awareness and Expectations in Turkey. Journal of ETA Maritime Science. 2019;7(2):154-69.
- 23. Turker U, Altin, A. An Investigation on Maritime High School Students’ Perception and Knowledge Level about Maritime Profession. The Journal of International Maritime. 2016;3(2):45-53.
- 24. Johnson R, Miller, S. Socioeconomic status and child mental health. Pediatric Psychology Journal. 2019;33(1):45-53.
- 25. Chadwell B. The Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Gender on High School Student Perceptions About Career and Technical Education. Doctoral Dissertations and Projects. 2017(1488).
- 26. Benjet C, Borges G, Stein DJ, Méndez E, Medina-Mora ME. Epidemiology of fears and specific phobia in adolescence: results from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(2):152-8.
- 27. Catalá-López F, Peiró S, Ridao M, Sanfélix-Gimeno G, Gènova-Maleras R, Catalá MA. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in Spain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:168.
- 28. Ercan ES, Unsel-Bolat G, Tufan AE, Karakoc Demirkaya S, Bilac O, Celik G, et al. Effect of Impairment on the Prevalence and Comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a National Survey: Nation-Wide Prevalence and Comorbidities of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2021;26(5):674-84.
- 29. Madsen IEH, Nyberg ST, Magnusson Hanson LL, Ferrie JE, Ahola K, Alfredsson L, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data. Psychol Med. 2017;47(8):1342-56.
- 30. Roberts SE, Nielsen D, Kot owski A, Jaremin B. Fatal accidents and injuries among merchant seafarers worldwide. Occup Med. 2014;64(4):259-66.
Evaluation of Adolescents Applying to a Training and Research Hospital for a Seafarer Health Board Report
Öz
Aim: Seafarers under 18 years old undergo annual periodic health examinations by the Seafarers' Health Directive and the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 77 concerning the Medical Examination for Fitness for Employment of Children and Young Persons. This study aims to highlight the mental health of adolescent seafarers by determining the sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses of adolescent patients evaluated for a seafarer health committee report at the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic.
Methods: The study included 105 adolescents who applied to the Seafarer Health Committee for he first time. The sociodemographic and clinical data of the patients were obtained through a survey created by a child psychiatry specialist, which included personal information, psychiatric diagnoses, and fitness for seafaring. The current and past psychiatric diagnoses of the adolescents were determined using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), a semi-structured interview method based on DSM-5.
Results: Of the 105 cases included in the study, 97.1% (102) were male, and 2.9% (3) were female. The mean age was 13.8 ± 0.8 years. It was observed that 18.1% of the cases had a previous psychiatric referral, and 6.7% had used psychiatric medication before. It was found that 1.9% of the youth received a report stating they were unfit to be seafarers, and 13.3% needed to be monitored at intervals shorter than two years.
Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that while there may have been psychiatric disorders in the past among adolescents in the context of seafaring, current psychiatric disorders do not have long-term negative effects on the ability to become a seafarer. The findings of this study could guide both child and adolescent mental health professionals and those developing preventive health policies in raising awareness about the mental health of young people working in the maritime sector.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Arslan Ö. Human resources management for Turkish seafarers: Master's Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science; 2006.
- 2. Jensen H-J, Oldenburg M. Objective and subjective measures to assess stress among seafarers. Int Marit Health. 2021;72(1):49-54.
- 3. Jensen H-J, Oldenburg M. Training seafarers to deal with multicultural crew members and stress on board. Int Marit Health. 2020;71(3):174-80.
- 4. Jensen H-J, Oldenburg M. Potentially traumatic experiences of seafarers. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2019;14(1):17-.
- 5. Jegaden D, Menaheze M, Lucas D, Loddé B, Dewitte J-D. Don’t forget about seafarer’s boredom. Int Marit Health. 2019;70(2):82-7.
- 6. Seafarers and Pilots Regulations 2018 [Available from: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/02/20180210-9.htm.
- 7. Fort E, Massardier-Pilonchéry A, Bergeret A. Psychoactive substances consumption in French fishermen and merchant seamen. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010;83(5):497-509.
- 8. Jepsen JR, Zhao Z, Pekcan C, Barnett M, van Leeuwen WMA. Risk Factors for Fatigue in Shipping, the Consequences for Seafarers’ Health and Options for Preventive Intervention. Maritime Psychology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 127-50.
- 9. Jonglertmontree W, Kaewboonchoo O, Morioka I, Boonyamalik P. Mental health problems and their related factors among seafarers: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):282-.
- 10. Nittari G, Gibelli F, Bailo P, Sirignano A, Ricci G. Factors affecting mental health of seafarers on board merchant ships: a systematic review. Rev Environ Health. 2024;39(1):151-60.
- 11. Borovnik M. Occupational health and safety of merchant seafarers from Kiribati and Tuvalu. Asia Pacific Viewpoint. 2011;52(3):333-46.
- 12. Kınalı H, Yıldırım U, Toygar A. A quantitative study on the mental health of Turkish seafarers. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2022;28(4):2657-67.
- 13. Mellbye A, Carter T. Seafarers’ depression and suicide. Int Marit Health. 2017;68(2):108-14.
- 14. Lodde B, Jegaden D, Lucas D, Feraud M, Eusen Y, Dewitte J-D. Stress in seamen and non seamen employed by the same company. Int Marit Health. 2008;59(1-4):53-60.
- 15. Lefkowitz RY, Slade MD, Lefkowitz R, Slade M. Seafarer Mental Health Study. ITF Seafarers Trust & Yale University: ITF House, 2019;49-60.
- 16. Brooks SK, Greenberg N. Mental health and psychological wellbeing of maritime personnel: a systematic review. BMC Psychology. 2022;10(1):139.
- 17. Li X, Zhou Y, Yuen KF. A systematic review on seafarer health: Conditions, antecedents and interventions. Transport Policy. 2022;122:11-25.
- 18. McVeigh J, MacLachlan M. A silver wave? Filipino shipmates’ experience of merchant seafaring. Marine Policy. 2019;99:283-97.
- 19. Organization IM. Women in Maritime 2019 [Available from: https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/technicalcooperation/pages/womeninmaritime.aspx.
- 20. New BIMCO/ICS Seafarer Workforce Report warns of serious potential officer shortage 2021 [cited 2024 04.09.2024]. Available from: https://www.ics-shipping.org/press-release/new-bimco-ics-seafarer-workforce-report-warns-of-serious-potential-officer-shortage/.
- 21. Cahoon L, Therese. Women seafarers and their experiences of discrimination and harassment at sea: Gendered barriers to the maritime industry. Marine Policy. 2021;130(104211).
- 22. Sari I, Akkaya, G. A Study on Maritime Students’ Career Awareness and Expectations in Turkey. Journal of ETA Maritime Science. 2019;7(2):154-69.
- 23. Turker U, Altin, A. An Investigation on Maritime High School Students’ Perception and Knowledge Level about Maritime Profession. The Journal of International Maritime. 2016;3(2):45-53.
- 24. Johnson R, Miller, S. Socioeconomic status and child mental health. Pediatric Psychology Journal. 2019;33(1):45-53.
- 25. Chadwell B. The Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Gender on High School Student Perceptions About Career and Technical Education. Doctoral Dissertations and Projects. 2017(1488).
- 26. Benjet C, Borges G, Stein DJ, Méndez E, Medina-Mora ME. Epidemiology of fears and specific phobia in adolescence: results from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(2):152-8.
- 27. Catalá-López F, Peiró S, Ridao M, Sanfélix-Gimeno G, Gènova-Maleras R, Catalá MA. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in Spain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:168.
- 28. Ercan ES, Unsel-Bolat G, Tufan AE, Karakoc Demirkaya S, Bilac O, Celik G, et al. Effect of Impairment on the Prevalence and Comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a National Survey: Nation-Wide Prevalence and Comorbidities of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2021;26(5):674-84.
- 29. Madsen IEH, Nyberg ST, Magnusson Hanson LL, Ferrie JE, Ahola K, Alfredsson L, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data. Psychol Med. 2017;47(8):1342-56.
- 30. Roberts SE, Nielsen D, Kot owski A, Jaremin B. Fatal accidents and injuries among merchant seafarers worldwide. Occup Med. 2014;64(4):259-66.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mesleki Epidemiyoloji, Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri, Ruh Sağlığı Hizmetleri |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mayıs 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Ekim 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 9 Ocak 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
