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Online education attitudes, internet use habits, and weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 55 - 64, 28.05.2025

Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu , Mehmet Ceylan , Helin Abursu , Şebnem Büşra Altunkalem Uslu , Merve Okuyucu , Şaziye Mert , Sevilay Karahan

https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1679762

Öz

Objectives: To investigate the online education participation attitudes of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders during pandemics, their internet using habits, weight gain status.

Methods: Internet using habits, weight gain status, anxiety and depressive symptom severity of participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depressive disorder during the first year of the pandemic are compared with the healthy controls.

Results: COVID-19 related psychiatric symptoms were significantly more common in the depression and anxiety group. ADHD or depression group had lower attendance to the online classes and made online friends more frequently. Duration of social media use was significantly higher in the anxiety and depressive disorder groups. Weight change ratio of the ADHD group from the beginning of the pandemic was greater than the controls.

Conclusion: During the pandemic period, anxiety or depression groups exhibited more intense psychiatric symptoms. ADHD or depression, play a role in their lower participation in classes, putting these groups at an academic disadvantage compared to their typically developing peers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder anxiety disorder child and adolescent psychiatry depression pandemic

Kaynakça

  • Ademhan Tural, D., Emiralioglu, N., Tural Hesapcioglu, S., Karahan, S., Ozsezen, B., Sunman, B., ... & Kiper, N. (2020). Psychiatric and general health effects of COVID‐19 pandemic on children with chronic lung disease and parents’ coping styles. Pediatric pulmonology, 55(12), 3579-3586.
  • Ayano, G., Demelash, S., Gizachew, Y., Tsegay, L., & Alati, R. (2023). The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Journal of affective disorders, 339, 860-866.
  • Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 545-553.
  • Blachman, D. R., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2002). Patterns of friendship among girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(6), 625–640. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020815814973
  • Bobo, E., Lin, L., Acquaviva, E., Caci, H., Franc, N., Gamon, L., ... & Purper-Ouakil, D. (2020). How do children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak?. L’encephale, 46(3S), S85-S92.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
  • Chao, A. M., Wadden, T. A., & Berkowitz, R. I. (2019). Obesity in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-0990-7
  • Chen, C.-Y., Chen, I.-H., Pakpour, A. H., Lin, C.-Y., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021). Internet-Related Behaviors and sychological Distress Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 School Hiatus. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(10), 654–663. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0497
  • Chevance, A., Gourion, D., Hoertel, N., Llorca, P. M., Thomas, P., Bocher, R., ... & Gaillard, R. (2020). Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review. L’encephale, 46(3), 193-201.
  • Cortese, S. (2019). The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling. Brain Sciences, 9(10), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100256
  • Cunningham, S. A., Hardy, S. T., Jones, R., Ng, C., Kramer, M. R., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2022). Changes in the Incidence of Childhood Obesity. Pediatrics, 150(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053708
  • Dong, H., Yang, F., Lu, X., & Hao, W. (2020). Internet Addiction and Related Psychological Factors Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00751
  • Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Miao, J., Yang, X., & Zhu, G. (2020). An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in china during the outbreak of COVID-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029
  • Fleming, M., Fitton, C. A., Steiner, M. F. C., McLay, J. S., Clark, D., King, A., Mackay, D. F., & Pell, J. P. (2017). Educational and Health Outcomes of Children Treated for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(7), e170691. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0691
  • Ghandour, R. M., Sherman, L. J., Vladutiu, C. J., Ali, M. M., Lynch, S. E., Bitsko, R. H., & Blumberg, S. J. (2019). Prevalence and Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Conduct Problems in US Children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 206, 256-267.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.021
  • Guessoum, S. B., Lachal, J., Radjack, R., Carretier, E., Minassian, S., Benoit, L., & Moro, M. R. (2020). Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264
  • Hanć, T., & Cortese, S. (2018). Attention deficit/hyperactivity-disorder and obesity: A review and model of current hypotheses explaining their comorbidity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.017
  • Huang, C. (2022). A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(1), 12–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020978434
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264-266.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
  • Kuygun Karci, C., & Arici Gurbuz, A. (2022). Challenges of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 76(5), 372–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2021.1980610
  • Lessard, L. M., & Puhl, R. M. (2021). Adolescent academic worries amid COVID-19 and perspectives on pandemic-related changes in teacher and peer relations. School Psychology, 36(5), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000443
  • Lin, L. yi, Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., Giles, L. M., & Primack, B. A. (2016). ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND DEPRESSION AMONG U.S. YOUNG ADULTS. Depression and Anxiety, 33(4), 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22466
  • Luca Pisano, Domenico M. Galimi, & Luca Cerniglia. (2020). A qualitative report on exploratory data on the possible emotional/behavioral correlates of Covid-19 lockdown in 4-10 years children in Italy.
  • Madigan, S., Racine, N., Vaillancourt, T., Korczak, D. J., Hewitt, J. M. A., Pador, P., Park, J. L., McArthur, B. A., Holy, C., & Neville, R. D. (2023). Changes in Depression and Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(6), 567. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0846
  • Marton, I., Wiener, J., Rogers, M., & Moore, C. (2015). Friendship Characteristics of Children With ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(10), 872–881. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712458971
  • Oy, B. (1991). Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 2, 132-137.
  • Powell, V., Riglin, L., Ng-Knight, T., Frederickson, N., Woolf, K., McManus, C., Collishaw, S., Shelton, K., Thapar, A., & Rice, F. (2021). Investigating Friendship Difficulties in the Pathway from ADHD to Depressive Symptoms. Can Parent–Child Relationships Compensate? Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(8), 1031–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00798-w
  • Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., & Madigan, S. (2021). Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482
  • Rundle, A. G., Park, Y., Herbstman, J. B., Kinsey, E. W., & Wang, Y. C. (2020). COVID‐19–Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children. Obesity, 28(6), 1008–1009. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22813
  • Sagioglou, C., & Greitemeyer, T. (2014). Facebook’s emotional consequences: Why Facebook causes a decrease in mood and why people still use it. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 359–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.003
  • Shuai, L., He, S., Zheng, H., Wang, Z., Qiu, M., Xia, W., Cao, X., Lu, L., & Zhang, J. (2021). Influences of digital media use on children and adolescents with ADHD during COVID-19 pandemic. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00699-z
  • Tural Hesapcioglu, S., Karahan, S., Ademhan Tural, D., & Emiralioglu, N. (2021). Validity and reliability study of coronavirus-related psychiatric symptom scale in children - parental form. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 56(3), 200–206. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2021.20256
  • Unal, F., Oktem, F., Cetin Cuhadaroglu, F., Cengel Kultur, S. E., Akdemir, D., Foto Ozdemir, D., Cak, H. T., Unal, D., Tiras, K., Aslan, C., Kalayci, B. M., Sultan Dogan, B., Kutuk, F., Yanar, E., Karaokur, R., Karabucak, B., Karakok, B., Karaer, Y., & Artik, A. (2019). Reliability and Validity of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.5080/u23408
  • Vogel, M., Geserick, M., Gausche, R., Beger, C., Poulain, T., Meigen, C., Körner, A., Keller, E., Kiess, W., & Pfäffle, R. (2022). Age- and weight group-specific weight gain patterns in children and adolescents during the 15 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Obesity, 46(1), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00968-2
  • Whiteside, U., Chen, E., Neighbors, C., Hunter, D., Lo, T., & Larimer, M. (2007). Difficulties regulating emotions: Do binge eaters have fewer strategies to modulate and tolerate negative affect? Eating Behaviors, 8(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.04.001
  • Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016). #Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self‐esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 51(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008
  • Zachary, Z., Brianna, F., Brianna, L., Garrett, P., Jade, W., Alyssa, D., & Mikayla, K. (2020). Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 14(3), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2020.05.004
  • Zhang, Y., Tang, J., & Zhang, P. (2021). An Exploratory Study on Chinese Preteens’ Internet Use and Parental ediation during the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 875-877.

Psikiyatrik bozukluğu olan çocuk ve ergenlerde COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında çevrim içi eğitime yönelik tutumlar, internet kullanım alışkanlıkları ve kilo artışı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 55 - 64, 28.05.2025

Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu , Mehmet Ceylan , Helin Abursu , Şebnem Büşra Altunkalem Uslu , Merve Okuyucu , Şaziye Mert , Sevilay Karahan

https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1679762

Öz

Amaç: Pandemi döneminde psikiyatrik bozukluğu olan çocuk ve ergenlerin çevrim içi eğitime katılım tutumlarını, internet kullanım alışkanlıklarını ve kilo artışı durumlarını araştırmak.

Yöntem: Pandeminin ilk yılında dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), anksiyete ve depresyon tanısı olan katılımcıların internet kullanım alışkanlıkları, kilo artışı durumları ile anksiyete ve depresif semptom şiddetleri sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: COVID-19 ile ilişkili psikiyatrik semptomlar, anksiyete ve depresyon grubunda anlamlı düzeyde daha yaygındı. DEHB veya depresyon grubunun çevrim içi derslere katılım oranı daha düşüktü ve çevrim içi arkadaş edinme sıklığı daha yüksekti. Sosyal medya kullanım süresi, anksiyete ve depresyon gruplarında anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı. Pandeminin başlangıcından itibaren kilo değişim oranı, DEHB grubunda kontrollere göre daha fazlaydı.

Tartışma: Pandemi süresince, anksiyete veya depresyon tanısı olan bireyler daha yoğun psikiyatrik semptomlar sergilemiştir. DEHB veya depresyon tanısı, çevrim içi derslere düşük katılım ile ilişkili olup, bu durum söz konusu bireylerin akademik açıdan tipik gelişim gösteren akranlarına kıyasla dezavantaj yaşamalarına neden olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu anksiyete bozukluğu çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi depresyon pandemi

Kaynakça

  • Ademhan Tural, D., Emiralioglu, N., Tural Hesapcioglu, S., Karahan, S., Ozsezen, B., Sunman, B., ... & Kiper, N. (2020). Psychiatric and general health effects of COVID‐19 pandemic on children with chronic lung disease and parents’ coping styles. Pediatric pulmonology, 55(12), 3579-3586.
  • Ayano, G., Demelash, S., Gizachew, Y., Tsegay, L., & Alati, R. (2023). The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Journal of affective disorders, 339, 860-866.
  • Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 545-553.
  • Blachman, D. R., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2002). Patterns of friendship among girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(6), 625–640. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020815814973
  • Bobo, E., Lin, L., Acquaviva, E., Caci, H., Franc, N., Gamon, L., ... & Purper-Ouakil, D. (2020). How do children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak?. L’encephale, 46(3S), S85-S92.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
  • Chao, A. M., Wadden, T. A., & Berkowitz, R. I. (2019). Obesity in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-0990-7
  • Chen, C.-Y., Chen, I.-H., Pakpour, A. H., Lin, C.-Y., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021). Internet-Related Behaviors and sychological Distress Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 School Hiatus. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(10), 654–663. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0497
  • Chevance, A., Gourion, D., Hoertel, N., Llorca, P. M., Thomas, P., Bocher, R., ... & Gaillard, R. (2020). Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review. L’encephale, 46(3), 193-201.
  • Cortese, S. (2019). The Association between ADHD and Obesity: Intriguing, Progressively More Investigated, but Still Puzzling. Brain Sciences, 9(10), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100256
  • Cunningham, S. A., Hardy, S. T., Jones, R., Ng, C., Kramer, M. R., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2022). Changes in the Incidence of Childhood Obesity. Pediatrics, 150(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053708
  • Dong, H., Yang, F., Lu, X., & Hao, W. (2020). Internet Addiction and Related Psychological Factors Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00751
  • Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Miao, J., Yang, X., & Zhu, G. (2020). An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in china during the outbreak of COVID-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029
  • Fleming, M., Fitton, C. A., Steiner, M. F. C., McLay, J. S., Clark, D., King, A., Mackay, D. F., & Pell, J. P. (2017). Educational and Health Outcomes of Children Treated for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(7), e170691. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0691
  • Ghandour, R. M., Sherman, L. J., Vladutiu, C. J., Ali, M. M., Lynch, S. E., Bitsko, R. H., & Blumberg, S. J. (2019). Prevalence and Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Conduct Problems in US Children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 206, 256-267.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.021
  • Guessoum, S. B., Lachal, J., Radjack, R., Carretier, E., Minassian, S., Benoit, L., & Moro, M. R. (2020). Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264
  • Hanć, T., & Cortese, S. (2018). Attention deficit/hyperactivity-disorder and obesity: A review and model of current hypotheses explaining their comorbidity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.017
  • Huang, C. (2022). A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(1), 12–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020978434
  • Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264-266.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
  • Kuygun Karci, C., & Arici Gurbuz, A. (2022). Challenges of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 76(5), 372–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2021.1980610
  • Lessard, L. M., & Puhl, R. M. (2021). Adolescent academic worries amid COVID-19 and perspectives on pandemic-related changes in teacher and peer relations. School Psychology, 36(5), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000443
  • Lin, L. yi, Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., Giles, L. M., & Primack, B. A. (2016). ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND DEPRESSION AMONG U.S. YOUNG ADULTS. Depression and Anxiety, 33(4), 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22466
  • Luca Pisano, Domenico M. Galimi, & Luca Cerniglia. (2020). A qualitative report on exploratory data on the possible emotional/behavioral correlates of Covid-19 lockdown in 4-10 years children in Italy.
  • Madigan, S., Racine, N., Vaillancourt, T., Korczak, D. J., Hewitt, J. M. A., Pador, P., Park, J. L., McArthur, B. A., Holy, C., & Neville, R. D. (2023). Changes in Depression and Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(6), 567. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0846
  • Marton, I., Wiener, J., Rogers, M., & Moore, C. (2015). Friendship Characteristics of Children With ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(10), 872–881. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712458971
  • Oy, B. (1991). Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 2, 132-137.
  • Powell, V., Riglin, L., Ng-Knight, T., Frederickson, N., Woolf, K., McManus, C., Collishaw, S., Shelton, K., Thapar, A., & Rice, F. (2021). Investigating Friendship Difficulties in the Pathway from ADHD to Depressive Symptoms. Can Parent–Child Relationships Compensate? Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(8), 1031–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00798-w
  • Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., & Madigan, S. (2021). Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482
  • Rundle, A. G., Park, Y., Herbstman, J. B., Kinsey, E. W., & Wang, Y. C. (2020). COVID‐19–Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children. Obesity, 28(6), 1008–1009. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22813
  • Sagioglou, C., & Greitemeyer, T. (2014). Facebook’s emotional consequences: Why Facebook causes a decrease in mood and why people still use it. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 359–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.003
  • Shuai, L., He, S., Zheng, H., Wang, Z., Qiu, M., Xia, W., Cao, X., Lu, L., & Zhang, J. (2021). Influences of digital media use on children and adolescents with ADHD during COVID-19 pandemic. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00699-z
  • Tural Hesapcioglu, S., Karahan, S., Ademhan Tural, D., & Emiralioglu, N. (2021). Validity and reliability study of coronavirus-related psychiatric symptom scale in children - parental form. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 56(3), 200–206. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2021.20256
  • Unal, F., Oktem, F., Cetin Cuhadaroglu, F., Cengel Kultur, S. E., Akdemir, D., Foto Ozdemir, D., Cak, H. T., Unal, D., Tiras, K., Aslan, C., Kalayci, B. M., Sultan Dogan, B., Kutuk, F., Yanar, E., Karaokur, R., Karabucak, B., Karakok, B., Karaer, Y., & Artik, A. (2019). Reliability and Validity of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.5080/u23408
  • Vogel, M., Geserick, M., Gausche, R., Beger, C., Poulain, T., Meigen, C., Körner, A., Keller, E., Kiess, W., & Pfäffle, R. (2022). Age- and weight group-specific weight gain patterns in children and adolescents during the 15 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Obesity, 46(1), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00968-2
  • Whiteside, U., Chen, E., Neighbors, C., Hunter, D., Lo, T., & Larimer, M. (2007). Difficulties regulating emotions: Do binge eaters have fewer strategies to modulate and tolerate negative affect? Eating Behaviors, 8(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.04.001
  • Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016). #Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self‐esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 51(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008
  • Zachary, Z., Brianna, F., Brianna, L., Garrett, P., Jade, W., Alyssa, D., & Mikayla, K. (2020). Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 14(3), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2020.05.004
  • Zhang, Y., Tang, J., & Zhang, P. (2021). An Exploratory Study on Chinese Preteens’ Internet Use and Parental ediation during the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 875-877.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu 0000-0002-4816-0228

Mehmet Ceylan 0000-0002-8391-8508

Helin Abursu 0000-0002-5760-2286

Şebnem Büşra Altunkalem Uslu 0000-0002-5604-3259

Merve Okuyucu 0000-0003-2888-7443

Şaziye Mert 0000-0003-0962-9326

Sevilay Karahan 0000-0002-8692-7266

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tural Hesapçıoğlu, S., Ceylan, M., Abursu, H., Altunkalem Uslu, Ş. B., vd. (2025). Online education attitudes, internet use habits, and weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Turkish Medical Journal, 10(2), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.70852/tmj.1679762
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