Öz
The integration of artificial intelligence technologies and algorithms into the film industry has sparked considerable debate. Since the 1990s, mainstream cinema has become inseparable from digitalization in all its aspects. Today, within the broader framework of digital transformation, it is possible to speak of a new phase: algorithmic cinema. With the rise of AI research, algorithmic practices are profoundly transforming cinema’s three core components: production, distribution, and exhibition. Due to the mathematical precision of algorithms, this transformation is structured around formulation and classification, giving rise to a new industrial configuration. This article aims to articulate the key dynamics of this emergent structure. Methodologically, it adopts a critical theory approach that engages with socio-cultural conditions through a dialectical lens, situated within the broader field of communication and the social sciences. The study focuses on several interrelated issues: the changing nature of creativity under the influence of generative AI; the threats posed to artistic labor; the determining role of algorithms in shaping access to and the exhibition of film; and the essential transformation cinema undergoes in light of these shifts. In conclusion, the current and potential impacts of artificial intelligence and algorithmic systems suggest that these technologies exceed the role of mere tools. They are actively reshaping the very conditions of cinematic production, assuming a creative agency comparable to that of human producers, and exerting an increasingly dominant and encompassing influence over the ways films are distributed, accessed, and consumed.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Algorithmic Cinema Film Industry
Kaynakça
- Anderson, C. (2008). The long tail: Why the future of business is selling more for less. Hyperion. Andrejevic, M. (2019). Automated media. Routledge.
- Andrew, D. (2018). Sinema Nedir! Bazin’in Arayışı, (M. Tümen, Çev). Küre Yayınları.
- Bedingfield, W. (2023, November 27). The Problems Lurking in Hollywood’s Historic AI Deal. Wired: https://www.wired.com/story/hollywood-actors-deal-artifcial-intelligence-future/ adresinden alındı
- Bender, S. (2024). Generative-AI, the media industries, and the disappearance of human creative labour. Media Practice and Education, s. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741136.2024.2355597
- Berry, D. M. (2019). Against infrasomatization: Towards a critical theory of algorithms. D. Bigo, E. Isin, & E. Ruppert içinde, Data politics: Worlds, subjects, rights. Routledge.
- Chayka, K. (2020, Kasım 16). Emily in Paris and the rise of ambient tv. New Yorker: https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/emily-in-paris-and-the-rise-of-ambient-tv adresinden alındı
- Cheney-Lippold, J. (2011). A new algorithmic identity: Soft biopolitics and the modulation of control. Control, Theory, Culture & Society, 28(6), s. 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327641142442
- Chow, P.-S. (2020). Ghost in the (Hollywood) machine: Emergent applications of artificial intelligence in the film industry. NECSUS_European Journal of Media Studies, 9(1), s. 193-214. https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14307
- Coeckelbergh, M. (2023). The work of art in the age of AI image generation: Aesthetics and human-technology relations as process and performance. Journal of human technology relations, 1. https://doi.org/10.59490/jhtr.2023.1.7025
- De Landa, M. (1991). War in the age of intelligent machines. Zone Books.
- Enzensberger, H. M. (1970). Constituents of a Theory of the Media. New Left Review, (64), 13.
- Frey, M. (2021). MUBI and the curation model of video on demand. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Given, L. M. (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods: Volumes 1&2. Sage.
- Guy, J. (2025, January 22). ‘The Brutalist’ has come under fire for use of AI. But is it really that big of a deal? CNN Entertainment: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/22/entertainment/the-brutalist-ai-controversy-scli-intl/index.html adresinden alındı
- Han, B.-C. (2019). Psikopolitika: Neoliberalizm ve Yeni İktidar Teknikleri (H. Barışcan, Çev.). Metis.
- Hansen, M. (2024). From attention economy to cognitive lock-ins. Big Data & Society, 11(3), s. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517241275878
- Hülür, H., & Ölçer, H. (2025). Yapay zekâ ve algoritma diktatörlüğü. H. Hülür, & C. Yaşın içinde, Yapay Zeka Toplum ve Kültür. Ütopya Yayınevi.
- Kaitlin, W., & Sharif, M. (2022). Down a rabbit hole: How prior media consumption shapes subsequent media consumption. Journal of Marketing Research, 59(3), s. 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437211055403
- Kitchin, R. (2016). Thinking critically about and researching algorithms. Information, Communication & Society, 20(1), s. 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1154087
- Kompatsiaris, P. (2024). Curation in the age of platform capitalism: The value of selection, narration, and expertise in new media cultures. Taylor & Francis.
- Lévy, P. (2025). Symbolism, digital culture and artificial intelligence. RED: revista de educación a distancia, 25(81), s. 1-20.
- Manovich, L. (2021). Dijital sinema nedir. S. Denson, & J. Leyda içinde, Post-Sinema: 21. Yüzyıl sinemasının kuramsallaştırılması. İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
- Manovich, L. (2023). AI image and generative media: Notes on ongoing revolution. L. Manovich, & E. Arielli içinde, Aesthetics a critical guide to AI, media and design.
- Marcuse, H. (1990). Tek boyutlu insan: İleri işleyim toplumunun ideolojisi üzerine incelemeler (A. Yardımlı, Çev.). İdea.
- Miyazaki, S. (2020). Critical re-modelling of algorithm-driven intelligence as commonist media practice. NECSUS_European Journal of Media Studies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14309
- Moravec, H. (1988). Mind children: The future of robot and human intelligence. Harvard University Press.
- Morrison, R. (2024, May 23). The Times. Is Scarlett Johansson right to worry? I spent a morning with AI to find out: https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/scarlett-johansson-ai-voice-chatbot-richard-morrison-arts-column-m50wwpw0c adresinden alındı
- Mouriquand, D. (2025, Mart 21). 400'den fazla sanatçı, yapay zeka şirketlerinin telif hakkı ihlalini protesto için Trump'a mektup gönderdi. Euronews: https://tr.euronews.com/kultur/2025/03/21/400den-fazla-sanatci-yapay-zeka-sirketlerinin-telif-hakki-ihlalini-protesto-icin-trumpa-me adresinden alındı
- Pajkovic, N. (2022). Algorithms and taste-making: Exposing the Netflix recommender system’s operational logics. Convergence, 28(1), s. 214-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211014464
- Poell, T., Nieborg, D., & Brooke, E. (2022). Platforms and cultural production. Polity.
- Rouvroy, A. (2020). Algorithmic governmentality and the death of politics. Green European Journal: https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/algorithmic-governmentality-and-the-death-of-politics adresinden alındı
- Sahota, N. (2024, Mayıs 20). AI Is changing the movie theater experience… For the better? Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilsahota/2024/05/20/ai-is-changing-the-movie-theater-experience-for-the-better adresinden alındı
- Shapiro, S. (2020). Algorithmic television in the age of large-scale customization. Television & New Media, 21(6), s. 658-663. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476420919691
- Sim, G. (2023). The Idea of genre in the algorithmic cinema. Television & New Media, 24(5), s. 510-523. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764231171072
- Smits, R. (2019). Gatekeeping in the evolving business of independent film distribution. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Srnicek, N. (2017). The challenges of platform capitalism: Understanding the logic of a new business model. Juncture, 23, s. 254-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/newe.12023
- Sun, P. (2024). A study of artificial intelligence in the production of film. SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 183). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418303004
- Swartz, C. S. (2005). Understanding digital cinema: A professional handbook. Focal Press.
- Tefertiller, A., Maxwell, L., & Morris, D. (2019). Social media goes to the movies: Fear of missing out, social capital, and social motivations of cinema attendance. Mass Communication and Society, 23(3), s. 378-399. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2019.1653468
- Turkle, S. (2005). The second self: Computers and the human spirit. MIT Press.
- Türten, B. (2024). Sinemada dağıtım ve gösterim ağında yapay zekâ uygulamaları. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 14(3), s. 376-402.
- Uyan, G. (2025, Ocak 10). Reklamlı Disney+'ın Türkiye fiyatı ve geliş tarihi belli oldu. Webtekno: https://www.webtekno.com/reklamli-disney-plus-turkiye-fiyati-cikis-tarihi-h154401.html adresinden alındı
- Van Alstyne, M., & Brynjolfsson, E. (2005). Global Village or Cyber-Balkans? Modeling and Measuring the Integration of Electronic Communities. Management Science, 51(6), s. 851–868. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1050.0363
- Yücel, O. (2024). Yapay Zekânın Sanat Emeğine Olası Etkisi. Mülkiye Dergisi, (1), s. 35-75.
- Zengin, F. (2020). Akıllı makine çağı sinemasına giriş: Sinema sanatında yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin kullanımı. İletişim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(2), s. 151 - 177.
- Zylinska, J. (2020). AI art: machine visions and warped dreams. Open humanities press.
Öz
Yapay zeka teknolojilerinin ve algoritmaların bir süredir film endüstrisinde kullanılıyor olması beraberinde birçok tartışmayı getirmiştir. 1990’lardan itibaren anaakım sinema, tüm yanlarıyla dijitalleşmeden ayrı okunamayacak bir duruma gelmiştir. Bugün dijitalleşmenin içinde yeni bir dönem olarak algoritmik sinemadan söz etmek mümkündür. Yapay zeka çalışmalarındaki patlamayla beraber algoritmik uygulamalar sinemanın üç temel sacayağı olan yapım, dağıtım ve gösterimi sıkı bir dönüşüme uğratmaktadır. Algoritmaların matematiksel kesinliği gereği formülasyona ve sınıflandırmaya daha yoğun bir şekilde bağlanmış olan bu dönüşüm yeni bir film endüstrisi yapısını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı bu yeni endüstrinin temel dinamiklerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma metodolojik olarak toplumsal ve kültürel koşulları farklı sosyal bilimler disiplinleri içerisinde diyalektik açıdan ele alan eleştirel teori yaklaşımını benimsemektedir. Makalenin problemi; üretken yapay zekayla birlikte değişen yaratıcılık biçimleri, sanat emeğine karşı tehditler, filmin izleyiciye ulaşması ve gösterimi sürecinde algoritmaların belirleyici ve şekillendirici etkisi ve tüm bunların sonucu olarak sinemanın yaşadığı özsel dönüşümdür. Sonuç olarak; yapay zekanın ve algoritmaların sinema endüstrisine olan mevcut ve potansiyel etkilerine bakıldığında, bu teknolojilerin bir yardımcı araç rolünün çok ötesinde, film üretiminin koşullarını baştan sona değiştiren, en az insan yaratıcılar kadar aktif bir rol kazanmakta olan, filmlerin izleyiciye ulaşması ve tüketilmesi konusunda ise son derece belirleyici ve kuşatıcı bir role sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anderson, C. (2008). The long tail: Why the future of business is selling more for less. Hyperion. Andrejevic, M. (2019). Automated media. Routledge.
- Andrew, D. (2018). Sinema Nedir! Bazin’in Arayışı, (M. Tümen, Çev). Küre Yayınları.
- Bedingfield, W. (2023, November 27). The Problems Lurking in Hollywood’s Historic AI Deal. Wired: https://www.wired.com/story/hollywood-actors-deal-artifcial-intelligence-future/ adresinden alındı
- Bender, S. (2024). Generative-AI, the media industries, and the disappearance of human creative labour. Media Practice and Education, s. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741136.2024.2355597
- Berry, D. M. (2019). Against infrasomatization: Towards a critical theory of algorithms. D. Bigo, E. Isin, & E. Ruppert içinde, Data politics: Worlds, subjects, rights. Routledge.
- Chayka, K. (2020, Kasım 16). Emily in Paris and the rise of ambient tv. New Yorker: https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/emily-in-paris-and-the-rise-of-ambient-tv adresinden alındı
- Cheney-Lippold, J. (2011). A new algorithmic identity: Soft biopolitics and the modulation of control. Control, Theory, Culture & Society, 28(6), s. 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327641142442
- Chow, P.-S. (2020). Ghost in the (Hollywood) machine: Emergent applications of artificial intelligence in the film industry. NECSUS_European Journal of Media Studies, 9(1), s. 193-214. https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14307
- Coeckelbergh, M. (2023). The work of art in the age of AI image generation: Aesthetics and human-technology relations as process and performance. Journal of human technology relations, 1. https://doi.org/10.59490/jhtr.2023.1.7025
- De Landa, M. (1991). War in the age of intelligent machines. Zone Books.
- Enzensberger, H. M. (1970). Constituents of a Theory of the Media. New Left Review, (64), 13.
- Frey, M. (2021). MUBI and the curation model of video on demand. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Given, L. M. (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods: Volumes 1&2. Sage.
- Guy, J. (2025, January 22). ‘The Brutalist’ has come under fire for use of AI. But is it really that big of a deal? CNN Entertainment: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/22/entertainment/the-brutalist-ai-controversy-scli-intl/index.html adresinden alındı
- Han, B.-C. (2019). Psikopolitika: Neoliberalizm ve Yeni İktidar Teknikleri (H. Barışcan, Çev.). Metis.
- Hansen, M. (2024). From attention economy to cognitive lock-ins. Big Data & Society, 11(3), s. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517241275878
- Hülür, H., & Ölçer, H. (2025). Yapay zekâ ve algoritma diktatörlüğü. H. Hülür, & C. Yaşın içinde, Yapay Zeka Toplum ve Kültür. Ütopya Yayınevi.
- Kaitlin, W., & Sharif, M. (2022). Down a rabbit hole: How prior media consumption shapes subsequent media consumption. Journal of Marketing Research, 59(3), s. 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437211055403
- Kitchin, R. (2016). Thinking critically about and researching algorithms. Information, Communication & Society, 20(1), s. 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1154087
- Kompatsiaris, P. (2024). Curation in the age of platform capitalism: The value of selection, narration, and expertise in new media cultures. Taylor & Francis.
- Lévy, P. (2025). Symbolism, digital culture and artificial intelligence. RED: revista de educación a distancia, 25(81), s. 1-20.
- Manovich, L. (2021). Dijital sinema nedir. S. Denson, & J. Leyda içinde, Post-Sinema: 21. Yüzyıl sinemasının kuramsallaştırılması. İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
- Manovich, L. (2023). AI image and generative media: Notes on ongoing revolution. L. Manovich, & E. Arielli içinde, Aesthetics a critical guide to AI, media and design.
- Marcuse, H. (1990). Tek boyutlu insan: İleri işleyim toplumunun ideolojisi üzerine incelemeler (A. Yardımlı, Çev.). İdea.
- Miyazaki, S. (2020). Critical re-modelling of algorithm-driven intelligence as commonist media practice. NECSUS_European Journal of Media Studies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14309
- Moravec, H. (1988). Mind children: The future of robot and human intelligence. Harvard University Press.
- Morrison, R. (2024, May 23). The Times. Is Scarlett Johansson right to worry? I spent a morning with AI to find out: https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/scarlett-johansson-ai-voice-chatbot-richard-morrison-arts-column-m50wwpw0c adresinden alındı
- Mouriquand, D. (2025, Mart 21). 400'den fazla sanatçı, yapay zeka şirketlerinin telif hakkı ihlalini protesto için Trump'a mektup gönderdi. Euronews: https://tr.euronews.com/kultur/2025/03/21/400den-fazla-sanatci-yapay-zeka-sirketlerinin-telif-hakki-ihlalini-protesto-icin-trumpa-me adresinden alındı
- Pajkovic, N. (2022). Algorithms and taste-making: Exposing the Netflix recommender system’s operational logics. Convergence, 28(1), s. 214-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211014464
- Poell, T., Nieborg, D., & Brooke, E. (2022). Platforms and cultural production. Polity.
- Rouvroy, A. (2020). Algorithmic governmentality and the death of politics. Green European Journal: https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/algorithmic-governmentality-and-the-death-of-politics adresinden alındı
- Sahota, N. (2024, Mayıs 20). AI Is changing the movie theater experience… For the better? Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilsahota/2024/05/20/ai-is-changing-the-movie-theater-experience-for-the-better adresinden alındı
- Shapiro, S. (2020). Algorithmic television in the age of large-scale customization. Television & New Media, 21(6), s. 658-663. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476420919691
- Sim, G. (2023). The Idea of genre in the algorithmic cinema. Television & New Media, 24(5), s. 510-523. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764231171072
- Smits, R. (2019). Gatekeeping in the evolving business of independent film distribution. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Srnicek, N. (2017). The challenges of platform capitalism: Understanding the logic of a new business model. Juncture, 23, s. 254-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/newe.12023
- Sun, P. (2024). A study of artificial intelligence in the production of film. SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 183). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418303004
- Swartz, C. S. (2005). Understanding digital cinema: A professional handbook. Focal Press.
- Tefertiller, A., Maxwell, L., & Morris, D. (2019). Social media goes to the movies: Fear of missing out, social capital, and social motivations of cinema attendance. Mass Communication and Society, 23(3), s. 378-399. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2019.1653468
- Turkle, S. (2005). The second self: Computers and the human spirit. MIT Press.
- Türten, B. (2024). Sinemada dağıtım ve gösterim ağında yapay zekâ uygulamaları. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 14(3), s. 376-402.
- Uyan, G. (2025, Ocak 10). Reklamlı Disney+'ın Türkiye fiyatı ve geliş tarihi belli oldu. Webtekno: https://www.webtekno.com/reklamli-disney-plus-turkiye-fiyati-cikis-tarihi-h154401.html adresinden alındı
- Van Alstyne, M., & Brynjolfsson, E. (2005). Global Village or Cyber-Balkans? Modeling and Measuring the Integration of Electronic Communities. Management Science, 51(6), s. 851–868. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1050.0363
- Yücel, O. (2024). Yapay Zekânın Sanat Emeğine Olası Etkisi. Mülkiye Dergisi, (1), s. 35-75.
- Zengin, F. (2020). Akıllı makine çağı sinemasına giriş: Sinema sanatında yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin kullanımı. İletişim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(2), s. 151 - 177.
- Zylinska, J. (2020). AI art: machine visions and warped dreams. Open humanities press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yeni Medya, Sinema (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Temmuz 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Nisan 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 29 Haziran 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3 |
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