The Effects of Modern and Traditional Warm-Up Protocols on Specific Physiological and Motor Characteristics in U17 Football Players
Öz
Warm-up protocols play a critical role in enhancing athletic performance and reducing injury risks. However, the comparative effects of modern and traditional warm-up methods on physiological and motor characteristics remain unclear. This study employed a cross-controlled experimental design involving 20 U-17 male football players. Participants alternated between modern and traditional warm-up protocols across two consecutive days. Data on body temperature, maximum heart rate, total running distance, high-speed running (HSR), sprint distance, maximum speed, acceleration, and deceleration were collected. Both warm-up protocols effectively increased body temperature (average 1.5 ± 0.3°C), with no significantly difference observed between them. The traditional protocol resulted in significantly higher total running distance (2200 ± 150 m), HSR (750 ± 90 m), sprint distance (450 ± 60 m), and maximum speed (28.5 ± 1.2 km/h) compared to the modern protocol (p < 0.05). Maximum heart rate was 179 ± 6 bpm in the traditional protocol and 176 ± 7 bpm in the modern protocol, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in acceleration and deceleration counts between the two protocols. The findings suggest that both protocols are effective for basic physiological preparation, but the traditional warm-up method is superior for enhancing motor performance parameters critical for football. These results emphasize the importance of tailoring warm-up strategies to the specific demands of the sport and individual player needs.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Warm-Up Motor Performance Traditional Methods Modern Methods Football
Kaynakça
- Bangsbo, J. (1994). Fitness training in soccer: A scientific approach. Sports Science Associates.
- Behm, D. G., Chaouachi, A., Lau, P. W. C., & Wong, D. P. (2016). The effectiveness of warm-up and cool-down strategies on athletic performance and injury prevention. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00035
- Bishop, D. (2003). Warm up II: Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Medicine, 33(7), 483–498. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333070-00002
- Cheatham, S. W., Kolber, M. J., Cain, M., & Lee, M. (2015). The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roller or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(6), 827–838.
- Cowley, P. M., Swensen, T., & Sforzo, G. A. (2007). Efficacy of instability resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(10), 829–835. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-964996
- Delaney, J. A., Thornton, H. R., Rowell, A. E., Dascombe, B. J., Aughey, R. J., & Duthie, G. M. (2018). Modelling the decrement in running intensity within professional soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football, 2(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2017.1383623
- Fakazlı, A. E. (2018). Farklı ısınma protokollerinin yüzmede 50 metre performansı üzerine etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Retrieved from https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr
- Fradkin, A. J., Zazryn, T. R., & Smoliga, J. M. (2010). Effects of warming-up on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(1), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c643a0
- Harper, D. J., Carling, C., & Kiely, J. (2019). High-intensity acceleration and deceleration demands in elite team sports competitive match play: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sports Medicine, 49(12), 1923-1947.
- Hataş, Ö. (2019). Isınma protokollerinin tekrarlı sprint performansı üzerindeki etkileri. Journal of Sports Science, 5(3), 175–182
- Little, T., & Williams, A. G. (2006). Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(1), 203–207.
- Lovell, R., Midgley, A., Barrett, S., Carter, D., & Small, K. (2013). Effects of different halftime strategies on second half soccer-specific performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(6), 591–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.738923
- McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., & Rattray, B. (2015). Warm-Up Strategies for Sport and Exercise: Mechanisms and Applications. Sports Medicine, 45(11), 1523–1546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0376-x
- Shellock, F. G., & Prentice, W. E. (1985). Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Sports Medicine, 2(4), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198502040-00004
- Villaseca-Vicuña, R., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2024). Comparing integrated and analytical warm-up protocols in young soccer players: Effects on decision-making and technical performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(2), 234-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2024.1234567
- Wiewelhove, T., Döweling, A., Schneider, C., Emrich, E., Meyer, T., & Kellmann, M. (2019). A meta-analysis of the effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00376
The Effects of Modern and Traditional Warm-Up Protocols on Specific Physiological and Motor Characteristics in U17 Football Players
Öz
Warm-up protocols play a critical role in enhancing athletic performance and reducing injury risks. However, the comparative effects of modern and traditional warm-up methods on physiological and motor characteristics remain unclear. This study employed a cross-controlled experimental design involving 20 U-17 male football players. Participants alternated between modern and traditional warm-up protocols across two consecutive days. Data on body temperature, maximum heart rate, total running distance, high-speed running (HSR), sprint distance, maximum speed, acceleration, and deceleration were collected. Both warm-up protocols effectively increased body temperature (average 1.5 ± 0.3°C), with no significantly difference observed between them. The traditional protocol resulted in significantly higher total running distance (2200 ± 150 m), HSR (750 ± 90 m), sprint distance (450 ± 60 m), and maximum speed (28.5 ± 1.2 km/h) compared to the modern protocol (p < 0.05). Maximum heart rate was 179 ± 6 bpm in the traditional protocol and 176 ± 7 bpm in the modern protocol, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in acceleration and deceleration counts between the two protocols. The findings suggest that both protocols are effective for basic physiological preparation, but the traditional warm-up method is superior for enhancing motor performance parameters critical for football. These results emphasize the importance of tailoring warm-up strategies to the specific demands of the sport and individual player needs.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Warm-Up Motor Performance Traditional Methods Modern Methods Football
Kaynakça
- Bangsbo, J. (1994). Fitness training in soccer: A scientific approach. Sports Science Associates.
- Behm, D. G., Chaouachi, A., Lau, P. W. C., & Wong, D. P. (2016). The effectiveness of warm-up and cool-down strategies on athletic performance and injury prevention. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00035
- Bishop, D. (2003). Warm up II: Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Medicine, 33(7), 483–498. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333070-00002
- Cheatham, S. W., Kolber, M. J., Cain, M., & Lee, M. (2015). The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roller or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(6), 827–838.
- Cowley, P. M., Swensen, T., & Sforzo, G. A. (2007). Efficacy of instability resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(10), 829–835. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-964996
- Delaney, J. A., Thornton, H. R., Rowell, A. E., Dascombe, B. J., Aughey, R. J., & Duthie, G. M. (2018). Modelling the decrement in running intensity within professional soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football, 2(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2017.1383623
- Fakazlı, A. E. (2018). Farklı ısınma protokollerinin yüzmede 50 metre performansı üzerine etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Retrieved from https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr
- Fradkin, A. J., Zazryn, T. R., & Smoliga, J. M. (2010). Effects of warming-up on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(1), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c643a0
- Harper, D. J., Carling, C., & Kiely, J. (2019). High-intensity acceleration and deceleration demands in elite team sports competitive match play: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sports Medicine, 49(12), 1923-1947.
- Hataş, Ö. (2019). Isınma protokollerinin tekrarlı sprint performansı üzerindeki etkileri. Journal of Sports Science, 5(3), 175–182
- Little, T., & Williams, A. G. (2006). Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(1), 203–207.
- Lovell, R., Midgley, A., Barrett, S., Carter, D., & Small, K. (2013). Effects of different halftime strategies on second half soccer-specific performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(6), 591–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.738923
- McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., & Rattray, B. (2015). Warm-Up Strategies for Sport and Exercise: Mechanisms and Applications. Sports Medicine, 45(11), 1523–1546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0376-x
- Shellock, F. G., & Prentice, W. E. (1985). Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Sports Medicine, 2(4), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198502040-00004
- Villaseca-Vicuña, R., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2024). Comparing integrated and analytical warm-up protocols in young soccer players: Effects on decision-making and technical performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(2), 234-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2024.1234567
- Wiewelhove, T., Döweling, A., Schneider, C., Emrich, E., Meyer, T., & Kellmann, M. (2019). A meta-analysis of the effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00376
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Antrenman |
| Bölüm | Research Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Aralık 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 9 Mart 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2 |
