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A qualitative case study on the evaluation of work-related depression in hotel workers: Kuşadası sample

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 199 - 207, 30.06.2025

Melda Meliha Erbaş , Ozan Esen

https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1567417

Öz

Work-related depression is a state of inactivity, inability to future, uncertainty about what to do in the future, and giving up trying. Depression both harms the individual and poses an economic risk for the workplace. This study is an interdisciplinary study that aims to examine the problems experienced in the tourism sector in terms of mental health. The study aims to evaluate work-related depression symptoms, risk factors, and protective factors in hotel employees. The study was conducted in 5-star hotels in Kusadasi, one of the major tourism centers in Turkiye. Interviews were conducted with 15 volunteers working in different positions in six hotels determined by a purposive sampling method. The data obtained were analyzed by content analysis. Research findings were categorized under two themes: risk factors and protective factors. The findings suggest that factors such as workplace injustice, stress, and negative relationships (with customers, other employees, and family members) can be risk factors for workplace depression in hotel employees, whereas positive personality traits, social relationships, and economic security are protective factors. In addition, positive and negative future career expectations were found to be workplace-related variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hotel employees Work-related depression Risk factors Protective factors

Kaynakça

  • Aguiar-Quintana, T., Nguyen, T. H. H., Araujo-Cabrera, Y., & Sanabria-Díaz, J. M. (2021). Do job insecurity, anxiety and depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influence hotel employees’ self-rated task performance? The moderating role of employee resilience. International Journal of Accommodation Management, 94, 102868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102868
  • Ahmad, A., Barakbah, S. M. B. S. F., & Singh, B. R. S. N. (2021). Employee stress and turnover ıntentions of employees in hotel organizations. Current Trends in Management and Information Technology, 18, 23-39. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI05/WEB1821
  • Ahola, K., Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., Mutanen, P., & Honkonen, T. (2012). Resource-enhancing group intervention against depression at workplace: who benefits? A randomised controlled study with a 7-month follow-up. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(12), 870-876. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100450
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (5th ed.), American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA.
  • Antwi, S. K., & Hamza, K. (2015). Qualitative and quantitative research paradigms in business research: A philosophical reflection. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 217-225.
  • Aslan, M., & Kayar, M. Ş. (2023). The relationship between organizational trust, organizational loneliness and organizational depression: an application in Kahramanmaraş. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 8(1), 94-103.
  • Atlantis, E., Chow, C. M., Kirby, A., & Singh, M. F. (2004). An effective exercise-based intervention for improving mental health and quality of life measures: a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med, (39), 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.007
  • Baba, V. V., Galperin, B. L., & Lituchy, T. R. (1999). Occupational mental health: a study of work- related depression among nurses in the Caribbean. International journal of nursing studies, 36(2), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(99)00002-4
  • Bilchik, G. S. (2000). Organizational depression. Hospitals & Health Networks, 74(2), 34-38.
  • Boz, H., Yilmaz, O., Arslan, A., & Koç, E. (2016). A comparison of depression and turnover intentions of hotel employees in all-inclusive and non-all-inclusive hotels. Global İssues and Trends in Tourism, 372-382.
  • Chmiliar, L. (2010). Multiple-case designs. In A. J. Mills, G. Eurepas & E. Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, pp. 582-583, USA: SAGE Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Doo, E. Y. & Choi, S. (2022). Effect of nurses' work experiences in a covıd-19 unit on depression: mediation effect of resilience and moderated mediation effect of organizational trust. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.897506
  • Dwyer, L., & Forsyth, P. (2010). Tourism economics and policy, Bristol: Channel View Publications.
  • Erdil, O., Keskin, H., İmamoğlu, S. Z., & Erat, S. (2004). The relationship between supervision style, working conditions, co-workers’ behavior, recognition, and job satisfaction: a field research on textile firms. Dogus University Journal, 5(1), 17-26.
  • Esen, O., Atay, H., & Gürdoğan, A. (2023). A review of the career expectations of hotel employees: sample of Kusadası. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 11(2), 906-929. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2023.1225
  • Etehadi, B., & Karatepe, O.M. (2019). The impact of job insecurity on critical hotel employee outcomes: the mediating role of self-efficacy. J. Hosp. Mark. Manag. 28(6), 665–689. https:// doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1556768.
  • Glesne, C. (2014). Ön hazırlıklar: sizin için iyi olanı yapmak. (Translate, P. Yalçınoğlu). In A. Ersoy- P. Yalçınoğlu (Ed.) Nitel araştırmaya giriş (4th ed.), Ankara: Anı Publishing.
  • Grey-Stanley, J. A., Muramatsu, N., Heller, T., Hughes, S., Johnson, T.P., & Ramirez-Valles, J. (2010). Work stress and depression among direct support professionals: The role of work support and locus of control. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 749761. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01303.
  • Hall, G. B., Dollard, M. F., Winefield, A. H., Dormann, C., & Bakker, A. B. (2013). Psychosocial safety climate buffers effects of job demands on depression and positive organizational behaviors. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 26(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2012.700477
  • Hodari, D., Waldthausen, V., & Sturman, M. (2014). Hodari, D., Waldthausen, V., & Sturman, M. (2014). Outsourcing and role stress: An empirical study of hotel spa managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.11.006
  • Imiroğlu, A., Demir, R., & Murat, M. (2021). Cognitive flexibility, mindfulness and hope as predictors of psychological well-being. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 20(80), 2037-2057. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.859555
  • Jeong, J., & Lee, J. H. (2022). Customer mistreatment, employee depression, and organizational citizenship behavior: Emotional intelligence as a moderator. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 50(3). e11167. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11167
  • Kalargyrou, V., Sundar, V., & Jahani, S. (2023). Kalargyrou, V., Sundar, V., & Jahani, S. (2023). Managers’ attitudes toward employees with depression and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hospitality industry: Assessing the mediating role of personality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(2), 602-629. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2022-0082
  • Karatepe, O. M., & Zargar Tizabi, L. Z. (2011). Work‐related depression in the hotel industry: A study in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(5), 608-623. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111143368
  • Kessler, R., White, L. A., Birnbaum, H., Qiu, Y., Kidolezi, Y., Mallett, D., & Swindle, R. (2008). Comparative and interactive effects of depression relative to other health problems on work performance in the workforce of a large employer. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50(7), 809-816. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318169ccba
  • Khan, F., Hussain, A., Bashir, A., Asif, A. M., & Gul, S. (2021). Mediating effect of depression between loneliness and organizational commitment. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(2), 1403-1411.
  • Kuo, N. T., Cheng, Y. S., Chang, K. C., & Ying, W. H. (2020). Establishing a measurement scale for safety culture in the hotel industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 12-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.11.007
  • Lei, M., & Chen, W. (2020). Perceived organizational support leads to less depression among hotel employees in China. Journal of Human Resource Management, 8, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.201200802.13
  • Limm, H., Gündel, H., Heinmüller, M., Marten-Mittag, B., Nater, U. M., Siegrist, J., & Angerer, P. (2011). Stress management interventions in the workplace improve stress reactivity: a randomised controlled trial. Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 68(2), 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.054148
  • Machado, I. C. K., Bernardes, J. W., Monteiro, J. K., & Marin, A. H. (2021). Stress, anxiety and depression among gastronomes: association with workplace mobbing and work–family interaction. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94, 1797-1807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01745-4
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded Sourcebook, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Mino, Y., Babazono, A., Tsuda, T., & Yasuda, N. (2006). Can stress management at the workplace prevent depression? A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75(3), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1159/000091775
  • Mishra, S. K., Kodwani, A. D., Kumar, K. K., & Jain, K. K. (2018). Linking loneliness to depression: a dynamic perspective. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(7), 2089-2104. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2016-0158
  • Moon, H. J., Lee, S. H., Lee, H. S., Lee, K. J., & Kim, J. J. (2015). The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 27(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0081-0
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Otel çalışanlarında işe bağlı depresyonun değerlendirilmesi üzerine nitel bir vaka çalışması: Kuşadası örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 199 - 207, 30.06.2025

Melda Meliha Erbaş , Ozan Esen

https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1567417

Öz

İşe bağlı depresyon, işyerinde bireylerde görülen hareketsizlik, gelecekte ne yapacağına dair belirsizlik ve denemekten vazgeçme durumudur. Depresyon, hem bireyin kendisine zarar vermekte hem de işyeri açısından ekonomik bir risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, turizm sektöründe yaşanan sıkıntıları ruh sağlığı açısından incelemeyi amaçlayan disiplinler arası bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın amacı; otel çalışanlarında işe bağlı depresyon belirtilerini, risk faktörlerini ve koruyucu faktörleri değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, Kuşadası'nda faaliyet gösteren 5 yıldızlı otellerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen, otellerde farklı pozisyonlarda çalışan 15 gönüllü ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analiziyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucuna göre; risk faktörleri ve koruyucu faktörler olmak üzere iki tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgular; işyerindeki adaletsizlik, stres gibi etmenlerin, müşteriyle, diğer çalışanlarla ve aile üyeleriyle negatif ilişkilerin otel çalışanlarında işyeri depresyonu için birer risk faktörü olabileceğini; öte yandan olumlu kişilik özellikleri, sosyal ilişkiler ve ekonomik güvencenin koruyucu faktörler olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca kariyere yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz gelecek beklentilerinin işyeri depresyonuyla ilişkili değişkenler olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otel çalışanları İşe bağlı depresyon Risk faktörleri Koruyucu faktörler

Etik Beyan

Ethical Statement: For the interview method used in this study, permission was obtained from Manisa Celal Bayar University Ethics Committee with the decision numbered 17 in its meeting dated 02.05.2023 and numbered 2023/05. In case of a contrary situation, TO&RE Journal has no responsibility and all responsibility belongs to the author (s) of the study.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • Aguiar-Quintana, T., Nguyen, T. H. H., Araujo-Cabrera, Y., & Sanabria-Díaz, J. M. (2021). Do job insecurity, anxiety and depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influence hotel employees’ self-rated task performance? The moderating role of employee resilience. International Journal of Accommodation Management, 94, 102868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102868
  • Ahmad, A., Barakbah, S. M. B. S. F., & Singh, B. R. S. N. (2021). Employee stress and turnover ıntentions of employees in hotel organizations. Current Trends in Management and Information Technology, 18, 23-39. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI05/WEB1821
  • Ahola, K., Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., Mutanen, P., & Honkonen, T. (2012). Resource-enhancing group intervention against depression at workplace: who benefits? A randomised controlled study with a 7-month follow-up. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(12), 870-876. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100450
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (5th ed.), American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA.
  • Antwi, S. K., & Hamza, K. (2015). Qualitative and quantitative research paradigms in business research: A philosophical reflection. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 217-225.
  • Aslan, M., & Kayar, M. Ş. (2023). The relationship between organizational trust, organizational loneliness and organizational depression: an application in Kahramanmaraş. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 8(1), 94-103.
  • Atlantis, E., Chow, C. M., Kirby, A., & Singh, M. F. (2004). An effective exercise-based intervention for improving mental health and quality of life measures: a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med, (39), 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.007
  • Baba, V. V., Galperin, B. L., & Lituchy, T. R. (1999). Occupational mental health: a study of work- related depression among nurses in the Caribbean. International journal of nursing studies, 36(2), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(99)00002-4
  • Bilchik, G. S. (2000). Organizational depression. Hospitals & Health Networks, 74(2), 34-38.
  • Boz, H., Yilmaz, O., Arslan, A., & Koç, E. (2016). A comparison of depression and turnover intentions of hotel employees in all-inclusive and non-all-inclusive hotels. Global İssues and Trends in Tourism, 372-382.
  • Chmiliar, L. (2010). Multiple-case designs. In A. J. Mills, G. Eurepas & E. Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, pp. 582-583, USA: SAGE Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Doo, E. Y. & Choi, S. (2022). Effect of nurses' work experiences in a covıd-19 unit on depression: mediation effect of resilience and moderated mediation effect of organizational trust. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.897506
  • Dwyer, L., & Forsyth, P. (2010). Tourism economics and policy, Bristol: Channel View Publications.
  • Erdil, O., Keskin, H., İmamoğlu, S. Z., & Erat, S. (2004). The relationship between supervision style, working conditions, co-workers’ behavior, recognition, and job satisfaction: a field research on textile firms. Dogus University Journal, 5(1), 17-26.
  • Esen, O., Atay, H., & Gürdoğan, A. (2023). A review of the career expectations of hotel employees: sample of Kusadası. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 11(2), 906-929. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2023.1225
  • Etehadi, B., & Karatepe, O.M. (2019). The impact of job insecurity on critical hotel employee outcomes: the mediating role of self-efficacy. J. Hosp. Mark. Manag. 28(6), 665–689. https:// doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1556768.
  • Glesne, C. (2014). Ön hazırlıklar: sizin için iyi olanı yapmak. (Translate, P. Yalçınoğlu). In A. Ersoy- P. Yalçınoğlu (Ed.) Nitel araştırmaya giriş (4th ed.), Ankara: Anı Publishing.
  • Grey-Stanley, J. A., Muramatsu, N., Heller, T., Hughes, S., Johnson, T.P., & Ramirez-Valles, J. (2010). Work stress and depression among direct support professionals: The role of work support and locus of control. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 749761. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01303.
  • Hall, G. B., Dollard, M. F., Winefield, A. H., Dormann, C., & Bakker, A. B. (2013). Psychosocial safety climate buffers effects of job demands on depression and positive organizational behaviors. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 26(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2012.700477
  • Hodari, D., Waldthausen, V., & Sturman, M. (2014). Hodari, D., Waldthausen, V., & Sturman, M. (2014). Outsourcing and role stress: An empirical study of hotel spa managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.11.006
  • Imiroğlu, A., Demir, R., & Murat, M. (2021). Cognitive flexibility, mindfulness and hope as predictors of psychological well-being. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 20(80), 2037-2057. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.859555
  • Jeong, J., & Lee, J. H. (2022). Customer mistreatment, employee depression, and organizational citizenship behavior: Emotional intelligence as a moderator. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 50(3). e11167. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11167
  • Kalargyrou, V., Sundar, V., & Jahani, S. (2023). Kalargyrou, V., Sundar, V., & Jahani, S. (2023). Managers’ attitudes toward employees with depression and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hospitality industry: Assessing the mediating role of personality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(2), 602-629. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2022-0082
  • Karatepe, O. M., & Zargar Tizabi, L. Z. (2011). Work‐related depression in the hotel industry: A study in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(5), 608-623. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111143368
  • Kessler, R., White, L. A., Birnbaum, H., Qiu, Y., Kidolezi, Y., Mallett, D., & Swindle, R. (2008). Comparative and interactive effects of depression relative to other health problems on work performance in the workforce of a large employer. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50(7), 809-816. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318169ccba
  • Khan, F., Hussain, A., Bashir, A., Asif, A. M., & Gul, S. (2021). Mediating effect of depression between loneliness and organizational commitment. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(2), 1403-1411.
  • Kuo, N. T., Cheng, Y. S., Chang, K. C., & Ying, W. H. (2020). Establishing a measurement scale for safety culture in the hotel industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 12-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.11.007
  • Lei, M., & Chen, W. (2020). Perceived organizational support leads to less depression among hotel employees in China. Journal of Human Resource Management, 8, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.201200802.13
  • Limm, H., Gündel, H., Heinmüller, M., Marten-Mittag, B., Nater, U. M., Siegrist, J., & Angerer, P. (2011). Stress management interventions in the workplace improve stress reactivity: a randomised controlled trial. Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 68(2), 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.054148
  • Machado, I. C. K., Bernardes, J. W., Monteiro, J. K., & Marin, A. H. (2021). Stress, anxiety and depression among gastronomes: association with workplace mobbing and work–family interaction. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94, 1797-1807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01745-4
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded Sourcebook, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Mino, Y., Babazono, A., Tsuda, T., & Yasuda, N. (2006). Can stress management at the workplace prevent depression? A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75(3), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1159/000091775
  • Mishra, S. K., Kodwani, A. D., Kumar, K. K., & Jain, K. K. (2018). Linking loneliness to depression: a dynamic perspective. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(7), 2089-2104. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2016-0158
  • Moon, H. J., Lee, S. H., Lee, H. S., Lee, K. J., & Kim, J. J. (2015). The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 27(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0081-0
  • Murphy, S. A., Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (2006). The individual and organizational consequences of stress, anxiety, and depression in the workplace: A case study. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 25(2), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2006-0018
  • Netterstrøm, B., Conrad, N., Bech, P., Fink, P., Olsen, O., Rugulies, R., & Stansfeld, S. (2008). The relation between work-related psychosocial factors and the development of depression. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30(1), 118-132. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn004
  • Niesen, W., Van Hootegem, A., Handaja, Y., Batistelli, A., & De Witte, H. (2018). Quantitative and qualitative job insecurity and idea generation: the mediating role of psychological contract breach. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 3(1), 1–14. https:// doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.36.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Fredrickson, B. L., Loftus, G. R., & Wagenaar, W. A. (2009). Atkinson & Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology, Cengage Learning EMEA.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel mülakat yapma. (Çev. M. Çakır, S. İrez). In M. Bütün ve S. B. Demir (Ed.). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (pp.339-422) Ankara: Pegem.
  • Perko, K., Kinnunen, U., & Feldt, T. (2014). Transformational leadership and depressive symptoms among employees: Mediating factors. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(4), 286-304. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2012-0082
  • Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative research in psychology, 11(1), 25-41.
  • Ruiz-Palomino, P., Yáñez-Araque, B., Jiménez-Estévez, P., & Gutiérrez-Broncano, S. (2022). Can servant leadership prevent hotel employee depression during the COVID-19 pandemic? A mediating and multigroup analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121192
  • Shani, A., & Pizam, A. (2009). Work-related depression among hotel employees. Cornell Accommodation Quarterly, 50(4), 446-459. https://doi.org/10.1177/19389655093442
  • Subasi, M., & Okumus, K. (2017). Case study as a research method. Journal of Atatürk University Graduate School of Social Sciences, 21(2), 419-426.
  • Thanem, T., & Elraz, H. (2022). From stress to resistance: Challenging the capitalist underpinnings of mental unhealth in work and organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(4), 577-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12293
  • Toker, B., & Kalıpçı, M. B. (2022). The effect of employees' work-life balance on life satisfaction: an application in hotel businesses. Alanya Academic Review Journal, 7(1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1052985
  • Topaloğlu, C., & Boylu, Y. (2006). Classify the types of intra-organizational conflicts: experienced in the hotels and to evaluate them in details. Journal of Muğla University Institute of Social Sciences, 16, 1-27.
  • Tsutsumi, A., Nagami, M., Yoshikawa, T., Kogi, K., & Kawakami, N. (2009). Participatory intervention for workplace improvements on mental health and job performance among blue-collar workers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(5), 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181a24d28
  • Vearing, A., & Mak, A. S. (2007). Big five personality and effort–reward imbalance factors in employees’ depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(7), 1744-1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.05.011
  • Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Mutanen, P. (2012). Effects of resource-building group intervention on career management and mental health in work organizations: randomized controlled field trial. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 273. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025584
  • Yan, J., Kim, S., Zhang, S. X., Foo, M. D., Alvarez-Risco, A., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., & Yáñez, J. A. (2021). Hospitality workers’ COVID-19 risk perception and depression: A contingent model based on transactional theory of stress model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102935.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102935
  • Zhang, T. C., Torres, E., & Jahromi, M. F. (2020). Well on the way: An exploratory study on occupational health in hospitality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102382
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Melda Meliha Erbaş 0000-0001-8640-5356

Ozan Esen 0000-0002-1410-6282

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erbaş, M. M., & Esen, O. (2025). A qualitative case study on the evaluation of work-related depression in hotel workers: Kuşadası sample. Tourism and Recreation, 7(1), 199-207. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1567417
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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