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May Bullying Victimization and Loneliness in Adolescents be Risk Factors for Psychological Resilience?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 75, 515 - 523, 30.12.2024

Yakup İme

https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1394927yi

Öz

Adolescents who experience bullying may struggle to develop the psychological resilience needed to navigate life’s adversities. Similarly, loneliness can serve as a significant risk factor for their psychological resilience, potentially hindering their ability to cope with stress and adversity. The aim of the current research is to explore the predictive relationships between bullying victimization, loneliness, and psychological resilience in adolescents. A total of 639 high school students (415 girls and 224 boys) participated in the study. The research hypothesis was tested using a hierarchical regression analysis method. The findings highlight that both bullying victimization and loneliness are significant negative predictors of psychological resilience. Based on these results, it is crucial to implement programs that focus on raising awareness about the harmful effects of bullying and promoting empathy among adolescents. Interventions aimed at improving communication skills and fostering positive peer interactions can help reduce social isolation and strengthen relationships.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bullying Victimization Loneliness Psychological Resilience Adolescents

Kaynakça

  • Bulut, S., Dogan, U., & Altundag, Y. (2013). Adolescent psychological resilience scale: Validity and reliability study. Suvremena Psihologija, 16(1), 31-31.
  • Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015). Loneliness: Clinical import and interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615570616
  • Cairns, K. E., Yap, M. B. H., Pilkington, P. D., & Jorm, A. F. (2014). Risk and protective factors for depression that adolescents can modify: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 169, 61-75. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jad.2014.08.006
  • Cooper, K., Hards, E., Moltrecht, B., Reynolds, S., Shum, A., McElroy, E., & Loades, M. (2021). Loneliness, social relationships, and mental health in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 289, 98-104. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jad.2021.04.016
  • deLara, E. W. (2019). Consequences of childhood bullying on mental health and relationships for young adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 2379-2389.https://doi.org/ 10.1007/10826-018-1197-y
  • Donnon, T. (2010). Understanding how resiliency development influences adolescent bullying and victimization. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 25(1), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573509345481
  • Ellis, B. J., Bianchi, J., Griskevicius, V., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2017). Beyond risk and protective factors: An adaptation-based approach to resilience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(4), 561-587. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617693054
  • Fang, D., Lu, J., Che, Y., Ran, H., Peng, J., Chen, L., ... & Xiao, Y. (2022). School bullying victimization-associated anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents: the mediation of resilience. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 16(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00490-x
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • Goosby, B. J., Bellatorre, A., Walsemann, K. M., & Cheadle, J. E. (2013). Adolescent loneliness and health in early adulthood. Sociological Inquiry, 83(4), 505-536.  https://doi. org/10.1111/soin.12018
  • Güçlü, G., & Çam. S. (2022). Investigation of resilience in according to exposure to cyberbullying in adolescents. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 51(3), 1584-1609. https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.1058071
  • Han, Z., Wang, Z., & Li, Y. (2021). Cyberbullying involvement, resilient coping, and loneliness of adolescents during Covid-19 in rural China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 664612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664612
  • Harbin, S. M., Kelley, M. L., Piscitello, J., & Walker, S. J. (2019). Multidimensional bullying victimization scale: Development and validation. Journal of School Violence, 18(1), 146-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2017.1423491
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
  • Hosozawa, M., Bann, D., Fink, E., Elsden, E., Baba, S., Iso, H., & Patalay, P. (2021). Bullying victimisation in adolescence: prevalence and inequalities by gender, socioeconomic status and academic performance across 71 countries. EClinical Medicine, 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101142
  • İme, Y., Çınar, S. E., Keskinoğlu, M. Ş., & Kütük, H. (2020). Çok boyutlu zorbalık mağduriyeti ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. e-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 137-152.https://doi.org/ 10.30900/kafkasegt.732493
  • Jakobsen, I. S., Madsen, L. M. R., Mau, M., Hjemdal, O., & Friborg, O. (2020). The relationship between resilience and loneliness elucidated by a Danish version of the resilience scale for adults. BMC psychology, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00493-3
  • Laursen, B., & Hartl, A. C. (2013). Understanding loneliness during adolescence: Developmental changes that increase the risk of perceived social isolation. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1261-1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.06.003
  • Lerner, R. M. (2006). Resilience as an attribute of the developmental system: Comments on the papers of Professors Masten & Wachs. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.005
  • Lin, L. Y., Chien, Y. N., Chen, Y. H., Wu, C. Y., & Chiou, H. Y. (2022). Bullying experiences, depression, and the moderating role of resilience among adolescents. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 872100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.872100
  • Lin, S., Yuan, Z., Niu, G., Fan, C., & Hao, X. (2023). Family matters more than friends on problematic social media use among adolescents: mediating roles of resilience and loneliness. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01026-w
  • Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., ... & Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009
  • Margalit, M. (2010). Lonely children and adolescents: Self-perceptions, social exclusion, and hope. Springer.
  • Masten, A. S. (2015). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. Guilford Publications.
  • Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(1), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x
  • Olweus, D., Limber, S. P., & Breivik, K. (2019). Addressing specific forms of bullying: A large-scale evaluation of the Olweus bullying prevention program. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 1, 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-00009-7
  • Ostaszewski, K. (2020). The importance of resilience in adolescent mental health promotion and risk behaviour prevention. International Journal of Public Health, 65, 1221-1222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01508-x
  • Ran, H., Cai, L., He, X., Jiang, L., Wang, T., Yang, R., ... & Xiao, Y. (2020). Resilience mediates the association between school bullying victimization and self-harm in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jad.2020.07.136
  • Rothon, C., Head, J., Klineberg, E., & Stansfeld, S. (2011). Can social support protect bullied adolescents from adverse outcomes? A prospective study on the effects of bullying on the educational achievement and mental health of adolescents at secondary schools in East London. Journal of Adolescence, 34(3), 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.adolescence.2010.02.007
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472.
  • Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals. 1376.002
  • Schoeler, T., Duncan, L., Cecil, C. M., Ploubidis, G. B., & Pingault, J.-B. (2018). Quasi-experimental evidence on short- and long-term consequences of bullying victimization: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 144(12), 1229–1246. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000171
  • Schwartz-Mette, R. A., Shankman, J., Dueweke, A. R., Borowski, S., & Rose, A. J. (2020). Relations of friendship experiences with depressive symptoms and loneliness in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(8), 664–700. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000239
  • Seher, A., & Küçük, S. (2022). Adölesanlarda Sosyal Medya Kullanımı, Siber Zorbalık, Yalnızlık İlişkisi ve Hemşirelik. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 34-44.
  • Shemesh, D. O., & Heiman, T. (2021). Resilience and self-concept as mediating factors in the relationship between bullying victimization and sense of well-being among adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 158-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2021.1899946
  • Sher, L. (2019). Resilience as a focus of suicide research and prevention. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 140(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13059
  • Shpiegel, S. (2016). Resilience among older adolescents in foster care: The impact of risk and protective factors. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14, 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9573-y
  • Talan, M. İ., Bostan, G., & Öztürk, Y. (2021). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyet durumları ile yalnızlık algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 378-398. https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.905167
  • Talu, E., & Gümüş, G. (2022). Türkiye’de akran zorbalığının ergenler arasında yaygınlığının incelenmesi: bir meta analiz çalışması. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 12(3), 1673-1682. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1030602
  • Tian, Y., Qin, N., Cao, S., & Gao, F. (2021). Reciprocal associations between shyness, self-esteem, loneliness, depression, and Internet addiction in Chinese adolescents. Addiction Research & Theory, 29(2), 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2020.1755657
  • Twum-Antwi, A., Jefferies, P., & Ungar, M. (2020). Promoting child and youth resilience by strengthening home and school environments: A literature review. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 8(2), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603. 2019.1660284
  • Ungar, M., & Theron, L. (2020). Resilience and mental health: How multisystemic processes contribute to positive outcomes. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(5), 441-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30434-1
  • Urano, Y., Takizawa, R., Ohka, M., Yamasaki, H., & Shimoyama, H. (2020). Cyber bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: The differential moderating effects of intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional competence. Journal of Adolescence, 80, 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.009
  • Víllora, B., Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S., Alfaro, A., & Navarro, R. (2020). Relations among poly-bullying victimization, subjective well-being and resilience in a sample of late adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 590.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020590
  • Viru, A., Loko, J., Harro, M., Volver, A., Laaneots, L., & Viru, M. (1999). Critical periods in the development of performance capacity during childhood and adolescence. European Journal of Physical Education, 4(1), 75-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/174089899004 0106
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Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 75, 515 - 523, 30.12.2024

Yakup İme

https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1394927yi

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bulut, S., Dogan, U., & Altundag, Y. (2013). Adolescent psychological resilience scale: Validity and reliability study. Suvremena Psihologija, 16(1), 31-31.
  • Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015). Loneliness: Clinical import and interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615570616
  • Cairns, K. E., Yap, M. B. H., Pilkington, P. D., & Jorm, A. F. (2014). Risk and protective factors for depression that adolescents can modify: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 169, 61-75. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jad.2014.08.006
  • Cooper, K., Hards, E., Moltrecht, B., Reynolds, S., Shum, A., McElroy, E., & Loades, M. (2021). Loneliness, social relationships, and mental health in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 289, 98-104. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jad.2021.04.016
  • deLara, E. W. (2019). Consequences of childhood bullying on mental health and relationships for young adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 2379-2389.https://doi.org/ 10.1007/10826-018-1197-y
  • Donnon, T. (2010). Understanding how resiliency development influences adolescent bullying and victimization. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 25(1), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573509345481
  • Ellis, B. J., Bianchi, J., Griskevicius, V., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2017). Beyond risk and protective factors: An adaptation-based approach to resilience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(4), 561-587. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617693054
  • Fang, D., Lu, J., Che, Y., Ran, H., Peng, J., Chen, L., ... & Xiao, Y. (2022). School bullying victimization-associated anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents: the mediation of resilience. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 16(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00490-x
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • Goosby, B. J., Bellatorre, A., Walsemann, K. M., & Cheadle, J. E. (2013). Adolescent loneliness and health in early adulthood. Sociological Inquiry, 83(4), 505-536.  https://doi. org/10.1111/soin.12018
  • Güçlü, G., & Çam. S. (2022). Investigation of resilience in according to exposure to cyberbullying in adolescents. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 51(3), 1584-1609. https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.1058071
  • Han, Z., Wang, Z., & Li, Y. (2021). Cyberbullying involvement, resilient coping, and loneliness of adolescents during Covid-19 in rural China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 664612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664612
  • Harbin, S. M., Kelley, M. L., Piscitello, J., & Walker, S. J. (2019). Multidimensional bullying victimization scale: Development and validation. Journal of School Violence, 18(1), 146-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2017.1423491
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
  • Hosozawa, M., Bann, D., Fink, E., Elsden, E., Baba, S., Iso, H., & Patalay, P. (2021). Bullying victimisation in adolescence: prevalence and inequalities by gender, socioeconomic status and academic performance across 71 countries. EClinical Medicine, 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101142
  • İme, Y., Çınar, S. E., Keskinoğlu, M. Ş., & Kütük, H. (2020). Çok boyutlu zorbalık mağduriyeti ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. e-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 137-152.https://doi.org/ 10.30900/kafkasegt.732493
  • Jakobsen, I. S., Madsen, L. M. R., Mau, M., Hjemdal, O., & Friborg, O. (2020). The relationship between resilience and loneliness elucidated by a Danish version of the resilience scale for adults. BMC psychology, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00493-3
  • Laursen, B., & Hartl, A. C. (2013). Understanding loneliness during adolescence: Developmental changes that increase the risk of perceived social isolation. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1261-1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.06.003
  • Lerner, R. M. (2006). Resilience as an attribute of the developmental system: Comments on the papers of Professors Masten & Wachs. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.005
  • Lin, L. Y., Chien, Y. N., Chen, Y. H., Wu, C. Y., & Chiou, H. Y. (2022). Bullying experiences, depression, and the moderating role of resilience among adolescents. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 872100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.872100
  • Lin, S., Yuan, Z., Niu, G., Fan, C., & Hao, X. (2023). Family matters more than friends on problematic social media use among adolescents: mediating roles of resilience and loneliness. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01026-w
  • Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., ... & Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009
  • Margalit, M. (2010). Lonely children and adolescents: Self-perceptions, social exclusion, and hope. Springer.
  • Masten, A. S. (2015). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. Guilford Publications.
  • Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(1), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x
  • Olweus, D., Limber, S. P., & Breivik, K. (2019). Addressing specific forms of bullying: A large-scale evaluation of the Olweus bullying prevention program. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 1, 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-00009-7
  • Ostaszewski, K. (2020). The importance of resilience in adolescent mental health promotion and risk behaviour prevention. International Journal of Public Health, 65, 1221-1222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01508-x
  • Ran, H., Cai, L., He, X., Jiang, L., Wang, T., Yang, R., ... & Xiao, Y. (2020). Resilience mediates the association between school bullying victimization and self-harm in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jad.2020.07.136
  • Rothon, C., Head, J., Klineberg, E., & Stansfeld, S. (2011). Can social support protect bullied adolescents from adverse outcomes? A prospective study on the effects of bullying on the educational achievement and mental health of adolescents at secondary schools in East London. Journal of Adolescence, 34(3), 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.adolescence.2010.02.007
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472.
  • Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals. 1376.002
  • Schoeler, T., Duncan, L., Cecil, C. M., Ploubidis, G. B., & Pingault, J.-B. (2018). Quasi-experimental evidence on short- and long-term consequences of bullying victimization: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 144(12), 1229–1246. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000171
  • Schwartz-Mette, R. A., Shankman, J., Dueweke, A. R., Borowski, S., & Rose, A. J. (2020). Relations of friendship experiences with depressive symptoms and loneliness in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(8), 664–700. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000239
  • Seher, A., & Küçük, S. (2022). Adölesanlarda Sosyal Medya Kullanımı, Siber Zorbalık, Yalnızlık İlişkisi ve Hemşirelik. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 34-44.
  • Shemesh, D. O., & Heiman, T. (2021). Resilience and self-concept as mediating factors in the relationship between bullying victimization and sense of well-being among adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 158-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2021.1899946
  • Sher, L. (2019). Resilience as a focus of suicide research and prevention. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 140(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13059
  • Shpiegel, S. (2016). Resilience among older adolescents in foster care: The impact of risk and protective factors. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14, 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9573-y
  • Talan, M. İ., Bostan, G., & Öztürk, Y. (2021). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyet durumları ile yalnızlık algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 378-398. https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.905167
  • Talu, E., & Gümüş, G. (2022). Türkiye’de akran zorbalığının ergenler arasında yaygınlığının incelenmesi: bir meta analiz çalışması. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 12(3), 1673-1682. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1030602
  • Tian, Y., Qin, N., Cao, S., & Gao, F. (2021). Reciprocal associations between shyness, self-esteem, loneliness, depression, and Internet addiction in Chinese adolescents. Addiction Research & Theory, 29(2), 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2020.1755657
  • Twum-Antwi, A., Jefferies, P., & Ungar, M. (2020). Promoting child and youth resilience by strengthening home and school environments: A literature review. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 8(2), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603. 2019.1660284
  • Ungar, M., & Theron, L. (2020). Resilience and mental health: How multisystemic processes contribute to positive outcomes. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(5), 441-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30434-1
  • Urano, Y., Takizawa, R., Ohka, M., Yamasaki, H., & Shimoyama, H. (2020). Cyber bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: The differential moderating effects of intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional competence. Journal of Adolescence, 80, 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.009
  • Víllora, B., Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S., Alfaro, A., & Navarro, R. (2020). Relations among poly-bullying victimization, subjective well-being and resilience in a sample of late adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 590.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020590
  • Viru, A., Loko, J., Harro, M., Volver, A., Laaneots, L., & Viru, M. (1999). Critical periods in the development of performance capacity during childhood and adolescence. European Journal of Physical Education, 4(1), 75-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/174089899004 0106
  • von Soest, T., Luhmann, M., & Gerstorf, D. (2020). The development of loneliness through adolescence and young adulthood: Its nature, correlates, and midlife outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 56(10), 1919–1934. https://doi.org/10.1037/ dev0001102
  • Yıldız, M. A., & Duy, B. (2014). Adaptation of the short form of the UCLA loneliness scale (ULS8) to Turkish for the adolescents. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27(3), 194-203. https://dx.doi.org/10.5350/dajpn2014270302.
  • Zimmerman, M. A., & Brenner, A. B. (2010). Resilience in adolescence: Overcoming neighborhood disadvantage. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 283–308). The Guilford Press.
  • Zhou, Z. K., Liu, Q. Q., Niu, G. F., Sun, X. J., & Fan, C. Y. (2017). Bullying victimization and depression in Chinese children: A moderated mediation model of resilience and mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 137-142. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.paid.2016.07.040
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yakup İme 0000-0001-6818-8044

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 22 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 75

Kaynak Göster

APA İme, Y. (2024). May Bullying Victimization and Loneliness in Adolescents be Risk Factors for Psychological Resilience?. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 14(75), 515-523. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1394927yi

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.