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Denizcilik Operasyonlarında Denizcilerin Temel Teknik Olmayan Becerilerinin AHP Tabanlı Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Erken Görünüm Makaleler, 1 - 13

Ali Cem Kuzu , Umut Taç

Öz

Dijital teknolojiler ve otomasyon denizcilik sektörünü yeniden şekillendirmeye devam ederken, denizciler arasında odak noktası giderek teknik becerilerden teknik olmayan becerilere kaymaktadır. Makinelerin rutin operasyonel görevleri giderek daha fazla devralmasıyla birlikte iletişim, karar verme ve durumsal farkındalık gibi yetkinlikler güvenli ve etkili gemi operasyonları için gerekli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, uzman görüşlerinden ve akademik literatürün sistematik bir incelemesinden elde edilen çıkarımlardan yararlanarak deniz taşımacılığında teknik olmayan becerilerin rolünü araştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda güvenli ve etkili gemi operasyonlarıyla ilgili olarak ekip çalışması, iletişim, durumsal farkındalık, karar verme ve liderlik olmak üzere beş temel yetkinlik belirlenmiştir. Bu yetkinliklerin göreceli önemini değerlendirmek için, uzman değerlendirmelerine dayalı yapılandırılmış bir önceliklendirme sağlayan Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntem, denizcilik operasyonlarında teknik olmayan becerilerin önem ağırlıklandırmalarının analitik bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, durumsal farkındalığın en kritik teknik olmayan beceri olduğunu vurgulayarak dinamik ve yüksek riskli bir ortam barındıran denizcilik operasyonlarında bu kriterin öneminin altını çizmektedir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmanın çıktıları denizcilerin teknik olmayan becerilerinin geliştirilmesi, istihdam süreçlerinin iyileştirilmesi ve denizcilikte operasyonel güvenliğin artırılması için bir rehber niteliği teşkil etmektedir.

Anahtar sözcükler: AHP, İnsan faktörü, Çok kriterli karar verme,Teknik olmayan beceriler

Anahtar Kelimeler

AHP İnsan faktörü Çok kriterli karar verme Teknik olmayan beceriler

Kaynakça

  • Agua, P.B. et al., Armindo Dias da Silva Frias, A.D.S., Carrasqueira, M.C., Daniel, J.M.M. (2020). Future of maritime education and training: blending hard and soft skills. Pomorstvo, 34(2):345-353. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.15
  • Allen, C.L. (2022). Seafarers’ Descriptions of the Influence of Non-Technical Skills Training within Maritime Safety, Doctoral Thesis, Grand Canyon University.
  • Barnett, M., Gatfield, D., Pekcan, C., (2006). Non-technical skills: the vital ingredient in world maritime technology, London; Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST). CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) (2006). Crew Resource management (CRM) Training CAP 737, Civil Aviation Authority Norwich, UK.
  • Chauvin, C. (2011). Human factors and maritime safety. The Journal of Navigation, 64(4), 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463311000142
  • Chauvin, C. Lardjane, S., Morel, G., Clostermann, J., Langard, B. (2013). Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: analysis of collisions at sea using the HFACS. Accident Analysis Prev 59:26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.006 Chowdhury, M.M.H., Askari, H.R., Bushra, R.T, Ullah, T.R. (2023). Revisiting seafarers’ skills in the twenty-first century: a modified Delphi-BWM approach. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 16(50):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2023.2214429
  • Colzi, G., Giannoni, M., Torre, T. (2019). Investigating seafarers’ hard and soft skills in maritime logistics: an overarching approach. Impresa Progetto - Electronic Journal of Management.
  • Efecan, V. (2024). An application of integrated AHP and TOPSIS methodology on the choice of transshipment container port in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 10(3): 145-158. doi: 10.52998/trjmms.1402544.
  • Fjeld, G.P., Tvedt, S.D., Oltedal, H. (2018). Bridge officers’ non-technical skills: a literature review, WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 17(4):475–495. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-018-0158-z
  • Fjeld, G.P., Tvedt, S.D. (2020). How do BRM-training participants understand non-technical skills? WMU J Maritime Affairs 19, 235–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-020-00198-9
  • Flin, R., Martin, L., Goeters, K.M., Hoermann, H. (2003). Development of the NOTECHS (Non-Technical Skills) system for assessing pilots' CRM skills. Human Factors and Aerospace Safety, 3, 95-117.
  • IMO (2017). STCW: Including 2010 Manila amendments: STCW Convention and STCW Code: International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers.
  • INTERTANKO and OCIMF (2018). Behavioral competency assessment and verification for vessel operators, Accessed Date: 18.12.2025 https://www.ocimf.org/document-libary/87-behavioural-competency-assessment-and-verification/file.
  • Ishak, A., & Akmaliah, V. (2019). Analytical hierarchy process and PROMETHEE as decision making tool: a review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 505, No. 1, p. 012085). IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/505/1/012085
  • ITF (International Transport Workers’ Federation)., (2010). STCW: A Guide for Seafarers. International Transport Workers’ Federation, Accessed Date 17.12.2024, https://www.mptusa.com/pdf/STCW_guide_english.pd.
  • Khan, A.U., & Ali, Y. (2020). Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process methods and their applications: a twenty-year review from 2000-2019: AHP & ANP techniques and their applications: Twenty years review from 2000 to 2019. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v12i3.822
  • Kibria, A.S., Seekamp, E., Xiao, X., Dalyander, S., & Eaton, M. (2024). Multi-criteria decision approach for climate adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States: Application of AHP method. Climate Risk Management, 43, 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100587
  • Maria, C.F., Bouranta, N. (2021). Soft Skills Enhance Employee Contextual Performance: The Case of the Maritime Industry. KnE Social Sciences, 5(9), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v5i9.989
  • Saaty, T.L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(11), 1073-1076.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1994). How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. Interfaces, 24(6), 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.24.6.19
  • Saaty, T.L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International journal of services sciences, 1(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.017590
  • Saaty, T.L., & Vargas, L.G. (2012). Models, methods, concepts & applications of the analytic hierarchy process (Vol. 175). Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3597-6
  • Saeed, F.A. Wall, A., Roberts, C., Riahi, R., Bury, A. (2017). A proposed quantitative methodology for the evaluation of the effectiveness of human element, leadership and management (HELM) training in the UK. WMU J Marit Aff 16:115–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-016-0107-7
  • Salas, E., Sims, D.E., & Burke, C.S. (2005). Is there a “big five” in teamwork?. Small group research, 36(5), 555-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964052771
  • Saucedo-Martínez, J.A., Salais-Fierro, T.E., Rodriguez-Aguilar, R., & Marmolejo-Saucedo, J.A. (2024). Selecting the distribution system using AHP and fuzzy AHP methods. Mobile Networks and Applications, 29(1),235-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-023-02290-9
  • Sharma, A., Kim, T. (2021). Exploring technical and non-technical competencies of navigators for autonomous shipping. Maritime Policy & Management, 49(6), 831–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.1914874
  • Sipahi, S., & Timor, M. (2010). The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: an overview of applications. Management decision, 48(5), 775-808. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741011043920
  • Theotokas, I., & Progoulaki, M. (2007). Cultural diversity, manning strategies and management practices in Greek shipping. Maritime Policy & Management, 34(4),383-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830701539198
  • Thomas, M.J.W. (2018). Training and Assessing Non-Technical Skills: A Practical Guide (1st ed.). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315550336
  • Velmurugan, R., Selvamuthukumar, S., & Manavalan, R. (2011). Multi criteria decision making to select the suitable method for the preparation of nanoparticles using an analytical hierarchy process. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66(11), 836-842. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2011.1034
  • Yu, D., Kou, G., Xu, Z., & Shi, S. (2021). Analysis of collaboration evolution in AHP research: 1982–2018. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 20(01), 7-36. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622020500406
  • Zheliaskov, V., Berezovska, V., Tymofyeyeva, O., Chyzh, S., Turlak, L. (2024). Soft skills in the professional competence of specialists in the maritime industry. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research, 38, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.38.1.11

AHP-Based Evaluation of Core Non-Technical Skills for Seafarers in Maritime Operations

Yıl 2025, Erken Görünüm Makaleler, 1 - 13

Ali Cem Kuzu , Umut Taç

Öz

As digital technologies and automation continue to reshape the maritime industry, the focus is gradually shifting from technical to non-technical skills among seafarers. With machines increasingly taking over routine operational tasks, competencies such as communication, decision-making, and situational awareness are becoming essential for safe and effective shipboard operations. This study investigates the role of non-technical skills in maritime transportation by drawing on insights from expert consultations and a systematic review of academic literature. Through this dual approach, five core competencies were identified as particularly relevant to safe and effective shipboard operations: teamwork, communication, situational awareness, decision-making, and leadership. To assess the relative importance of these competencies, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed, enabling structured prioritization based on expert judgments. This method provided a clear understanding of which non-technical skills are most critical in contemporary maritime contexts. Results highlight situational awareness as the most critical non-technical skill, underlining its importance in dynamic and high-risk environments. The findings offer practical guidance for maritime training providers and organizations aiming to improve crew development, recruitment, and operational safety through a more targeted focus on non-technical skills.

Keywords: AHP, Human factor, Multi criteria decision making, Non-technical skills

Anahtar Kelimeler

AHP Human factor Multi criteria decision making Non-technical skills

Kaynakça

  • Agua, P.B. et al., Armindo Dias da Silva Frias, A.D.S., Carrasqueira, M.C., Daniel, J.M.M. (2020). Future of maritime education and training: blending hard and soft skills. Pomorstvo, 34(2):345-353. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.15
  • Allen, C.L. (2022). Seafarers’ Descriptions of the Influence of Non-Technical Skills Training within Maritime Safety, Doctoral Thesis, Grand Canyon University.
  • Barnett, M., Gatfield, D., Pekcan, C., (2006). Non-technical skills: the vital ingredient in world maritime technology, London; Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST). CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) (2006). Crew Resource management (CRM) Training CAP 737, Civil Aviation Authority Norwich, UK.
  • Chauvin, C. (2011). Human factors and maritime safety. The Journal of Navigation, 64(4), 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463311000142
  • Chauvin, C. Lardjane, S., Morel, G., Clostermann, J., Langard, B. (2013). Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: analysis of collisions at sea using the HFACS. Accident Analysis Prev 59:26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.006 Chowdhury, M.M.H., Askari, H.R., Bushra, R.T, Ullah, T.R. (2023). Revisiting seafarers’ skills in the twenty-first century: a modified Delphi-BWM approach. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 16(50):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2023.2214429
  • Colzi, G., Giannoni, M., Torre, T. (2019). Investigating seafarers’ hard and soft skills in maritime logistics: an overarching approach. Impresa Progetto - Electronic Journal of Management.
  • Efecan, V. (2024). An application of integrated AHP and TOPSIS methodology on the choice of transshipment container port in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 10(3): 145-158. doi: 10.52998/trjmms.1402544.
  • Fjeld, G.P., Tvedt, S.D., Oltedal, H. (2018). Bridge officers’ non-technical skills: a literature review, WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 17(4):475–495. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13437-018-0158-z
  • Fjeld, G.P., Tvedt, S.D. (2020). How do BRM-training participants understand non-technical skills? WMU J Maritime Affairs 19, 235–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-020-00198-9
  • Flin, R., Martin, L., Goeters, K.M., Hoermann, H. (2003). Development of the NOTECHS (Non-Technical Skills) system for assessing pilots' CRM skills. Human Factors and Aerospace Safety, 3, 95-117.
  • IMO (2017). STCW: Including 2010 Manila amendments: STCW Convention and STCW Code: International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers.
  • INTERTANKO and OCIMF (2018). Behavioral competency assessment and verification for vessel operators, Accessed Date: 18.12.2025 https://www.ocimf.org/document-libary/87-behavioural-competency-assessment-and-verification/file.
  • Ishak, A., & Akmaliah, V. (2019). Analytical hierarchy process and PROMETHEE as decision making tool: a review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 505, No. 1, p. 012085). IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/505/1/012085
  • ITF (International Transport Workers’ Federation)., (2010). STCW: A Guide for Seafarers. International Transport Workers’ Federation, Accessed Date 17.12.2024, https://www.mptusa.com/pdf/STCW_guide_english.pd.
  • Khan, A.U., & Ali, Y. (2020). Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process methods and their applications: a twenty-year review from 2000-2019: AHP & ANP techniques and their applications: Twenty years review from 2000 to 2019. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v12i3.822
  • Kibria, A.S., Seekamp, E., Xiao, X., Dalyander, S., & Eaton, M. (2024). Multi-criteria decision approach for climate adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States: Application of AHP method. Climate Risk Management, 43, 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100587
  • Maria, C.F., Bouranta, N. (2021). Soft Skills Enhance Employee Contextual Performance: The Case of the Maritime Industry. KnE Social Sciences, 5(9), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v5i9.989
  • Saaty, T.L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(11), 1073-1076.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1994). How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. Interfaces, 24(6), 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.24.6.19
  • Saaty, T.L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International journal of services sciences, 1(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.017590
  • Saaty, T.L., & Vargas, L.G. (2012). Models, methods, concepts & applications of the analytic hierarchy process (Vol. 175). Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3597-6
  • Saeed, F.A. Wall, A., Roberts, C., Riahi, R., Bury, A. (2017). A proposed quantitative methodology for the evaluation of the effectiveness of human element, leadership and management (HELM) training in the UK. WMU J Marit Aff 16:115–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-016-0107-7
  • Salas, E., Sims, D.E., & Burke, C.S. (2005). Is there a “big five” in teamwork?. Small group research, 36(5), 555-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964052771
  • Saucedo-Martínez, J.A., Salais-Fierro, T.E., Rodriguez-Aguilar, R., & Marmolejo-Saucedo, J.A. (2024). Selecting the distribution system using AHP and fuzzy AHP methods. Mobile Networks and Applications, 29(1),235-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-023-02290-9
  • Sharma, A., Kim, T. (2021). Exploring technical and non-technical competencies of navigators for autonomous shipping. Maritime Policy & Management, 49(6), 831–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.1914874
  • Sipahi, S., & Timor, M. (2010). The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: an overview of applications. Management decision, 48(5), 775-808. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741011043920
  • Theotokas, I., & Progoulaki, M. (2007). Cultural diversity, manning strategies and management practices in Greek shipping. Maritime Policy & Management, 34(4),383-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830701539198
  • Thomas, M.J.W. (2018). Training and Assessing Non-Technical Skills: A Practical Guide (1st ed.). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315550336
  • Velmurugan, R., Selvamuthukumar, S., & Manavalan, R. (2011). Multi criteria decision making to select the suitable method for the preparation of nanoparticles using an analytical hierarchy process. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66(11), 836-842. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2011.1034
  • Yu, D., Kou, G., Xu, Z., & Shi, S. (2021). Analysis of collaboration evolution in AHP research: 1982–2018. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 20(01), 7-36. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622020500406
  • Zheliaskov, V., Berezovska, V., Tymofyeyeva, O., Chyzh, S., Turlak, L. (2024). Soft skills in the professional competence of specialists in the maritime industry. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research, 38, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.38.1.11
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği, Gemi Yönetimi, Deniz Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ali Cem Kuzu 0000-0001-5594-9158

Umut Taç 0000-0002-8452-2708

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Erken Görünüm Makaleler

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuzu, A. C., & Taç, U. (2025). AHP-Based Evaluation of Core Non-Technical Skills for Seafarers in Maritime Operations. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences1-13.

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