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Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran during the Nation-Building Process

Yıl 2025, , 553 - 602, 07.08.2025

Aras Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2025.553

Öz

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, modern historiography witnessed a significant shift towards the kinship/homogeneity approach, largely driven by orientalists in non- Western regions. Within this paradigm, the geographical significance of Iran gained prominence.
This study scrutinizes the intersection of Aryanist historiography with the construction field during the Qajar and First Pahlavi periods in Iran. It assesses the tangible outcomes of this historical perspective as the emergence of Persian Nationalism in the construction field. It draws upon primary sources and an extensive literature review, employing a critical methodology to scrutinize architectural historiography during the late Qajar and First Pahlavi periods. The study identifies that, from the second half of the 19th century, Persian Nationalism rose under the leadership of non- Muslim capitalists and foreign and local Orientalists, subsequently gaining political power after the First Pahlavi period and becoming a determining factor in shaping the field of construction development. In this way, the archaic mindset that glorified pre- Islamic Iranian civilizations and opposed the centuries-long presence of Turkic and Arab cultures as local elements after Islam became the main ideology of the modern Iranian nation-state. This main ideology became a dominant element in the early architectural culture of the Iranian nation-state, bringing significant outcomes in the field of urban development. In this context, the outcomes in the urban field can be summarized as follows: the glorification of Persian historical figures, the demolition of public buildings and urban morphology from the Turkic Qajar period, and the proliferation of the Achaemenid/Sassanid revivalist style.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orientalism Qajar First Pahlavi Aryanism Persian Nationalism Revivalist Architecture Modern Iran

Kaynakça

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Şarkiyatçı Aryanism İdeolojisi ve İran’ın Ulus İnşası Sürecindeki Mimari Kültüründe Dışa Vurumu

Yıl 2025, , 553 - 602, 07.08.2025

Aras Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2025.553

Öz

XVIII. yüzyılın sonları ve XIX. yüzyılın başlarında modern tarih yazımında soydaşlık ve türdeşlik yaklaşımının güçlenmesi, ardından Aryancı sürekli tarih yazımını oluşturma çabaları, Batı dışı topraklarda oryantalistler vasıtasıyla yayılmıştır. Bu tarih yazımı anlayışında İran coğrafyası, oryantalistler tarafından önemli bir konuma yerleştirilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Aryanist tarih yazımının İran’daki argümanları ve imar alanında nasıl mimari sonuçlar doğurduğu incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, bu tarihsel perspektifin somut çıktıları, Fars milliyetçiliğinin imar alanındaki tezahürü olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın hazırlanması dönem ile ilgili birincil kaynaklar ve kapsamlı bir literatür taraması sonucunda gerçekleşmiştir. Mevcut literatürde olmayan veya kullanılmayan veriler ışığında İran’daki Geç Kaçar Dönemi ile Birinci Pehlevi Dönemi mimarlık tarih yazımı eleştirel bir yöntemle tekrar ele alınmıştır.
Makalede, XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Fars milliyetçiliğinin gayrimüslim sermayedarlar ile yabancı ve yerel oryantalistlerin öncülüğünde yükseldiği, Birinci Pehlevi Dönemi sonrasında siyasal iktidarı ele geçirdiği ve imar alanının şekillendirilmesinde belirleyici bir unsur hâline geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Fars milliyetçiliğinin siyasal iktidarı ele geçirmesiyle birlikte modern İran ulus-devletinin ana ideolojisine dönüşen arkaik zihniyet, İslamiyet öncesi İran uygarlıklarının yüceltmesi ile İslamiyet sonrası yüzyıllarca yerel unsurlar olarak varlığına devam Türk-Arap varlıklarının karşıtlığını doğurmuştur. Bu bağlamda, Türk ve Arap halkları düşmanlaştırılarak, Fars milliyetçiliğinin ötekisi haline getirilmişlerdir. Bu ana ideoloji erken dönem İran ulus-devlet mimari kültürünün başat unsuru haline gelerek imar alanında önemli sonuçarı beraberinde getirmiştir. İmar alanındaki sonuçlar; Fars tarihi şahsiyetlerinin yüceltilmesi, Türk Kaçar dönemine ait kamusal yapıların ve kentsel morfolojinin yıkımı ve Ahameniş/Sasani canlanmacı üslubunun yaygınlaştırılması olarak özetlenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oryantalism Kaçar Birinci Pehlevi Aryanizm Fars Milliyetçiliği Canlandırmacı Mimarlık Modern İran

Kaynakça

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  • Hekmat, Ali-Asghar, Si Khatereh az Asr-e Farkhonde-ye Pahlavi [Thirty Memories of the Blessed Pahlavi Era] [in Persian], Pars Press, Tehran 1976.
  • Herzfeld, Ernst, Tarikh-e Bâstâni-ye Iran [Archaeological History of Iran] [in Persian], trans. Aliasghar Hekmat, Anjoman-e Asar-e Melli Publications, Tehran 1976.
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  • Issawi, Charles, Tarikh-e Eqtesadi-ye Iran: Asr-e Qajar [The Economic History of Iran: Qajar Era] [in Persian], trans. Yaghoub Ajand, 3rd edition, Gostareh Iran Publications, Tehran 2009.
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  • Malcolm, John, History of Persia, John Murray, Albemarle Street, London 1815.
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  • Taheri, Abolghassem, Seyr-e Farhang-e Irani Dar Britanya Ya Tarikh-e Devist Sale-e Motaleat-e Irani [The Course of Iranian Culture in Britain or the Two-Hundred-Year History of Iranian Studies] [in Persian], Anjoman-e Asar-e Melli Publications, Tehran 1973.
  • Zia-Ebrahimi, Reza, “Self-Orientalization and Dislocation: The Uses and Abuses of the ‘Aryan’ Discourse in Iran”, Iranian Studies, Vol. 44/No. 4, 2011, pp. 445-472.
Toplam 99 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Aras Kahraman 0000-0001-8081-6859

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Kahraman, A. (2025). Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran during the Nation-Building Process. BELLETEN, 89(315), 553-602. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2025.553
AMA Kahraman A. Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran during the Nation-Building Process. TTK BELLETEN. Ağustos 2025;89(315):553-602. doi:10.37879/belleten.2025.553
Chicago Kahraman, Aras. “Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran During the Nation-Building Process”. BELLETEN 89, sy. 315 (Ağustos 2025): 553-602. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2025.553.
EndNote Kahraman A (01 Ağustos 2025) Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran during the Nation-Building Process. BELLETEN 89 315 553–602.
IEEE A. Kahraman, “Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran during the Nation-Building Process”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 89, sy. 315, ss. 553–602, 2025, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2025.553.
ISNAD Kahraman, Aras. “Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran During the Nation-Building Process”. BELLETEN 89/315 (Ağustos 2025), 553-602. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2025.553.
JAMA Kahraman A. Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran during the Nation-Building Process. TTK BELLETEN. 2025;89:553–602.
MLA Kahraman, Aras. “Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran During the Nation-Building Process”. BELLETEN, c. 89, sy. 315, 2025, ss. 553-02, doi:10.37879/belleten.2025.553.
Vancouver Kahraman A. Orientalist Ideology of Aryanism and Its Manifestation in the Architectural Culture of Iran during the Nation-Building Process. TTK BELLETEN. 2025;89(315):553-602.

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