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Comparative bio-efficacy of botanical and chemical pesticides against leaf-eating caterpillars (Artona chorista Jordan) in large cardamom fields of Bhojpur

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 127 - 137, 30.06.2025

Tika Bhandari , Dipesh Kumar Mehata , Savyata Acharya , Riya Poudel , Sudikshya Nepal , Daurik Lal Pandit , Sova Yadav Saurabh Tripathi Sulok Pokhrel Bijay Ghimire

https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1622536

Öz

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is a high-value cash crop widely cultivated in Nepal, playing a significant role in rural livelihoods and national export earnings. The bio-efficacy of various botanical and chemical pesticides in managing the leaf-eating caterpillar, a major pest causing severe economic loss in cardamom fields, was evaluated in Bhojpur-10, Bhaisipankha, under the PMAMP cardamom zone. The experiment, conducted from March to April, utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments: Dadaguard Plus (Neem seed kernel, Azadirachtin 2.00% W/W), Neem oil, Tobacco extract, Cypermethrin 10% EC, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, and a water control. Each treatment was replicated three times, and pesticides were applied twice at 15-day intervals. Findings revealed that Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Cypermethrin 10% EC, and Emamectin benzoate 5% SG were the most effective chemical treatments, achieving rapid and near-complete suppression of larval populations and leaf damage. Among botanical options, Dadaguard Plus emerged as the most effective bio-pesticide, significantly reducing caterpillar damage, while Neem oil and Tobacco extract showed moderate efficacy. These findings underscore the potential for integrating eco-friendly botanical pesticides with chemical options for sustainable pest management. Government support through subsidies and quality agro-inputs is crucial to empower farmers and ensure the sustainability of cardamom production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bio-efficacy Bio-pesticides Leaf eating caterpillar Sustainable pest control

Etik Beyan

Not applicable.

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors did not receive any funding during and after the completion of the study.

Teşekkür

Not applicable.

Kaynakça

  • Asare-Bediako, E., Frimpong, K. A., Eghan, M. J., & Combey, R. (2017). Variation in the susceptibility of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) genotypes to okra mosaic virus and Podagrica species under field conditions. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science , 9(6), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2017.0650
  • Baniya, A. K., Karki, S., Dhungana, S. M., & Rizal, G. (2019). Economic analysis on the production of large cardamom in Panchathar, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 20, 117–128. https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v20i0.25038
  • Basnet, B., Kumar Yadav, P., & Devkota, A. R. (2021). Insect pests infestation, diseases and management practice of large cardamom in Nepal: A. Review. i TECH MAG, 3, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.26480/itechmag.03.2021.33.42
  • Belbase, S., Paudel, J., Bhusal, R., Gautam, S., Aryal, A., & Kumar, S. (2018). Fungal diseases of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) and its integrated management. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(03), 3316-3321. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.382
  • Bhattarai, N. K., Deka, T. N., Chhetri, P., Gudade, B. A., & Gupta, U. (2013). Establishment of large cardamom clone multiplication units. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Science, 2(4), 1–3.
  • Bhattarai, S. K., Bhattarai, S., & Sigdel, U. P. (2021). Production economics and marketing of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) in Chainpur, Sankhuwasabha, Nepal. Food & Agribusiness Management, 2(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2021.31.34
  • Elbert, A., Nauen, R., & Leicht, W. (1998). Imidacloprid, a novel chloronicotinyl insecticide: Biological activity and agricultural importance. Insecticides with Novel Modes of Action, 50–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03565-8_4
  • Gacemi, A., & Guenaoui, Y. (2012). Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate on Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting a protected tomato crop in Algeria. Academic Journal of Entomology, 5(1), 37–40. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aje.2012.5.1.6315
  • Gautam, A. (2021). Nepal begins process to register five species of large cardamom grown in the country. In The kathmandu post.
  • Gudade, B. A. (2018). vegetos- an international journal of plant research insect and mammalian pests of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxburgh ) in Sikkim Himalaya. May, 10–13. https://doi.org/10.4172/2229-4473.1000151
  • Gudade, B. A., Chhetri, P., Gupta, U., Deka, T. N., & Vijayan, A. K. (2013). Traditional practices of large cardamom cultivation in Sikkim and Darjeeling. Life Sciences Leaflets, 43, 62-70.
  • Gusain, M., & Ravi, S. (2020). In vivo assessment of fungicides and bioagents for Alternaria blight of radish (Alternaria raphani Groves and Skolko). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5), 2091-2094.
  • Joshi, R., Sharma, P., Sharma, V., Prasad, R., Sud, R. K., & Gulati, A. (2013). Analysis of the essential oil of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) growing in different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(6), 1303–1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5886
  • Kalauni, D., & Joshi, A. (2019). Production economics, marketing and critical success factors of large cardamom in Bhojpur, Nepal. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1701358
  • Kaskoos, R. A., Mir, S. R., Kapoor, R., & Ali, M. (2008). Essential oil composition of the fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 11(2), 184–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2008.10643617
  • Kattel, R. R., Regmi, P. P., Sharma, M. D., & Thapa, Y. B. (2020). Value chain analysis of large cardamom in eastern Himalayan road corridor of Nepal: Trade and governance. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, 4, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47025
  • Kattel, S., Subedi, A., Chaudhary, L. B., Thapa, S. B., Katel, S., Dhimal, S., & Mandal, H. R. (2023). Efficacy of various botanical pesticides against leaf eating caterpillar (Artona chorista Jordan) on large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) field of Sankhuwasabha District, Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 8(1), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080107
  • Khatiwada, A., Subedi, A., & Dangol, R. (2019). A review on status of production of large cardamom in Nepal and its marketing in national and global scenario. Malaysian Journal of Halal Research, 2(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.2478/mjhr-2019-0004
  • Koirala, B. S. (2022). Agroforestry species composition and growth of black cardamom in different habitats along altitudinal gradient , Bhutan. 1–12.
  • Mahapatra, S., & Das, S. (2013). Bioefficacy of botanicals against Alternaria leaf blight of mustard under field condition. The Bioscan, 8(2), 675-679.
  • Manju, M. J., Mushrif, S. K., Shankarappa, T. H., Hegde, L. N., Gowda, A., Lokesh, M. S., & Naik, N. (2018). Evaluation of new fungicides against the leaf blight disease of cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum Maton] in arecanut based intercropping system. Journal of Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry, 283-285.
  • MoALD, (2021). Statistical Information On Nepalese Agriculture (2077/78 ). Publicatons of the Nepal in Data Portal, 73, 274. https://nepalindata.com/resource/statistical-information-nepalese-agriculture-207374-201617/
  • Pathak, A. (2008). Cultivation of large cardamom in Sikkim. Ishani, 2(6).
  • Pun, A. B. (2019). A review on different factors of large cardamom decline in Nepal. Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science, 2(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2018/46732
  • Raj, C., Singh, S., Kalita, H., Avasthe, R. K., Gopi, R., Singh, M., Kapoor, C., Kumar, R., & Singh, N. J. (2021). Prevalence of insect pests in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) and evaluation of bio-rationals for the management of major pests under organic agro-ecosystem of Sikkim. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 30(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.25081/josac.2021.v30.i1.6665
  • Rockwood, D. L., Sujatha, K., Bhattacharyya, B., Chiphang, D. Y., Roja, M., Deepthi, C. H., Reddy, M. D., Ray, S., Swaefy, H. M., El-Ziat, R. A., Brandford, M. M., Kingsley, O., Snr, A. A., Yaw, D., Lante, L. J. N., Ama, E. S., Shenoy, H., Kalma, R. P., Chauhan, H. D., … Singh, R. P. (2020). New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science, 3. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/npacs/v3
  • Rout, P. K., Sahoo, D., Jena, K. S., & Rao, Y. R. (2003). Analysis of the oil of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.,) growing in Sikkim. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15(4), 265-266.
  • Saju, K. A., Deka, T. N., Gupta, U., Biswas, A. K., Sudharshan, M. R., Vijayan, A. K., & Thomas, J. (2013). Identity of Colletotrichum infections in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 22(1), 101-103.
  • Shrestha, J., Prasai, H. K., Timsina, K. P., Shrestha, K. P., Pokhrel, D., Poudel, K., Yadav, M. P., & (2018). Large cardamom in Nepal: Production practice and economics, Processing and Marketing (Issue February 2020).
  • Subedi, A., Kattel, S., Chaudhary, L. B. & Thapa, S. B. (2022). Efficacy of bio agents and fungicides against Colletotrichum blight of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) under field condition in Sankhuwasabha District, Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 7(4), 529-534, https://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.070408
  • Vijayan, A. K., Deka, T. N., & Gudade, B. A (2014). Impact of climate change on large cardamom. Handbook of organic crop production in Sikkim, 2(3), 4.
  • Vijayan A.K., et al., (2019) Pests and diseases of large cardamom in India and their management practices under organic cultivation. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 11, (15), 8876-8880.
  • Waghmare, J. T., Ware, A. M., & Momin, S. A. (2007). Neem oil as pesticide. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 28(2), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932690601062291
  • Yadav, P. K., Basnet, B., & Devkota, A. R. (2021). Insect pests’ infestation, diseases and management practice of large cardamom in Nepal: A Review. INWASCON Technology Magazine, 3, 9-18.
  • Yogesh, M. S., & Mokshapathy, S. (2014). An analysis of spices production in India. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 4(11), 86. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2014.00976.1

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 127 - 137, 30.06.2025

Tika Bhandari , Dipesh Kumar Mehata , Savyata Acharya , Riya Poudel , Sudikshya Nepal , Daurik Lal Pandit , Sova Yadav Saurabh Tripathi Sulok Pokhrel Bijay Ghimire

https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1622536

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Asare-Bediako, E., Frimpong, K. A., Eghan, M. J., & Combey, R. (2017). Variation in the susceptibility of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) genotypes to okra mosaic virus and Podagrica species under field conditions. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science , 9(6), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2017.0650
  • Baniya, A. K., Karki, S., Dhungana, S. M., & Rizal, G. (2019). Economic analysis on the production of large cardamom in Panchathar, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 20, 117–128. https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v20i0.25038
  • Basnet, B., Kumar Yadav, P., & Devkota, A. R. (2021). Insect pests infestation, diseases and management practice of large cardamom in Nepal: A. Review. i TECH MAG, 3, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.26480/itechmag.03.2021.33.42
  • Belbase, S., Paudel, J., Bhusal, R., Gautam, S., Aryal, A., & Kumar, S. (2018). Fungal diseases of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) and its integrated management. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(03), 3316-3321. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.382
  • Bhattarai, N. K., Deka, T. N., Chhetri, P., Gudade, B. A., & Gupta, U. (2013). Establishment of large cardamom clone multiplication units. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Science, 2(4), 1–3.
  • Bhattarai, S. K., Bhattarai, S., & Sigdel, U. P. (2021). Production economics and marketing of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) in Chainpur, Sankhuwasabha, Nepal. Food & Agribusiness Management, 2(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2021.31.34
  • Elbert, A., Nauen, R., & Leicht, W. (1998). Imidacloprid, a novel chloronicotinyl insecticide: Biological activity and agricultural importance. Insecticides with Novel Modes of Action, 50–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03565-8_4
  • Gacemi, A., & Guenaoui, Y. (2012). Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate on Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting a protected tomato crop in Algeria. Academic Journal of Entomology, 5(1), 37–40. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aje.2012.5.1.6315
  • Gautam, A. (2021). Nepal begins process to register five species of large cardamom grown in the country. In The kathmandu post.
  • Gudade, B. A. (2018). vegetos- an international journal of plant research insect and mammalian pests of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxburgh ) in Sikkim Himalaya. May, 10–13. https://doi.org/10.4172/2229-4473.1000151
  • Gudade, B. A., Chhetri, P., Gupta, U., Deka, T. N., & Vijayan, A. K. (2013). Traditional practices of large cardamom cultivation in Sikkim and Darjeeling. Life Sciences Leaflets, 43, 62-70.
  • Gusain, M., & Ravi, S. (2020). In vivo assessment of fungicides and bioagents for Alternaria blight of radish (Alternaria raphani Groves and Skolko). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5), 2091-2094.
  • Joshi, R., Sharma, P., Sharma, V., Prasad, R., Sud, R. K., & Gulati, A. (2013). Analysis of the essential oil of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) growing in different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(6), 1303–1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5886
  • Kalauni, D., & Joshi, A. (2019). Production economics, marketing and critical success factors of large cardamom in Bhojpur, Nepal. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1701358
  • Kaskoos, R. A., Mir, S. R., Kapoor, R., & Ali, M. (2008). Essential oil composition of the fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 11(2), 184–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2008.10643617
  • Kattel, R. R., Regmi, P. P., Sharma, M. D., & Thapa, Y. B. (2020). Value chain analysis of large cardamom in eastern Himalayan road corridor of Nepal: Trade and governance. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, 4, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47025
  • Kattel, S., Subedi, A., Chaudhary, L. B., Thapa, S. B., Katel, S., Dhimal, S., & Mandal, H. R. (2023). Efficacy of various botanical pesticides against leaf eating caterpillar (Artona chorista Jordan) on large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) field of Sankhuwasabha District, Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 8(1), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080107
  • Khatiwada, A., Subedi, A., & Dangol, R. (2019). A review on status of production of large cardamom in Nepal and its marketing in national and global scenario. Malaysian Journal of Halal Research, 2(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.2478/mjhr-2019-0004
  • Koirala, B. S. (2022). Agroforestry species composition and growth of black cardamom in different habitats along altitudinal gradient , Bhutan. 1–12.
  • Mahapatra, S., & Das, S. (2013). Bioefficacy of botanicals against Alternaria leaf blight of mustard under field condition. The Bioscan, 8(2), 675-679.
  • Manju, M. J., Mushrif, S. K., Shankarappa, T. H., Hegde, L. N., Gowda, A., Lokesh, M. S., & Naik, N. (2018). Evaluation of new fungicides against the leaf blight disease of cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum Maton] in arecanut based intercropping system. Journal of Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry, 283-285.
  • MoALD, (2021). Statistical Information On Nepalese Agriculture (2077/78 ). Publicatons of the Nepal in Data Portal, 73, 274. https://nepalindata.com/resource/statistical-information-nepalese-agriculture-207374-201617/
  • Pathak, A. (2008). Cultivation of large cardamom in Sikkim. Ishani, 2(6).
  • Pun, A. B. (2019). A review on different factors of large cardamom decline in Nepal. Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science, 2(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2018/46732
  • Raj, C., Singh, S., Kalita, H., Avasthe, R. K., Gopi, R., Singh, M., Kapoor, C., Kumar, R., & Singh, N. J. (2021). Prevalence of insect pests in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) and evaluation of bio-rationals for the management of major pests under organic agro-ecosystem of Sikkim. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 30(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.25081/josac.2021.v30.i1.6665
  • Rockwood, D. L., Sujatha, K., Bhattacharyya, B., Chiphang, D. Y., Roja, M., Deepthi, C. H., Reddy, M. D., Ray, S., Swaefy, H. M., El-Ziat, R. A., Brandford, M. M., Kingsley, O., Snr, A. A., Yaw, D., Lante, L. J. N., Ama, E. S., Shenoy, H., Kalma, R. P., Chauhan, H. D., … Singh, R. P. (2020). New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science, 3. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/npacs/v3
  • Rout, P. K., Sahoo, D., Jena, K. S., & Rao, Y. R. (2003). Analysis of the oil of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.,) growing in Sikkim. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15(4), 265-266.
  • Saju, K. A., Deka, T. N., Gupta, U., Biswas, A. K., Sudharshan, M. R., Vijayan, A. K., & Thomas, J. (2013). Identity of Colletotrichum infections in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 22(1), 101-103.
  • Shrestha, J., Prasai, H. K., Timsina, K. P., Shrestha, K. P., Pokhrel, D., Poudel, K., Yadav, M. P., & (2018). Large cardamom in Nepal: Production practice and economics, Processing and Marketing (Issue February 2020).
  • Subedi, A., Kattel, S., Chaudhary, L. B. & Thapa, S. B. (2022). Efficacy of bio agents and fungicides against Colletotrichum blight of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) under field condition in Sankhuwasabha District, Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 7(4), 529-534, https://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.070408
  • Vijayan, A. K., Deka, T. N., & Gudade, B. A (2014). Impact of climate change on large cardamom. Handbook of organic crop production in Sikkim, 2(3), 4.
  • Vijayan A.K., et al., (2019) Pests and diseases of large cardamom in India and their management practices under organic cultivation. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 11, (15), 8876-8880.
  • Waghmare, J. T., Ware, A. M., & Momin, S. A. (2007). Neem oil as pesticide. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 28(2), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932690601062291
  • Yadav, P. K., Basnet, B., & Devkota, A. R. (2021). Insect pests’ infestation, diseases and management practice of large cardamom in Nepal: A Review. INWASCON Technology Magazine, 3, 9-18.
  • Yogesh, M. S., & Mokshapathy, S. (2014). An analysis of spices production in India. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 4(11), 86. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2014.00976.1
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Pestisititler ve Toksikoloji
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Tika Bhandari 0000-0003-3351-8351

Dipesh Kumar Mehata 0000-0002-2942-9199

Savyata Acharya 0009-0003-6632-8543

Riya Poudel 0009-0000-8881-2131

Sudikshya Nepal 0000-0002-9868-8549

Daurik Lal Pandit 0009-0007-5291-2203

Sova Yadav 0000-0003-4342-4308

Saurabh Tripathi 0009-0002-1017-5202

Sulok Pokhrel 0009-0006-0513-2418

Bijay Ghimire 0009-0001-8767-7721

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bhandari, T., Mehata, D. K., Acharya, S., Poudel, R., vd. (2025). Comparative bio-efficacy of botanical and chemical pesticides against leaf-eating caterpillars (Artona chorista Jordan) in large cardamom fields of Bhojpur. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences, 7(1), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1622536
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