Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus spp. Producing Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and Solubilizing Inorganic Phosphate from the Rhizosphere of Medicinal Sage (Salvia officinalis)

Murat Güler

doi:10.30910/turkjans.1620479

Araştırma Makalesi

Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus spp. Producing Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and Solubilizing Inorganic Phosphate from the Rhizosphere of Medicinal Sage (Salvia officinalis)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 716 - 726, 23.07.2025

Murat Güler

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1620479

Öz

The production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a key characteristic of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR). This hormone, synthesized by PGPR in the rhizosphere, is responsible for the division, elongation, and differentiation of plant cells and plays a crucial role in various physiological mechanisms in plants. 21 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.) in this study. This study aimed to characterize the indigenous bacterial community in the rhizosphere of S. officinalis and evaluate their potential as microbial fertilizers, focusing on their IAA production and phosphate solubilization capabilities. Among these isolates, 9 were identified as Bacillus sp. through morphological and biochemical tests as well as the MALDI-TOF MS method. Furthermore,9 isolates, 5 (BCM-3, BTM-1, BN-5, BCM-4, and BGM-13) demonstrated the ability to dissolve inorganic phosphate, while 6 (BCM-3, BCM-4, BSM-1, BSM-2, BTM-1, and BN-5) produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in varying percentages. IAA production was assessed in nutrient broth (NB) medium supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and measured at different incubation times. The results revealed that maximum IAA production by Bacillus cereus BCM-3 and BCM-4 was achieved after 3 days of incubation, with the highest production observed in BCM-3 (129.8 µg ml⁻¹). Furthermore, B. cereus BCM-3 and BCM-4 exhibited the highest inorganic phosphate solubilization performance among all tested Bacillus isolates. Our findings demonstrated that BCM-3 and BCM-4, isolated from the rhizosphere of medicinal sage, have significant potential for use as microbial fertilizer applications due to their high IAA production and inorganic phosphate solubilization abilities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medicinal Sage, Bacillus spp., PGPR, microbial fertilizers

Teşekkür

Murat Güler thanks Prof. Dr. Khalid Mahmood Khavar for his advice on preparing articles.

Kaynakça

Abbas, Z. R., Al-Ezee, A. M. M., Authman, S. H. (2019). Siderophore production and phosphate solubilization by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from Iraqi soils and soil characterization. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, 10(01), 74-79.
Abdullahi, S., Muhammed, Y. G., Muhammad, A., Ahmed, J. M., & Shehu, D. (2022). Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. for plant growth promoting properties. Acta Biologica Marisiensis, 5(2), 47-58.
Akçura, S., & Çakmakçı, R. (2023). The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on some plant traits in black cumin (Nigella damascena L.). ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(3), 472-488.
Alemneh, A.A., Cawthray, G.R., Zhou, Y., Ryder, M.H., Denton, M.D. (2021). Ability to produce indole acetic acid is associated with improved phosphate solubilising activity of rhizobacteria. Archives of Microbiology, 203, 3825-3837.
Ali, N., Swarnkar, M. K., Veer, R., Kaushal, P., Pati, A.M. (2023). Temperature-induced modulation of stress-tolerant PGP genes bioprospected from Bacillus sp. IHBT-705 associated with saffron (Crocus sativus) rhizosphere: A natural-treasure trove of microbial biostimulants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1141538.
AL Kahtani, M.D., Fouda, A., Attia, K.A., Al-Otaibi, F., Eid, A. M., Ewais, E.E.D., Abdelaal, K.A. (2020). Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria from desert plants and their application as bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. Agronomy, 10(9), 1325.
Anbi, A. A., Mirshekari, B., Eivazi, A., Yarnia, M., & Behrouzyar, E. K. (2020). PGPRs affected photosynthetic capacity and nutrient uptake in different Salvia species. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(1), 108-121.
Arif, M. S., Muhammad, R.I. A. Z., Shahzad, S. M., Yasmeen, T., Shafaqat, A.L.I., Akhtar, M.J. (2017). Phosphorus-mobilizing rhizobacterial strain Bacillus cereus GS6 improves symbiotic efficiency of soybean on an Aridisol amended with phosphorus-enriched compost. Pedosphere, 27(6), 1049-1061.
Batista, B. D., Dourado, M. N., Figueredo, E. F., Hortencio, R. O., Marques, J. P. R., Piotto, F. A., Bonatelli, M.L., Settles, M. L., Azevedo, J. L., Quecine, M. C. (2021). The auxin-producing Bacillus thuringiensis RZ2MS9 promotes the growth and modifies the root architecture of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). Archives of Microbiology, 203(7), 3869-3882.
Cedeño-García, G. A., Gerding, M., Moraga, G., Inostroza, L., Fischer, S., Sepúlveda-Caamaño, M., & Oyarzúa, P. (2018). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with ACC deaminase activity isolated from Mediterranean dryland areas in Chile: Effects on early nodulation in alfalfa. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 78(3), 360-369.
Cochard, B., Giroud, B., Crovadore, J., Chablais, R., Arminjon, L., Lefort, F. (2022). Endophytic PGPR from tomato roots: isolation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation of treated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Microorganisms, 10(4), 765.
Compant, S., Samad, A., Faist, H., & Sessitsch, A. (2019). A review on the plant microbiome: ecology, functions, and emerging trends in microbial application. Journal of Advanced Research, 19, 29-37.
Çakmakçı, R., Haliloglu, K., Türkoğlu, A., Özkan, G., Kutlu, M., Varmazyari, A., Bocianowski, J. (2023). Effect of different Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on biological soil properties, growth, yield and quality of oregano (Origanum onites L.). Agronomy, 13(10), 2511.
Çelikten, M., Bozkurt, İ.A. (2018). Determination of efficacies of bacteria ısolated from wheat rhizospheres on plant growth. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Mustafa Kemal University, 23(1), 33-48.
Delfim, J., Schoebitz, M., Paulino, L., Hirzel, J., Zagal, E. (2018). Phosphorus availability in wheat, in volcanic soils inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus thuringiensis. Sustainability, 10(1), 144.
Djuuna, I. A. F., Prabawardani, S., & Massora, M. (2022). Population distribution of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in agricultural soil. Microbes and Environments, 37(1), 21041.
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Tıbbi Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) Rizosferinden İndol-3-Asetik Asit (IAA) Üreten ve İnorganik Fosfatı Çözen Bacillus Türlerinin İzolasyonu ve Karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 716 - 726, 23.07.2025

Murat Güler

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1620479

Öz

İndol-3-asetik asit (IAA) üretimi, bitki büyümesini teşvik eden bakterilerin (PGPR) temel bir özelliğidir. Rizosferde bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakteri (PGPR) tarafından sentezlenen bu hormon, bitki hücrelerinin bölünmesinden, uzamasından ve farklılaşmasından sorumludur ve bitkilerde çeşitli fizyolojik mekanizmalarda önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışmada, tıbbi adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) rizosferinden 21 bakteri izolatı elde edilmiştir. Bu izolatlardan 9 tanesinin morfolojik, biyokimyasal testler ve MALDI TOF MS yöntemi ile Bacillus sp. olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dokuz izolat arasından beş tanesinin (BCM-3, BTM-1, BN-5, BCM-4 ve BGM-13) inorganik fosfat çözdüğü, 6 tanesinin (BCM-3, BCM-4, BSM-1, BSM-2, BTM-1 ve BN-5) farklı oranlarda IAA ürettiği belirlenmiştir. IAA üretimi, % 0,2 L-triptofan eklenmiş nutrient broth (NB) ortamında farklı inkübasyon sürelerinde gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuçlar, Bacillus cereus BCM-3 ve BCM-4'ün maksimum IAA üretiminin 3 günlük inkübasyon süresinde gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymuştur. En iyi IAA üretimi, 3 günlük inkübasyon süresinde B. cereus BCM-3'ten (129.8 µg ml⁻¹) elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, B. cereus BCM-3 ve BCM-4 izolatlarının test edilen tüm Basillus izolatları arasında en iyi inorganik fosfat çözme performansını sergilemiştir. Bulgularımız, tıbbi adaçayı topraklarından izole edilen BCM-3 ve BCM-4 izolatlarının yüksek IAA üretimi ve inorganik fosfat çözme yetenekleri nedeniyle mikrobiyal gübre uygulamaları için önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, Salvia officinalis (adaçayı) rizosferindeki yerel bakteriyel topluluğu karakterize etmeyi, IAA üretme ve inorganik fosfat çözme yetenekleri ile mikrobiyal gübre potansiyellerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tıbbi adaçayı, Bacillus spp., PGPR, mikrobiyal gübre

Kaynakça

Abbas, Z. R., Al-Ezee, A. M. M., Authman, S. H. (2019). Siderophore production and phosphate solubilization by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from Iraqi soils and soil characterization. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, 10(01), 74-79.
Abdullahi, S., Muhammed, Y. G., Muhammad, A., Ahmed, J. M., & Shehu, D. (2022). Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. for plant growth promoting properties. Acta Biologica Marisiensis, 5(2), 47-58.
Akçura, S., & Çakmakçı, R. (2023). The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on some plant traits in black cumin (Nigella damascena L.). ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(3), 472-488.
Alemneh, A.A., Cawthray, G.R., Zhou, Y., Ryder, M.H., Denton, M.D. (2021). Ability to produce indole acetic acid is associated with improved phosphate solubilising activity of rhizobacteria. Archives of Microbiology, 203, 3825-3837.
Ali, N., Swarnkar, M. K., Veer, R., Kaushal, P., Pati, A.M. (2023). Temperature-induced modulation of stress-tolerant PGP genes bioprospected from Bacillus sp. IHBT-705 associated with saffron (Crocus sativus) rhizosphere: A natural-treasure trove of microbial biostimulants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1141538.
AL Kahtani, M.D., Fouda, A., Attia, K.A., Al-Otaibi, F., Eid, A. M., Ewais, E.E.D., Abdelaal, K.A. (2020). Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria from desert plants and their application as bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. Agronomy, 10(9), 1325.
Anbi, A. A., Mirshekari, B., Eivazi, A., Yarnia, M., & Behrouzyar, E. K. (2020). PGPRs affected photosynthetic capacity and nutrient uptake in different Salvia species. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(1), 108-121.
Arif, M. S., Muhammad, R.I. A. Z., Shahzad, S. M., Yasmeen, T., Shafaqat, A.L.I., Akhtar, M.J. (2017). Phosphorus-mobilizing rhizobacterial strain Bacillus cereus GS6 improves symbiotic efficiency of soybean on an Aridisol amended with phosphorus-enriched compost. Pedosphere, 27(6), 1049-1061.
Batista, B. D., Dourado, M. N., Figueredo, E. F., Hortencio, R. O., Marques, J. P. R., Piotto, F. A., Bonatelli, M.L., Settles, M. L., Azevedo, J. L., Quecine, M. C. (2021). The auxin-producing Bacillus thuringiensis RZ2MS9 promotes the growth and modifies the root architecture of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). Archives of Microbiology, 203(7), 3869-3882.
Cedeño-García, G. A., Gerding, M., Moraga, G., Inostroza, L., Fischer, S., Sepúlveda-Caamaño, M., & Oyarzúa, P. (2018). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with ACC deaminase activity isolated from Mediterranean dryland areas in Chile: Effects on early nodulation in alfalfa. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 78(3), 360-369.
Cochard, B., Giroud, B., Crovadore, J., Chablais, R., Arminjon, L., Lefort, F. (2022). Endophytic PGPR from tomato roots: isolation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation of treated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Microorganisms, 10(4), 765.
Compant, S., Samad, A., Faist, H., & Sessitsch, A. (2019). A review on the plant microbiome: ecology, functions, and emerging trends in microbial application. Journal of Advanced Research, 19, 29-37.
Çakmakçı, R., Haliloglu, K., Türkoğlu, A., Özkan, G., Kutlu, M., Varmazyari, A., Bocianowski, J. (2023). Effect of different Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on biological soil properties, growth, yield and quality of oregano (Origanum onites L.). Agronomy, 13(10), 2511.
Çelikten, M., Bozkurt, İ.A. (2018). Determination of efficacies of bacteria ısolated from wheat rhizospheres on plant growth. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Mustafa Kemal University, 23(1), 33-48.
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Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler, Toprak Bilimleri ve Bitki Besleme (Diğer)
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Murat Güler 0000-0002-3074-6458
Yayımlanma Tarihi	23 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi	15 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi	6 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Güler, M. (2025). Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus spp. Producing Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and Solubilizing Inorganic Phosphate from the Rhizosphere of Medicinal Sage (Salvia officinalis). Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 12(3), 716-726. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1620479

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