Molecular Insight on Phylogeny and Systematics of the Narrowly Endemic Centaurea bingoelensis (Asteraceae)
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 543 - 551, 23.07.2025
Ferit Can Yazdıç
,
Neslihan Taşar
,
Mikail Açar
,
İbrahim Seyfettin Çelik
,
Uğur Çakılcıoğlu
Öz
Centaurea L. is a genus that is systematically discussed and whose taxonomic issues need to be clarified in the light of molecular techniques developed in recent years. This study aims to contribute taxonomically in molecular terms by studying the morphological and phylogenetic relationships of Centaurea bingoelensis. This limited, endemic species grows naturally in the Bingöl province of Türkiye. A phylogenetic analysis based on the molecular marker ITS, which is the most preferred in evolutionary studies and found in nuclear DNA, has been proposed as a molecular marker of C. bingoelensis , an endemic plant in Türkiye, and has not yet been molecularly identified. For this purpose, PCR amplification of the fragment mentioned above was performed, followed by direct sequencing, analysis of nucleotide variation, and phylogenetic analysis with different species. The Centaurea species identified so far have been shown to have three main distinct major clades and the specific phylogenetic methods used (NJ, ML, MP) and the ITS nucleotide sequences analyzed revealed a close phylogenetic relationship between C. bingoelensis and C. spectabilis. For a more accurate phylogenetic classification of this species within the Asteraceae family, their close relationships were probed using similar sequences from the GenBank Database. Phylogenetic analysis of C. bingoelensis specimens using ITS sequences reveals their position in the Asteraceae family and molecular support for these specimens being new species as proposed. Although morphologically similar to C. fenzlii and C. obtusifolia, the remarkable point of our study is that C. bingoelensis is phylogenetically closer to C. spectabilis. This work has exciting implications for understanding the evolution and diversification of the genus Centaurea. In addition, the results of this study show that the samples identified as Centaurea species in Türkiye are still not entirely determined genetically.
Teşekkür
We thank Dr. M. Maruf Balos for providing photos of the plant's natural habitat
Kaynakça
- Atia, M. A. M., El-Moneim, D. A., Abdelmoneim, T. K., Reda, E. H., Shakour, Z. T. A., El-Halawany, A. M., ... & Hegazy, M. E. F. (2021). Evaluation of genetic variability and relatedness among eight Centaurea species through CAAT-box derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) markers. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 35(1), 1230-1237.
- Babbel, G. R. & Selander, R. K. (1974). Genetic variability in edaphically restricted and widespread plant species. Evolution 28, 619–630.
- Baumsteiger, J., Moyle, P.B., Aguilar, A., O'Rourke, S.M., Miller, M.R. (2017). Genomics clarifies taxonomic boundaries in a difficult species complex. PloS One 12(12), e0189417.
- Behçet, L., Ilcim, A., & Yapar, Y. (2017). Centaurea bingoelensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 41(2), 180-188.
- Dogan, B., Duran, A., Çetin, Ö., et al. (2015). Study of phylogenetic relationship of Turkish species of Klasea (Asteraceae) based on ISSR amplification. PhytoKeys 56, 29–40.
- Frankham, R. (2005). Genetics and extinction. Biological Conservation 126 (2), 131–140.
- Felsenstein, J. (2004). PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.6. Distributed by the author. http://www. evolution. gs. washington. edu/phylip. html.
- Garcia-Jacas, N., Uysal, T., Romaschenko, K., Súarez-Santiago, V.N., Ertugrul, K., Susanna, A. (2006). Centaurea revisited: a molecular survey of the Jacea group. Annals of Botany 98, 741–753. DOI:10.1093/aob/mcl157
- Garcia-Jacas, N., Soltis, P. S., Font, M., Soltis, D. E., Vilatersana, R., & Susanna, A. (2009). The polyploid series of Centaurea toletana: Glacial migrations and introgression revealed by nrDNA and cpDNA sequence analyzes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52(2), 377-394.
- Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (eds.) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) [ List of Plants of Turkey (Vascular Plants)]. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul.
- Hall, T.A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41, 95–98
- Hilpold, A., Vilatersana, R., Susanna, A., Meseguer, A. S., Boršić, I., Constantinidis, T., ... & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2014). Phylogeny of the Centaurea group (Centaurea, Compositae)–geography is a better predictor than morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 77, 195-215.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547.
- Letunic, I, Bork, P. (2016). Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v3: an online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. Nucleic Acids Res Spec Publ. 44, 242-245.
- López-Pujol, J., López-Vinyallonga, S., Susanna, A., et al. (2016). Speciation and genetic diversity in Centaurea subsect. Scientific Reports 6(1), 37814–37818.
- López-Pujol, J., López-Vinyallonga, S., Susanna, A., Ertuğrul, K., Uysal, T., Tugay, O., ... & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2016). Speciation and genetic diversity in Centaurea subsect. Phalolepis in Anatolia. Scientific Reports 6(1), 1-14.
- Médail, F., & Diadema, K. (2009). Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the Mediterranean Basin. Journal of Biogeography 36(7), 1333-1345.
- Nybom, H. (2004). Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intraspecific genetic diversity in plants. Molecular Ecology 13(5), 1143-1155.
- Özbek, M. U. (2021). Centaurea kirikkalensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany, 39(7).
- White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. J. W. T., & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications, 18(1), 315-322.
- Saitou, N., & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4(4), 406-425.
- Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Milligan, B.G. (1992). Intra specific chloroplast DNA variation: systematics and phylogenetic implications. In: Soltis P.S., Soltis D.E. (eds.) Molecular Plant Systematics, Chapman and Hall. New York. 117–150.
- Stanford, A. M., Harden, R., & Parks, C. R. (2000). Phylogeny and biogeography of Juglans (Juglandaceae) based on matK and ITS sequence data. American Journal of Botany, 87(6), 872-882.
- Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22(22), 4673-4680.
- Uysal, A., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Picot-Allain, C., Jekő, J., Cziáky, Z., ... & Custodio, L. (2021). A comparative study on biological properties and chemical profiles of different solvent extracts from Centaurea bingoelensis, an endemic plant of Turkey. Process Biochemistry 102, 315-324.
- Uysal, T. (2012). Centaurea L. In Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı bitkiler) [A check list of the flora of Turkey (Vascular plants)] (eds. Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M. T.) 127–140 (Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 2012) (in Turkish).
- Wagner, C.E., Keller, I., Wittwer, S., Selz, O.M,, Mwaiko, S., Greuter, L., Sivasundar, A., Seehausen, O. (2013). Genome‐wide RAD sequence data provide unprecedented resolution of species boundaries and relationships in the Lake Victoria cichlid adaptive radiation. Molecular Ecology 22(3), 787-798.
- Yildirim, N., Sunar, S., Agar, G., et al. (2009). Biochemical and molecular characterization of some Centaurea species growing in the Eastern anatolia region of Turkey. Biochemical Genetics 47(11–12), 850–859.
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 543 - 551, 23.07.2025
Ferit Can Yazdıç
,
Neslihan Taşar
,
Mikail Açar
,
İbrahim Seyfettin Çelik
,
Uğur Çakılcıoğlu
Kaynakça
- Atia, M. A. M., El-Moneim, D. A., Abdelmoneim, T. K., Reda, E. H., Shakour, Z. T. A., El-Halawany, A. M., ... & Hegazy, M. E. F. (2021). Evaluation of genetic variability and relatedness among eight Centaurea species through CAAT-box derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) markers. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 35(1), 1230-1237.
- Babbel, G. R. & Selander, R. K. (1974). Genetic variability in edaphically restricted and widespread plant species. Evolution 28, 619–630.
- Baumsteiger, J., Moyle, P.B., Aguilar, A., O'Rourke, S.M., Miller, M.R. (2017). Genomics clarifies taxonomic boundaries in a difficult species complex. PloS One 12(12), e0189417.
- Behçet, L., Ilcim, A., & Yapar, Y. (2017). Centaurea bingoelensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 41(2), 180-188.
- Dogan, B., Duran, A., Çetin, Ö., et al. (2015). Study of phylogenetic relationship of Turkish species of Klasea (Asteraceae) based on ISSR amplification. PhytoKeys 56, 29–40.
- Frankham, R. (2005). Genetics and extinction. Biological Conservation 126 (2), 131–140.
- Felsenstein, J. (2004). PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.6. Distributed by the author. http://www. evolution. gs. washington. edu/phylip. html.
- Garcia-Jacas, N., Uysal, T., Romaschenko, K., Súarez-Santiago, V.N., Ertugrul, K., Susanna, A. (2006). Centaurea revisited: a molecular survey of the Jacea group. Annals of Botany 98, 741–753. DOI:10.1093/aob/mcl157
- Garcia-Jacas, N., Soltis, P. S., Font, M., Soltis, D. E., Vilatersana, R., & Susanna, A. (2009). The polyploid series of Centaurea toletana: Glacial migrations and introgression revealed by nrDNA and cpDNA sequence analyzes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52(2), 377-394.
- Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (eds.) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) [ List of Plants of Turkey (Vascular Plants)]. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul.
- Hall, T.A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41, 95–98
- Hilpold, A., Vilatersana, R., Susanna, A., Meseguer, A. S., Boršić, I., Constantinidis, T., ... & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2014). Phylogeny of the Centaurea group (Centaurea, Compositae)–geography is a better predictor than morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 77, 195-215.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547.
- Letunic, I, Bork, P. (2016). Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v3: an online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. Nucleic Acids Res Spec Publ. 44, 242-245.
- López-Pujol, J., López-Vinyallonga, S., Susanna, A., et al. (2016). Speciation and genetic diversity in Centaurea subsect. Scientific Reports 6(1), 37814–37818.
- López-Pujol, J., López-Vinyallonga, S., Susanna, A., Ertuğrul, K., Uysal, T., Tugay, O., ... & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2016). Speciation and genetic diversity in Centaurea subsect. Phalolepis in Anatolia. Scientific Reports 6(1), 1-14.
- Médail, F., & Diadema, K. (2009). Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the Mediterranean Basin. Journal of Biogeography 36(7), 1333-1345.
- Nybom, H. (2004). Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intraspecific genetic diversity in plants. Molecular Ecology 13(5), 1143-1155.
- Özbek, M. U. (2021). Centaurea kirikkalensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany, 39(7).
- White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. J. W. T., & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications, 18(1), 315-322.
- Saitou, N., & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4(4), 406-425.
- Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Milligan, B.G. (1992). Intra specific chloroplast DNA variation: systematics and phylogenetic implications. In: Soltis P.S., Soltis D.E. (eds.) Molecular Plant Systematics, Chapman and Hall. New York. 117–150.
- Stanford, A. M., Harden, R., & Parks, C. R. (2000). Phylogeny and biogeography of Juglans (Juglandaceae) based on matK and ITS sequence data. American Journal of Botany, 87(6), 872-882.
- Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22(22), 4673-4680.
- Uysal, A., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Picot-Allain, C., Jekő, J., Cziáky, Z., ... & Custodio, L. (2021). A comparative study on biological properties and chemical profiles of different solvent extracts from Centaurea bingoelensis, an endemic plant of Turkey. Process Biochemistry 102, 315-324.
- Uysal, T. (2012). Centaurea L. In Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı bitkiler) [A check list of the flora of Turkey (Vascular plants)] (eds. Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M. T.) 127–140 (Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 2012) (in Turkish).
- Wagner, C.E., Keller, I., Wittwer, S., Selz, O.M,, Mwaiko, S., Greuter, L., Sivasundar, A., Seehausen, O. (2013). Genome‐wide RAD sequence data provide unprecedented resolution of species boundaries and relationships in the Lake Victoria cichlid adaptive radiation. Molecular Ecology 22(3), 787-798.
- Yildirim, N., Sunar, S., Agar, G., et al. (2009). Biochemical and molecular characterization of some Centaurea species growing in the Eastern anatolia region of Turkey. Biochemical Genetics 47(11–12), 850–859.