Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye Depreminin Kadınlar Üzerindeki Yansımaları : Yaşanan Sorunların Metaforik Bir Bakış Açısıyla İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, , 33 - 50, 23.07.2025

Yurdagül Günaydın , Esma Kır

https://doi.org/10.71445/umbd.1684390

Öz

Bu araştırma, 6 Şubat 2023’te Türkiye’de meydana gelen depremi deneyimlemiş kadınların depreme ilişkin metaforik algılarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, depremden etkilenen 111 kadın oluşturmuştur. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan fenomenolojik desen kullanılarak yürütülmüş olup, veriler katılımcıların “Deprem şuna benzer... Çünkü...” ifadesine verdikleri yanıtlar aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi birlikte kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, katılımcıların “deprem” kavramına ilişkin 129 farklı metafor ürettikleri saptanmıştır. Bu metaforlar, ortak özellikleri ve kullanım gerekçelerine göre “Deprem”, “Depremde Kadın Olma” ve “Depremde Yaşanan Zorluklar” olmak üzere üç kategoride sınıflandırılmıştır. Katılımcılar arasında en sık kullanılan metaforların kıyamet (f=25), çaresizlik (f=22), son (f=9), canavar (f=9), korku (f=8) ve sokakta kalan insan (f=7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kadınlara deprem sonrası baş etme becerilerinin kazandırılmasının, duygularını ifade edebilecekleri alanlar sağlanmasının ve duygusal destek sunulmasının önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Deprem Kadın Metafor Nitel Araştırma

Kaynakça

  • Abolhadi, E., Divsalar, P., Mosleh-Shirazi, M. A., & Dehesh, T. (2022). Latent classes of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Bam Earthquake after 17 years. BMC Psychiatry, 22, 603. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04165-0
  • Akbal, A., & Taşbaş, S. (2024). Being a woman in the earthquake: The case of Osmaniye Düziçi tent city. Urban Academy, 17(2), 651–666.
  • Amanda, A. R., Hidajah, A. C., & Wahyuni, C. U. (2021). The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on women after the earthquake in Central Sulawesi. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 9(3), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v9i32021.303-309
  • Annells, M. (2006). Triangulation of qualitative approaches: Hermeneutical phenomenology and grounded theory. Leading Global Nursing Research, 56(1), 55–61.
  • Ayata, G., Kapdan, Ö., Ozan, Ö., Gürbüz, N., & Onuk, B. (2023). Deprem bölgesinde kadın olmak. Reflektif Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 403–417.
  • Aydın, G. C., & Aytaç, S. (2023). The psycho-social effect of the earthquake on women in the earthquake, one of the disadvantaged groups: A qualitative research. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 10(3), 2195–2218.
  • Bayhan, V., & Yasuntimur, A. (2024). "Earthquake is like experiencing doomsday": A study on the experiences of the victims of the February 6, 2023 earthquake (the case of Malatya). Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of Social Sciences, 14(3), 1416–1437.
  • Bektaş, O. (2021). Nitel veri analizi. In M. Çelebi (Ed.), Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (s. 178–193). Pegem Akademi.
  • Boydak Özan, M., & Demir, C. (2011). The perceptions of students and teachers related to school culture metaphor according to different high schools. Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 21(2), 106–126.
  • Connelly, L. M. (2016). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing, 25(6), 435–437.
  • Çelik, N., Efşan, E., Uğur, Ö., & Aksoy, M. (2024). Assessment in the context of climate migration: Hurricane Katrina. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(27).
  • Demir, A., & İnce, C. (2021). COVID-19 ve bir huzurevi özelinde yaşlılar için afetler karşısında, sosyal hizmetlerin bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi. In Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmet Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar (s. 69–113). İstanbul: Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Demirci, K., & Avcu, T. (2021). Problems experienced by women individuals in disaster processes and solution suggestions: Case of İzmir. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 11(1), 86.
  • Doğan, S. D., Tosunöz, İ. K., Kaya, P., Yurtseven, Ş., & Aydinli, A. (2024). Being a nurse in Turkey's disaster: A phenomenological study on post-earthquake experiences. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 103, 104346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104346
  • Dudaklı, G. A., & Yüksek, K. (2024). Earthquake and gender-based vulnerability: Women's multiple earthquake experiences, Hatay, 2023. Socrates Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 10(42), 112–133.
  • Eroğlu, S., & Nacaroğlu, O. (2023). Nitel araştırmada geçerlik ve güvenirlik. In O. Bektaş & T. G. Şahin (Eds.), Nitel araştırma süreci ve uygulamaları (s.311-319). Asos Yayınevi.
  • Fisher, S. (2010). Violence against women and natural disasters: Findings from post-tsunami Sri Lanka. Violence Against Women, 16(8), 902–918.
  • Gökçe, İ., & Öter, E. G. (2023, Şubat 18–21). Entegre afet yönetim sistemi içerisinde afetlerde cinsel ve üreme sağlığı hizmetleri. In 1. Uluslararası Akademik Araştırma Sınırları Konferansı (s. 523–529). Konya, Türkiye.
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 30(4), 233–252.
  • Gündüz, F. (2022). Kadın ve cinsiyet perspektifinden afetlerden öğrenilecek dersler (Haiti ve Japonya depremi örneği). IBAD Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 440.
  • Hawkins, G., Gullam, J., & Belluscio, L. (2019). The effect of a major earthquake experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 59, 82–88.
  • Houser, J. (2015). Nursing research: Reading, using, and creating evidence (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Ikeda, K. (1995). Gender differences in human loss and vulnerability in natural disasters: A case study from Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 2(2), 171–193.
  • Inoue, Y., Ohno, Y., Sobue, T., Fujimaki, T., Zha, L., Nomura, Y., et al. (2022). Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on spontaneous abortion and induced abortion: A population-based study in Fukushima. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2022.2093172
  • Kyngäs, H., Mikkonen, K., & Kääriäinen, M. (2019). The application of content analysis in nursing science research. Springer Nature.
  • Kyozuka, H., Murata, T., Yasuda, S., Ishii, K., Fujimori, K., Goto, A., et al. (2022). The effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake on perinatal outcomes: Results of the Pregnancy and Birth Survey in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Journal of Epidemiology, 32(12), S57–S63.
  • Lo, A. H., Su, C., & Chou, F. H. C. (2012). Disaster psychiatry in Taiwan: A comprehensive review. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, 4(2), 77–85.
  • Maher, M. J. (2019). Emergency preparedness in obstetrics: Meeting unexpected key challenges. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 33(3), 238–245.
  • Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (4th ed.). SAGE.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Qu, Z., Tian, D., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., He, H., Zhang, X., et al. (2012). The impact of the catastrophic earthquake in China's Sichuan province on the mental health of pregnant women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 117–123.
  • Sohrabizadeh, S., Tourani, S., & Khankeh, H. R. (2016). Women and health consequences of natural disasters: Challenge or opportunity. Women & Health, 56, 977–993.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Strid, P., Snead, M. C., Galang, R. R., Bish, C. L., & Ellington, S. R. (2022). Fertility and contraception among women of reproductive age following a disaster: A scoping review. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01451-6
  • Şeker, B. D., & Akman, E. (2014). Van depreminden sonra duygusal, bilişsel ve davranışsal tepkiler: Bir polis örneği üzerinde bir çalışma. Uludağ Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(27), 215–231.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. (2014). Afet yönetimi terimleri sözlüğü [İnternet]. https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu
  • Ural, A., Yalçın, E., Aydın, E. İ., & Akarsu, R. H. (2024). Women's experiences in the aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye: A phenomenological study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 110, 104617.
  • Watanabe, Z., Iwama, N., Nishigori, H., Nishigori, T., Mizuno, S., Sakurai, K., et al. (2016). Psychological distress during pregnancy in Miyagi after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 341–348.
  • Yakıt Ak, E., & Uyurdağ, N. (2024). The gender dimension of disaster: A case study of women who experienced the earthquake in the city of Diyarbakır, Turkey. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 7(1), 142–160.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (9. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, C. D., & Öztürk, E. D. (2023). Metaphorical perceptions of university students regarding earthquakes. University Research Journal, 6(3), 308–316.

Reflections of the Turkish Earthquake on Women: Exploring the Problems Experienced from a Metaphorical Perspective

Yıl 2025, , 33 - 50, 23.07.2025

Yurdagül Günaydın , Esma Kır

https://doi.org/10.71445/umbd.1684390

Öz

This study aimed to examine the metaphor perceptions of women who experienced an earthquake that occurred in Turkey on 6 February 2023. The sample consisted of 111 women who were affected by the earthquake. This research was conducted using a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, and the data were collected through the participants’ responses to the statement ‘Earthquake is like... Because...’. Descriptive analysis and content analysis were employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that the participants generated 129 different metaphors related to the concept of ‘earthquake’. These metaphors were classified into three categories based on their common features and reasons for use: ‘earthquake’, ‘being a woman in an earthquake’, and ‘difficulties experienced in an earthquake’. The most frequently used metaphors among the participants included apocalypse (f 25), helplessness (f 22), the end (f 9), monster (f 9) fear (f 8) and people left on the street (f 7). The findings reveal the importance of equipping women with coping skills after an earthquake, providing them with spaces to express their emotions, and offering emotional support.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Earthquake Metaphorical Women Qualitative research

Kaynakça

  • Abolhadi, E., Divsalar, P., Mosleh-Shirazi, M. A., & Dehesh, T. (2022). Latent classes of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Bam Earthquake after 17 years. BMC Psychiatry, 22, 603. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04165-0
  • Akbal, A., & Taşbaş, S. (2024). Being a woman in the earthquake: The case of Osmaniye Düziçi tent city. Urban Academy, 17(2), 651–666.
  • Amanda, A. R., Hidajah, A. C., & Wahyuni, C. U. (2021). The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on women after the earthquake in Central Sulawesi. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 9(3), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v9i32021.303-309
  • Annells, M. (2006). Triangulation of qualitative approaches: Hermeneutical phenomenology and grounded theory. Leading Global Nursing Research, 56(1), 55–61.
  • Ayata, G., Kapdan, Ö., Ozan, Ö., Gürbüz, N., & Onuk, B. (2023). Deprem bölgesinde kadın olmak. Reflektif Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 403–417.
  • Aydın, G. C., & Aytaç, S. (2023). The psycho-social effect of the earthquake on women in the earthquake, one of the disadvantaged groups: A qualitative research. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 10(3), 2195–2218.
  • Bayhan, V., & Yasuntimur, A. (2024). "Earthquake is like experiencing doomsday": A study on the experiences of the victims of the February 6, 2023 earthquake (the case of Malatya). Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of Social Sciences, 14(3), 1416–1437.
  • Bektaş, O. (2021). Nitel veri analizi. In M. Çelebi (Ed.), Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (s. 178–193). Pegem Akademi.
  • Boydak Özan, M., & Demir, C. (2011). The perceptions of students and teachers related to school culture metaphor according to different high schools. Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 21(2), 106–126.
  • Connelly, L. M. (2016). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing, 25(6), 435–437.
  • Çelik, N., Efşan, E., Uğur, Ö., & Aksoy, M. (2024). Assessment in the context of climate migration: Hurricane Katrina. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(27).
  • Demir, A., & İnce, C. (2021). COVID-19 ve bir huzurevi özelinde yaşlılar için afetler karşısında, sosyal hizmetlerin bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi. In Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmet Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar (s. 69–113). İstanbul: Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Demirci, K., & Avcu, T. (2021). Problems experienced by women individuals in disaster processes and solution suggestions: Case of İzmir. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 11(1), 86.
  • Doğan, S. D., Tosunöz, İ. K., Kaya, P., Yurtseven, Ş., & Aydinli, A. (2024). Being a nurse in Turkey's disaster: A phenomenological study on post-earthquake experiences. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 103, 104346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104346
  • Dudaklı, G. A., & Yüksek, K. (2024). Earthquake and gender-based vulnerability: Women's multiple earthquake experiences, Hatay, 2023. Socrates Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 10(42), 112–133.
  • Eroğlu, S., & Nacaroğlu, O. (2023). Nitel araştırmada geçerlik ve güvenirlik. In O. Bektaş & T. G. Şahin (Eds.), Nitel araştırma süreci ve uygulamaları (s.311-319). Asos Yayınevi.
  • Fisher, S. (2010). Violence against women and natural disasters: Findings from post-tsunami Sri Lanka. Violence Against Women, 16(8), 902–918.
  • Gökçe, İ., & Öter, E. G. (2023, Şubat 18–21). Entegre afet yönetim sistemi içerisinde afetlerde cinsel ve üreme sağlığı hizmetleri. In 1. Uluslararası Akademik Araştırma Sınırları Konferansı (s. 523–529). Konya, Türkiye.
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 30(4), 233–252.
  • Gündüz, F. (2022). Kadın ve cinsiyet perspektifinden afetlerden öğrenilecek dersler (Haiti ve Japonya depremi örneği). IBAD Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 440.
  • Hawkins, G., Gullam, J., & Belluscio, L. (2019). The effect of a major earthquake experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 59, 82–88.
  • Houser, J. (2015). Nursing research: Reading, using, and creating evidence (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Ikeda, K. (1995). Gender differences in human loss and vulnerability in natural disasters: A case study from Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 2(2), 171–193.
  • Inoue, Y., Ohno, Y., Sobue, T., Fujimaki, T., Zha, L., Nomura, Y., et al. (2022). Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on spontaneous abortion and induced abortion: A population-based study in Fukushima. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2022.2093172
  • Kyngäs, H., Mikkonen, K., & Kääriäinen, M. (2019). The application of content analysis in nursing science research. Springer Nature.
  • Kyozuka, H., Murata, T., Yasuda, S., Ishii, K., Fujimori, K., Goto, A., et al. (2022). The effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake on perinatal outcomes: Results of the Pregnancy and Birth Survey in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Journal of Epidemiology, 32(12), S57–S63.
  • Lo, A. H., Su, C., & Chou, F. H. C. (2012). Disaster psychiatry in Taiwan: A comprehensive review. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, 4(2), 77–85.
  • Maher, M. J. (2019). Emergency preparedness in obstetrics: Meeting unexpected key challenges. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 33(3), 238–245.
  • Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (4th ed.). SAGE.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Qu, Z., Tian, D., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., He, H., Zhang, X., et al. (2012). The impact of the catastrophic earthquake in China's Sichuan province on the mental health of pregnant women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 117–123.
  • Sohrabizadeh, S., Tourani, S., & Khankeh, H. R. (2016). Women and health consequences of natural disasters: Challenge or opportunity. Women & Health, 56, 977–993.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Strid, P., Snead, M. C., Galang, R. R., Bish, C. L., & Ellington, S. R. (2022). Fertility and contraception among women of reproductive age following a disaster: A scoping review. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01451-6
  • Şeker, B. D., & Akman, E. (2014). Van depreminden sonra duygusal, bilişsel ve davranışsal tepkiler: Bir polis örneği üzerinde bir çalışma. Uludağ Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(27), 215–231.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. (2014). Afet yönetimi terimleri sözlüğü [İnternet]. https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu
  • Ural, A., Yalçın, E., Aydın, E. İ., & Akarsu, R. H. (2024). Women's experiences in the aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye: A phenomenological study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 110, 104617.
  • Watanabe, Z., Iwama, N., Nishigori, H., Nishigori, T., Mizuno, S., Sakurai, K., et al. (2016). Psychological distress during pregnancy in Miyagi after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 341–348.
  • Yakıt Ak, E., & Uyurdağ, N. (2024). The gender dimension of disaster: A case study of women who experienced the earthquake in the city of Diyarbakır, Turkey. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 7(1), 142–160.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (9. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, C. D., & Öztürk, E. D. (2023). Metaphorical perceptions of university students regarding earthquakes. University Research Journal, 6(3), 308–316.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yurdagül Günaydın 0000-0002-7914-8328

Esma Kır 0009-0005-0125-2626

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Günaydın, Y., & Kır, E. (2025). Reflections of the Turkish Earthquake on Women: Exploring the Problems Experienced from a Metaphorical Perspective. Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 33-50. https://doi.org/10.71445/umbd.1684390
Creative Commons Lisansı
Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.