Araştırma Makalesi
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Chronic After Colorectal Surgery Determination of Pain Incidence and Risk Factors

Yıl 2025, , 23 - 32, 23.07.2025

Rukiye Yaman , Sevilay Erden

https://doi.org/10.71445/umbd.1688145

Öz

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the incidence of chronic pain after colorectal surgery and its risk factors. Data were collected using the “Patient Identification Form,” “Numerical Pain Scale,” and “Short Pain Inventory.” Data were collected before surgery, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. The highest average pain level was 4.02±1.63 during movement in the first 24 hours, and 27% of patients developed chronic postoperative pain 3 months after surgery. In the 3-month postoperative assessment, significant differences were found in the mean severe pain score (t=-2.552, p=0.050) in patients without surgical experience and in both severe and mild pain scores (t=-4.047, p=0.050; t=-3.199, p=0.004) in patients who received general anesthesia. Approximately one-third of patients undergoing colorectal surgery experience chronic pain postoperatively, and the risk of developing chronic pain is higher in patients undergoing surgery for the first time and those receiving general anesthesia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chronic Postsurgical Pain Pain Assessment Colorectal Surgery Risk Factors Nursing

Proje Numarası

TYL-2022-14476

Kaynakça

  • Alharbi, R. A., Elfeki, H., Emmertsen, K. J., Mortensen, A. R., Drewes, A. M., Christensen, P., Laurberg, S., & Juul, T. (2023). Chronic pain after colon cancer surgery: Translation and validation of a scoring system. Colorectal Disease, 25(2), 202–210. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.16339
  • Aliyev, D., Karadağ Erkoç, S., Çakar Turhan, K. S., & Ökten, F. F. (2021). Abdominal cerrahi sonrası kronik ağrı sendromlu hastaların retrospektif değerlendirilmesi: 3 yıllık deneyimimiz. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Anesthesiology Reanimation, 19(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.5336/anesthe.2021-82607
  • Benlolo, S., Hanlon, J. G., Shirreff, L., Lefebvre, G., Husslein, H., & Shore, E. M. (2021). Predictors of persistent postsurgical pain after hysterectomy—A prospective cohort study. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 28(12), 2036–2046.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2021.05.017
  • Cleeland, C. S., & Ryan, K. M. (1994). Pain assessment: Global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 23(2), 129–138.
  • Dağıstanlı, S., Kalaycı, M. U., & Kara, Y. (2018). Evaluation of ERAS protocol in general surgery. Comprehensive Medicine, 10(Supp. 1), 9–20.
  • Dreyer, N. E., Cutshall, S. M., Huebner, M., Foss, D. M., Lovely, J. K., Bauer, B. A., & Cima, R. R. (2015). Effect of massage therapy on pain, anxiety, relaxation, and tension after colorectal surgery: A randomized study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21(3), 154–159.
  • Erden, S., Güler, S., Tura, İ., Başibüyük, İ. F., & Arslan, U. E. (2023). Evaluating patient outcomes in postoperative pain management according to the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R). Applied Nursing Research, 73, 151734.
  • Erden, S., Yikar, S. K., Doğan, S. D., Lucero, R. J., Yıldız, K. S., Gezer, S., ... & Wilkie, D. J. (2023b). Validation of the tablet-based Turkish-PAINReportIt® for lung cancer patients after thoracotomy in Turkey. Applied Nursing Research, 70, 151673.
  • Erden, S., & Tura, İ., Akut ağrı kontrolünde kanıta dayalı uygulamalar. in: Ağrı ve Kontrolü, Sevilay ERDEN, Editor, Akademisyen Kitabevi, Ankara, pp.217-233, 2021
  • Feddern, M. L., Jensen, T. S., & Laurberg, S. (2015). Chronic pain in the pelvic area or lower extremities after rectal cancer treatment and its impact on quality of life: A population-based cross-sectional study. Pain, 156(9), 1765–1771. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000237
  • Gölen, M. K., & Okuyan, D. Y. (2022). Kronik migren tedavisinde medikal profilaktik tedavi alan ve almayan hastalarda büyük oksipital sinir blokajı etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması. Turkish Journal of Neurology, 28, 19–23.
  • Grass, F., Cachemaille, M., Martin, D., Fournier, N., Hahnloser, D., Blanc, C., & Hübner, M. (2018). Pain perception after colorectal surgery: A propensity score matched prospective cohort study. Bioscience Trends, 12(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2017.01312
  • Jin, J., Chen, Q., Min, S., Du, X., Zhang, D., & Qin, P. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of chronic postsurgical pain after colorectal surgery: A prospective study. Colorectal Disease, 23(7), 1878–1889. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.15640
  • Joris, J. L., Georges, M. J., Medjahed, K., et al. (2015). Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of chronic postsurgical pain after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: Retrospective analysis. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 32(10), 712–717.
  • Köken, İ. Ş., & Eyigör, C. (2019). Romatizmal ağrıların palyasyonunda girişimsel ağrı tedavisi yöntemleri. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 58, 22–26.
  • Lindberg, M., Franklin, O., Svensson, J., & Franklin, K. A. (2020). Postoperative pain after colorectal surgery. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 35(7), 1265–1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-020-03580-4
  • Luedi, M. M., Schober, P., Hammoud, B., Andereggen, L., Hoenemann, C., & Doll, D. (2021). Preoperative pressure pain threshold is associated with postoperative pain in short-stay anorectal surgery: A prospective observational study. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 132(3), 656–664.
  • Mendoza, T. R., Chen, C., Brugger, A., Hubbard, R., Snabes, M., Palmer, S. N., Zhang, Q., & Cleeland, C. S. (2004). The utility and validity of the modified brief pain inventory in a multiple-dose postoperative analgesic trial. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 20(5), 357–362.
  • Mi, X., Zou, B., Rashidi, P., et al. (2021). Effects of patient and surgery characteristics on persistent postoperative pain: A mediation analysis. Clinical Journal of Pain, 37(11), 803–811. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000979
  • Pan, Z. Y., Hu, Z. H., Zhang, F., et al. (2020). The effect of transversus abdominis plane block on the chronic pain after colorectal surgery: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiology, 20, 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-020-01032-8
  • Papadomanolakis-Pakis, N., Haroutounian, S., Christiansen, C. F., et al. (2021). Prediction of chronic postsurgical pain in adults: A protocol for multivariable prediction model development. BMJ Open, 11, e053618.
  • Regenbogen, S. E., Mullard, A. J., Peters, N., et al. (2016). Hospital analgesia practices and patient-reported pain after colorectal resection. Annals of Surgery, 264(6), 1044–1050.
  • Richebé, P., Capdevila, X., & Rivat, C. (2018). Persistent postsurgical pain: Pathophysiology and preventative pharmacologic considerations. Anesthesiology, 129(3), 590–607. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002238
  • Rosenberger, D. C., & Pogatzki-Zahn, E. M. (2022). Chronic post-surgical pain—Update on incidence, risk factors and preventive treatment options. BJA Education, 22(5), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2021.11.008
  • Schug, S. A., Lavand’homme, P., Barke, A., et al. (2019). The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: Chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain. Pain, 160(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001413
  • Tura, İ., & Erden, S. (2023). Examination of pain assessment and multimodal analgesia records in trauma patients. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences, 8(2), 185–191.
  • Tura, İ., & Erden, S. (2022). Postoperatif ağrı kontrolünde kanıt temelli öneriler. Dent & Med J - R, 4(1), 34–47.
  • Tura, İ., & Erden, S. (2021). Travma ağrisinin kontrolü: multimodal analjezi ve hemşirenin rolleri. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 2(2), 151-167.
  • Üstünel, F., Tura, İ., Akçam, A. T., & Erden, S. (2023). The effect of preoperative fear of pain on postoperative pain levels and the amount of analgesic consumption. Pain Management Nursing, 24(6), 617–621.
  • World Health Organization. (n.d.). Introduction to the ICD-11 chronic pain classification. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/classification/cat-webinars/unlocking-the-potential-of-icd-11-for-chronic-pain/introduction-to-the-icd-11-chronic-pain-classification.pdf?sfvrsn=559119b5_1 (Erişim tarihi: 28.12.2023)

Kolorektal Cerrahi Sonrası Kronik Ağrı İnsidansı ve Risk Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, , 23 - 32, 23.07.2025

Rukiye Yaman , Sevilay Erden

https://doi.org/10.71445/umbd.1688145

Öz

Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel çalışma kolorektal cerrahi sonrası kronik ağrı insidansını ve risk faktörlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Veriler“Hasta Tanımlayıcı Bilgi Formu”, “Sayısal Ağrı Ölçeği”ve “Kısa Ağrı Envanteri” kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler ameliyat öncesinde, ameliyattan 24, 48, 72 saat sonra ve ameliyattan 3 ay sonra toplandı. En yüksek ortalama ağrı düzeyi ilk 24 saatte hareket sırasında 4.02±1.63 idi ve hastaların %27'sinde ameliyattan 3 ay sonra kronik postoperatif ağrı gelişti. Ameliyat sonrası 3. aydaki değerlendirmede, cerrahi deneyimi olmayanlarda şiddetli ağrı ortalamasında (t=-2.552, p=0.050) ve genel anestezi alanlarda hem şiddetli hem de hafif ağrı ortalamasında (t=-4.047, p=0.050; t=-3.199, p=0.004) anlamlı fark bulundu. Kolorektal cerrahi sonrası hastaların yaklaşık üçte birinde cerrahi sonrası kronik ağrı saptanmıştır ve ilk kez ameliyat olan ve genel anestezi alan hastalarda cerrahi sonrası kronik ağrı gelişme riski daha yüksektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cerrahi Sonrası Kronik Ağrı Ağrı Değerlendirmesi Kolorektal Cerrahi Risk Faktörleri Hemşirelik

Proje Numarası

TYL-2022-14476

Kaynakça

  • Alharbi, R. A., Elfeki, H., Emmertsen, K. J., Mortensen, A. R., Drewes, A. M., Christensen, P., Laurberg, S., & Juul, T. (2023). Chronic pain after colon cancer surgery: Translation and validation of a scoring system. Colorectal Disease, 25(2), 202–210. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.16339
  • Aliyev, D., Karadağ Erkoç, S., Çakar Turhan, K. S., & Ökten, F. F. (2021). Abdominal cerrahi sonrası kronik ağrı sendromlu hastaların retrospektif değerlendirilmesi: 3 yıllık deneyimimiz. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Anesthesiology Reanimation, 19(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.5336/anesthe.2021-82607
  • Benlolo, S., Hanlon, J. G., Shirreff, L., Lefebvre, G., Husslein, H., & Shore, E. M. (2021). Predictors of persistent postsurgical pain after hysterectomy—A prospective cohort study. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 28(12), 2036–2046.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2021.05.017
  • Cleeland, C. S., & Ryan, K. M. (1994). Pain assessment: Global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 23(2), 129–138.
  • Dağıstanlı, S., Kalaycı, M. U., & Kara, Y. (2018). Evaluation of ERAS protocol in general surgery. Comprehensive Medicine, 10(Supp. 1), 9–20.
  • Dreyer, N. E., Cutshall, S. M., Huebner, M., Foss, D. M., Lovely, J. K., Bauer, B. A., & Cima, R. R. (2015). Effect of massage therapy on pain, anxiety, relaxation, and tension after colorectal surgery: A randomized study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21(3), 154–159.
  • Erden, S., Güler, S., Tura, İ., Başibüyük, İ. F., & Arslan, U. E. (2023). Evaluating patient outcomes in postoperative pain management according to the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R). Applied Nursing Research, 73, 151734.
  • Erden, S., Yikar, S. K., Doğan, S. D., Lucero, R. J., Yıldız, K. S., Gezer, S., ... & Wilkie, D. J. (2023b). Validation of the tablet-based Turkish-PAINReportIt® for lung cancer patients after thoracotomy in Turkey. Applied Nursing Research, 70, 151673.
  • Erden, S., & Tura, İ., Akut ağrı kontrolünde kanıta dayalı uygulamalar. in: Ağrı ve Kontrolü, Sevilay ERDEN, Editor, Akademisyen Kitabevi, Ankara, pp.217-233, 2021
  • Feddern, M. L., Jensen, T. S., & Laurberg, S. (2015). Chronic pain in the pelvic area or lower extremities after rectal cancer treatment and its impact on quality of life: A population-based cross-sectional study. Pain, 156(9), 1765–1771. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000237
  • Gölen, M. K., & Okuyan, D. Y. (2022). Kronik migren tedavisinde medikal profilaktik tedavi alan ve almayan hastalarda büyük oksipital sinir blokajı etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması. Turkish Journal of Neurology, 28, 19–23.
  • Grass, F., Cachemaille, M., Martin, D., Fournier, N., Hahnloser, D., Blanc, C., & Hübner, M. (2018). Pain perception after colorectal surgery: A propensity score matched prospective cohort study. Bioscience Trends, 12(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2017.01312
  • Jin, J., Chen, Q., Min, S., Du, X., Zhang, D., & Qin, P. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of chronic postsurgical pain after colorectal surgery: A prospective study. Colorectal Disease, 23(7), 1878–1889. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.15640
  • Joris, J. L., Georges, M. J., Medjahed, K., et al. (2015). Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of chronic postsurgical pain after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: Retrospective analysis. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 32(10), 712–717.
  • Köken, İ. Ş., & Eyigör, C. (2019). Romatizmal ağrıların palyasyonunda girişimsel ağrı tedavisi yöntemleri. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 58, 22–26.
  • Lindberg, M., Franklin, O., Svensson, J., & Franklin, K. A. (2020). Postoperative pain after colorectal surgery. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 35(7), 1265–1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-020-03580-4
  • Luedi, M. M., Schober, P., Hammoud, B., Andereggen, L., Hoenemann, C., & Doll, D. (2021). Preoperative pressure pain threshold is associated with postoperative pain in short-stay anorectal surgery: A prospective observational study. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 132(3), 656–664.
  • Mendoza, T. R., Chen, C., Brugger, A., Hubbard, R., Snabes, M., Palmer, S. N., Zhang, Q., & Cleeland, C. S. (2004). The utility and validity of the modified brief pain inventory in a multiple-dose postoperative analgesic trial. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 20(5), 357–362.
  • Mi, X., Zou, B., Rashidi, P., et al. (2021). Effects of patient and surgery characteristics on persistent postoperative pain: A mediation analysis. Clinical Journal of Pain, 37(11), 803–811. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000979
  • Pan, Z. Y., Hu, Z. H., Zhang, F., et al. (2020). The effect of transversus abdominis plane block on the chronic pain after colorectal surgery: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiology, 20, 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-020-01032-8
  • Papadomanolakis-Pakis, N., Haroutounian, S., Christiansen, C. F., et al. (2021). Prediction of chronic postsurgical pain in adults: A protocol for multivariable prediction model development. BMJ Open, 11, e053618.
  • Regenbogen, S. E., Mullard, A. J., Peters, N., et al. (2016). Hospital analgesia practices and patient-reported pain after colorectal resection. Annals of Surgery, 264(6), 1044–1050.
  • Richebé, P., Capdevila, X., & Rivat, C. (2018). Persistent postsurgical pain: Pathophysiology and preventative pharmacologic considerations. Anesthesiology, 129(3), 590–607. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002238
  • Rosenberger, D. C., & Pogatzki-Zahn, E. M. (2022). Chronic post-surgical pain—Update on incidence, risk factors and preventive treatment options. BJA Education, 22(5), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2021.11.008
  • Schug, S. A., Lavand’homme, P., Barke, A., et al. (2019). The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: Chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain. Pain, 160(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001413
  • Tura, İ., & Erden, S. (2023). Examination of pain assessment and multimodal analgesia records in trauma patients. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences, 8(2), 185–191.
  • Tura, İ., & Erden, S. (2022). Postoperatif ağrı kontrolünde kanıt temelli öneriler. Dent & Med J - R, 4(1), 34–47.
  • Tura, İ., & Erden, S. (2021). Travma ağrisinin kontrolü: multimodal analjezi ve hemşirenin rolleri. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 2(2), 151-167.
  • Üstünel, F., Tura, İ., Akçam, A. T., & Erden, S. (2023). The effect of preoperative fear of pain on postoperative pain levels and the amount of analgesic consumption. Pain Management Nursing, 24(6), 617–621.
  • World Health Organization. (n.d.). Introduction to the ICD-11 chronic pain classification. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/classification/cat-webinars/unlocking-the-potential-of-icd-11-for-chronic-pain/introduction-to-the-icd-11-chronic-pain-classification.pdf?sfvrsn=559119b5_1 (Erişim tarihi: 28.12.2023)
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Cerrahi Hastalıklar Hemşireliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Rukiye Yaman 0009-0001-1055-5187

Sevilay Erden 0000-0002-6519-864X

Proje Numarası TYL-2022-14476
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaman, R., & Erden, S. (2025). Chronic After Colorectal Surgery Determination of Pain Incidence and Risk Factors. Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.71445/umbd.1688145
Creative Commons Lisansı
Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.