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UNITED NATIONS CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCES AND HEALTH: AN OVERVIEW OF COP27, COP28 AND COP29

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 30.04.2025

Gül Mersinlioğlu Serin

Öz

Recognised as the greatest disaster and the greatest opportunity of the 21st century, climate change has taken its place on the global health agenda. Conference of the Parties (COP) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) the highest decision-making authority on climate change in the international arena, serve as critical platforms for global action on climate action, which increasingly recognises the profound impacts of climate change on human health. Health stood out as an important agenda item in COP27, COP28 and COP29, but in terms of health actions, COP27 lagged behind other sectors, COP28 was an important turning point and COP29 fell short of expectations. However, there are points to be analysed in these conferences in terms of global climate health policies. This study is planned to evaluate the global health actions of COP27, COP28 and COP29, to provide some suggestions and to contribute to the studies to be carried out on the subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

climate change health climate policies

Kaynakça

  • Blom, I. M, Beagley, J. & Quintana, A. V. (2022). The COP26 Health Commitments: A Springboard Towards Environmentally Sustainable And Climate-Resilient Health Care Systems?. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 6(2022), 1-7.
  • Büdün Aydın, E. & Aydın, A. (2022). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün Covid-19 Pandemisi Başlangıç Döneminde Geliştirdiği Söylemlerin Eleştirel Bir Analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 521-537.
  • COP27. (2022). The Sharm El-Sheikh Climate İmplementation Summit. https://cop27.eg/#/, Erişim Tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • COP28. (2024). “COP28 Official web page”. https://www.cop28.com/en/, Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2024.
  • COP29. (2024). Baku Initiative on Human Development for Climate Resilience, https://cop29.az/en/pages/baku-initiative-on-human-development-for-climate-reslience-concept, Erişim tarihi:2.12.2024.
  • GCHA. (2022). COP27 Health Community Recommendations. https://www.isde.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/COP27-Health-Community-Policy-Recommendations_v16-October-1-1.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • GCHA. (2022). NDC Scorecards. https://climateandhealthalliance.org/initiatives/healthy-ndcs/ndc-scorecards/, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • Global Citizen. (2022). 13 Climate Experts and World Leaders Respond to IPCC Code Red Report. Defend The Planet. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/un-ipcc-climate-report-code-red-experts-quotes/, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • IPCC. (2022A). Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • IPCC. (2022b). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/, Erişim tarihi: 6.12.2022.
  • Irmak, Y. & Mersinlioğlu Serin, G. (2023). İklim Değişikliği ile Mücadelede Önemli Bir Katalizör: Sağlık Faktörü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(38), 739-751. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1136570
  • Moosmann, L., Siemons, A., Fallasch, F., Schneider, L., Urrutia, C., Wissner, N. & Oppelt, D. (2021). The COP26 Climate Change Conference Status of Climate Negotiations and İssues at Stake. European Parliament. 1-114.
  • Schneider, S.H., Rosecranz, A, Mastrandrea, M. & Kuntz-Duriseti, K. (2009). Climate Change Science and Policy, Washington. Island Press. https://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Books/CCSAP/CCSAP_book.html#topofpage, Erişim tarihi: 6.12.2022.
  • Smeeth, L. & Haines, A. (2023). COP 28: Ambitious Climate Action is Needed to Protect Health. British Medical Journal 383, 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p2938, Erişim tarihi: 23.12.2023.
  • The Lancet. (2023). Health Day at COP28: A Hard-Won (partial) Gain. The Lancet Editorial, 402, 2167.
  • Tennison, I, Roschnik, S, Ashby, B, Boyd, R, Hamilton, L, Oreszczyn, T, Owen, A, Romanello, M. and Eckelman, J. (2021). “Health Care's Response to Climate Change: A Carbon Footprint Assessment of the NHS in England”. The Lancet. Planetary Health, 5(2), e84–e92.
  • UNCTAD (2021). Fifteenth Session of The United Nations Conference on Trade And Development. World Leaders Summit - Dialogue I, Global Vulnerabilities - Call from a Vulnerable Place. https://unctad.org/system/files/non-official-document/u15-wls-d1_stat02_Tedros-Adhanom-Ghebreyesus_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 9.12.2022.
  • UNFCCC. (2022). Decision -/CP.27, Sharm El-Sheikh İmplementation Plan. COP27_AUV_2 (unfccc.int), 1-10. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cop27_auv_2_cover%20decision.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022.
  • UNFCCC. (2022). The Paris Agreement. What is the Paris Agreement?. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement, Erişim tarihi: 9.12.2022.
  • UNFCCC. (2023). COP27 Reaches Breakthrough Agreement on New Loss and Damage Fund for Vulnerable Countries.https://unfccc.int/news/cop27-reaches-breakthrough-agreement-on-new-loss-and-damage-fund-for-vulnerable-countries, Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2023.
  • UNFCCC. (2025). NDC Synthesis Report. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/2024-ndc-synthesis-report, Erişim tarihi: 27.04.2025.
  • WHO. (2021). COP26 Health programme. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/cop26-health-programme.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2021). Countries commit to develop climate-smart health care at COP26 UN climate conference. https://www.who.int/news/item/09-11-2021-countries-commit-to-develop-climate-smart-health-care-at-cop26-un-climate-conference, Erişim tarihi: 14.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2021a). The Health Argument for Climate Action. https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/cop26-special-report-climate-change-and-health, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2022a). Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH). https://www.who.int/initiatives/alliance-for-transformative-action-on-climate-and-health, Erişim tarihi: 18.12. 2022.
  • WHO. (2022b). COP27 Health Pavilion. https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/11/06/default-calendar/cop27-health-pavilion, Erişim tarihi: 17.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2022c). WHO Policy Brief. UNFCCC COP27. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/who-unfccc-cop27-loss-and- damage.pdf?sfvrsn=b8a652a0_3&download=true, Erişim tarihi: 18.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2022d). Initiative on Climate Action and Nutrition. https://www.gainhealth.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/Initiative-on-climate-action-and-nutrition-I-CAN.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 13.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2024a). Funders, Partners Endorse New Guiding Principles for Financing Climate and Health Solutions to Protect Health.https://www.who.int/news/item/02-12-2023-41-funders--partners-endorse-new-guiding-principles-for-financing-climate-and-health-solutions-to-protect-health, Erişim tarihi:23 02.2024.
  • WHO. (2024b). COP29 special report on climate change and health: Health is the argument for climate action. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/environment-climate-change-and-health/cop29-report_summary.pdf?sfvrsn=2556cbaf_7, Erişim tarihi: 2.12.2024.
  • WMO. (2024). Health at COP28. https://climahealth.info/cop28-hub/, Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024.
  • Wyns, A. (2022). COP27 Establishes Loss and Damage Fund to Respond to Human Cost of Climate Change.
  • Lancet Planet Health Newsdesk, 7, 1-2. (thelancet.com). https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement Health, Erişim tarihi: 23.12.2023.

BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 30.04.2025

Gül Mersinlioğlu Serin

Öz

21'inci yüzyılın en büyük felaketi ve en büyük fırsatı olarak değerlendirilen iklim değişikliği küresel sağlık gündemde yerini almıştır. Uluslararası alanda iklim değişikliği konusunda en üst karar alma mercii olan BM İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (UNFCCC) Taraflar Konferansı (COP), iklim değişikliğinin insan sağlığı üzerindeki derin etkilerini giderek daha fazla kabul eden iklim eylemi konusunda küresel eylem için kritik platformlar olarak hizmet vermektedir. COP27, COP28 ve COP29'da sağlık önemli bir gündem maddesi olarak öne çıkmış, ancak sağlık eylemleri açısından COP27 diğer sektörlerin gerisinde kalırken, COP28 önemli bir dönüm noktası olmuş ve COP29 beklentilerin altında kalmıştır. Fakat küresel iklim sağlığı politikaları açısından bu konferanslarda irdelenmesi gereken noktalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, COP27, COP28 ve COP29’un küresel sağlık eylemlerini değerlendirmek, birtakım öneriler sunmak ve konu hakkında yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlamak amacıyla planlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

iklim değişikliği sağlık iklim politikaları

Kaynakça

  • Blom, I. M, Beagley, J. & Quintana, A. V. (2022). The COP26 Health Commitments: A Springboard Towards Environmentally Sustainable And Climate-Resilient Health Care Systems?. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 6(2022), 1-7.
  • Büdün Aydın, E. & Aydın, A. (2022). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün Covid-19 Pandemisi Başlangıç Döneminde Geliştirdiği Söylemlerin Eleştirel Bir Analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 521-537.
  • COP27. (2022). The Sharm El-Sheikh Climate İmplementation Summit. https://cop27.eg/#/, Erişim Tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • COP28. (2024). “COP28 Official web page”. https://www.cop28.com/en/, Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2024.
  • COP29. (2024). Baku Initiative on Human Development for Climate Resilience, https://cop29.az/en/pages/baku-initiative-on-human-development-for-climate-reslience-concept, Erişim tarihi:2.12.2024.
  • GCHA. (2022). COP27 Health Community Recommendations. https://www.isde.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/COP27-Health-Community-Policy-Recommendations_v16-October-1-1.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • GCHA. (2022). NDC Scorecards. https://climateandhealthalliance.org/initiatives/healthy-ndcs/ndc-scorecards/, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • Global Citizen. (2022). 13 Climate Experts and World Leaders Respond to IPCC Code Red Report. Defend The Planet. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/un-ipcc-climate-report-code-red-experts-quotes/, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • IPCC. (2022A). Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/, Erişim tarihi: 4.12.2022.
  • IPCC. (2022b). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/, Erişim tarihi: 6.12.2022.
  • Irmak, Y. & Mersinlioğlu Serin, G. (2023). İklim Değişikliği ile Mücadelede Önemli Bir Katalizör: Sağlık Faktörü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(38), 739-751. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1136570
  • Moosmann, L., Siemons, A., Fallasch, F., Schneider, L., Urrutia, C., Wissner, N. & Oppelt, D. (2021). The COP26 Climate Change Conference Status of Climate Negotiations and İssues at Stake. European Parliament. 1-114.
  • Schneider, S.H., Rosecranz, A, Mastrandrea, M. & Kuntz-Duriseti, K. (2009). Climate Change Science and Policy, Washington. Island Press. https://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Books/CCSAP/CCSAP_book.html#topofpage, Erişim tarihi: 6.12.2022.
  • Smeeth, L. & Haines, A. (2023). COP 28: Ambitious Climate Action is Needed to Protect Health. British Medical Journal 383, 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p2938, Erişim tarihi: 23.12.2023.
  • The Lancet. (2023). Health Day at COP28: A Hard-Won (partial) Gain. The Lancet Editorial, 402, 2167.
  • Tennison, I, Roschnik, S, Ashby, B, Boyd, R, Hamilton, L, Oreszczyn, T, Owen, A, Romanello, M. and Eckelman, J. (2021). “Health Care's Response to Climate Change: A Carbon Footprint Assessment of the NHS in England”. The Lancet. Planetary Health, 5(2), e84–e92.
  • UNCTAD (2021). Fifteenth Session of The United Nations Conference on Trade And Development. World Leaders Summit - Dialogue I, Global Vulnerabilities - Call from a Vulnerable Place. https://unctad.org/system/files/non-official-document/u15-wls-d1_stat02_Tedros-Adhanom-Ghebreyesus_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 9.12.2022.
  • UNFCCC. (2022). Decision -/CP.27, Sharm El-Sheikh İmplementation Plan. COP27_AUV_2 (unfccc.int), 1-10. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cop27_auv_2_cover%20decision.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022.
  • UNFCCC. (2022). The Paris Agreement. What is the Paris Agreement?. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement, Erişim tarihi: 9.12.2022.
  • UNFCCC. (2023). COP27 Reaches Breakthrough Agreement on New Loss and Damage Fund for Vulnerable Countries.https://unfccc.int/news/cop27-reaches-breakthrough-agreement-on-new-loss-and-damage-fund-for-vulnerable-countries, Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2023.
  • UNFCCC. (2025). NDC Synthesis Report. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/2024-ndc-synthesis-report, Erişim tarihi: 27.04.2025.
  • WHO. (2021). COP26 Health programme. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/cop26-health-programme.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2021). Countries commit to develop climate-smart health care at COP26 UN climate conference. https://www.who.int/news/item/09-11-2021-countries-commit-to-develop-climate-smart-health-care-at-cop26-un-climate-conference, Erişim tarihi: 14.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2021a). The Health Argument for Climate Action. https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/cop26-special-report-climate-change-and-health, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2022a). Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH). https://www.who.int/initiatives/alliance-for-transformative-action-on-climate-and-health, Erişim tarihi: 18.12. 2022.
  • WHO. (2022b). COP27 Health Pavilion. https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/11/06/default-calendar/cop27-health-pavilion, Erişim tarihi: 17.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2022c). WHO Policy Brief. UNFCCC COP27. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/who-unfccc-cop27-loss-and- damage.pdf?sfvrsn=b8a652a0_3&download=true, Erişim tarihi: 18.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2022d). Initiative on Climate Action and Nutrition. https://www.gainhealth.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/Initiative-on-climate-action-and-nutrition-I-CAN.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 13.12.2022.
  • WHO. (2024a). Funders, Partners Endorse New Guiding Principles for Financing Climate and Health Solutions to Protect Health.https://www.who.int/news/item/02-12-2023-41-funders--partners-endorse-new-guiding-principles-for-financing-climate-and-health-solutions-to-protect-health, Erişim tarihi:23 02.2024.
  • WHO. (2024b). COP29 special report on climate change and health: Health is the argument for climate action. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/environment-climate-change-and-health/cop29-report_summary.pdf?sfvrsn=2556cbaf_7, Erişim tarihi: 2.12.2024.
  • WMO. (2024). Health at COP28. https://climahealth.info/cop28-hub/, Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024.
  • Wyns, A. (2022). COP27 Establishes Loss and Damage Fund to Respond to Human Cost of Climate Change.
  • Lancet Planet Health Newsdesk, 7, 1-2. (thelancet.com). https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement Health, Erişim tarihi: 23.12.2023.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Yönetimi, Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gül Mersinlioğlu Serin 0000-0001-8172-0429

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Mersinlioğlu Serin, G. (2025). BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 11(1), 1-12.
AMA Mersinlioğlu Serin G. BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. USAYSAD. Nisan 2025;11(1):1-12.
Chicago Mersinlioğlu Serin, Gül. “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 11, sy. 1 (Nisan 2025): 1-12.
EndNote Mersinlioğlu Serin G (01 Nisan 2025) BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 11 1 1–12.
IEEE G. Mersinlioğlu Serin, “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ”, USAYSAD, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 1–12, 2025.
ISNAD Mersinlioğlu Serin, Gül. “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 11/1 (Nisan 2025), 1-12.
JAMA Mersinlioğlu Serin G. BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. USAYSAD. 2025;11:1–12.
MLA Mersinlioğlu Serin, Gül. “BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 1-12.
Vancouver Mersinlioğlu Serin G. BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ KONFERANSLARI VE SAĞLIK: COP27, COP28 VE COP29’UN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. USAYSAD. 2025;11(1):1-12.
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