Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Relationship of Planned and Unplanned Directional Running Performance with Physical Fitness Levels and Motivation

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 169 - 177, 30.06.2025

Çağlar Edis

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1604062

Öz

Aim: There are low and high correlations in the studies examining the relationship between acute physical fitness levels with speed and agility skills. In addition, there are few studies examining the relationship between motivation, and physical fitness skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the acute physical fitness levels with speed and agility skills.
Method: A total of 25 amateur young football players, all aged 18, participated in this study. Firstly, participants completed the motivation scale. Subsequently, the following performance tests were administered: static postural control on one leg, squat jump, countermovement jump with arm swing (also known as Abalakov jump), dominant leg vertical jump, non-dominant leg vertical jump, thirty-meter linear sprint, pro-agility test, and Y-reactive agility test.
Results: Since the data did not meet the assumption of normal distribution, Spearman correlation analysis was used, and the significance level was set at p>0.05. According to the results, no significant relationship was found between motivation levels and the performance test results (p>0.05). However, strong correlations were observed between squat jump, countermovement jump with arm swing (jump height in centimeters and leg muscle power in watts), and the thirty-meter linear sprint and pro-agility performance (with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.636 and 0.870). Additionally, high correlations were also found between dominant and non-dominant leg vertical jumps and sprint-agility performance (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.622 to 0.829).
Conclusion: This study suggests that coaches may benefit from guiding their athletes toward exercises that enhance both single-leg and double-leg strength in order to improve sprinting and agility performance more effectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balance Ability Motivation Performance Test Speed.

Kaynakça

  • Arede, J., Fernandes, J.F., Singh, H., Bishop, C., Romero-Rodriguez, D., & Madruga Parera, M. (2024). Assessing asymmetries and predicting performance in semi-professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 19(1), 192-201.
  • Ahmed, S., Saraswat, A., & Esht, V. (2022). Correlation of core stability with balance, agility and upper limb power in badminton players: a cross-sectional study. Sport Sciences for Health, 1-5.
  • Bangsbo, J. (2014). The physiology of intermittent activity in football. In Science and football III, (pp. 43-53). Routledge.
  • Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., Levin, G., & Chaouachi, A. (2008). Understanding change of direction ability in sport: a review of resistance training studies. Sports Medicine, 38, 1045-1063.
  • Bayraktar, I. (2017). The influences of speed, cod speed and balance on reactive agility performance in team handball. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 3(1), 451-461.
  • Barrera, J., Contreras, L.M.V., Lorca, Á.S., Cid, F.M., Zurita, E., & Sarmento, H. (2021). Relación del salto contramovimiento y pruebas de velocidad (10-30 m) y agilidad en jóvenes futbolistas chilenos. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte Y Recreación, (41), 775-781.
  • Aksen Cengizhan, P., Cobanoglu, G., Gokdogan, C.M., Zorlular, A., Akaras, E., Erikoglu Orer, G., ... Guzel, N. A. (2019). The relationship between postural stability, core muscle endurance and agility in professional basketball players. Annals of Medical Research, 26(10), 2181-2186.
  • Cometti, G., Maffiuletti, N.A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J.C., & Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International journal of sports medicine, 22(01), 45-51.
  • Chavda, S., Bromley, T., Jarvis, P., Williams, S., Bishop, C., Turner, A.N., ... Mundy, P.D. (2018). Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: Analyzing the curve in Excel. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 40(2), 67-77.
  • Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Fernández-García, J.C., Chinchilla-Minguet, J.L., & Carnero, E.Á. (2012). Relationship between muscular strength and sprints with changes of direction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3), 725-732.
  • Cronin, J.B., & Hansen, K.T. (2005). Strength and power predictors of sports speed. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(2), 349-357.
  • Chaouachi, A., Brughelli, M., Chamari, K., Levin, G. T., Abdelkrim, N. B., Laurencelle, L., & Castagna, C. (2009). Lower limb maximal dynamic strength and agility determinants in elite basketball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1570-1577.
  • Demir, H. (2022). Validity and reliability of motivation scale in sports: Turkish adaptation study. The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 20(4), 56-68.
  • Dietze-Hermosa, M.S., Montalvo, S., Cubillos, N.R., Gonzalez, M.P., & Dorgo, S. (2020). Association and predictive abilityof vertical countermovement jump performance on unilateral agility in recreationally trained individuals. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20, 2076-2085.
  • Edis, Ç. (2021). Which Postural Control and Functional Movement Screen Values Related to Change of Direction Runs?. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 9(4), 0-0.
  • Emmonds, S., Nicholson, G., Begg, C., Jones, B., & Bissas, A. (2019). Importance of physical qualities for speed and change of direction ability in elite female soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(6), 1669-1677.
  • Forsman, H., Gråstén, A., Blomqvist, M., Davids, K., Liukkonen, J., & Konttinen, N. (2016). Development of perceived competence, tactical skills, motivation, technical skills, and speed and agility in young soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 34(14), 1311-1318.
  • Farrow, D., Young, W., & Bruce, L. (2005). The development of a test of reactive agility for netball: a new methodology. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 8(1), 52-60.
  • Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Bishop, C., Buscà, B., Aguilera-Castells, J., Vicens-Bordas, J., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2020). Inter-limb asymmetries are associated with decrements in physical performance in youth elite team sports athletes. PLoS One, 15(3), e0229440.
  • Hammer, T.M., Pedersen, S., Pettersen, S.A., Rognmo, K., & Sagelv, E.H. (2022). Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High-and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 825738.
  • Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 41(1), 3-13.
  • Henry, G.J., Dawson, B., Lay, B.S., & Young, W.B. (2016). Relationships between reactive agility movement time and unilateral vertical, horizontal, and lateral jumps. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(9), 2514-2521.
  • Köklü, Y., Alemdaroğlu, U., Özkan, A., Koz, M., & Ersöz, G. (2015). The relationship between sprint ability, agility and vertical jump performance in young soccer players. Science & Sports, 30(1), e1-e5.
  • Karafil, A.Y., Ulaş, M., & Akgül, M.H. (2021). Achievement Goal Scale in Sports: A Validity and Reliability Study for Infrastructure Athletes (9-18 Years Old). CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 16(1), 46-58.
  • Lockie, R.G., Schultz, A.B., Jeffriess, M.D., & Callaghan, S.J. (2012). The relationship between bilateral differences of knee flexor and extensor isokinetic strength and multi-directional speed. Isokinetics and exercise science, 20(3), 211-219.
  • Lockie, R.G., Schultz, A.B., Callaghan, S.J., Jordan, C.A., Luczo, T.M., & Jeffriess, M.D. (2015). A preliminary investigation into the relationship between functional movement screen scores and athletic physical performance in female team sport athletes. Biology of sport, 32(1), 41-51.
  • Mohr, C., Landis, T., Bracha, H. S., & Brugger, P. (2003). Opposite turning behavior in right-handers and non-right-handers suggests a link between handedness and cerebral dopamine asymmetries. Behavioral neuroscience, 117(6), 1448.
  • Markovic, G., Šarabon, N., Pausic, J., & Hadžić, V. (2020). Adductor muscles strength and strength asymmetry as risk factors for groin injuries among professional soccer players: A prospective study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 4946.
  • McFarland, I.T., Dawes, J.J., Elder, C.L., & Lockie, R.G. (2016). Relationship of two vertical jumping tests to sprint and change of direction speed among male and female collegiate soccer players. Sports, 4(1), 11.
  • Okada, T., Huxel, K.C., & Nesser, T.W. (2011). Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 252-261.
  • Oatley, K., Keltner, D., & Jenkins, J.M. (2006). Understanding emotions. Blackwell publishing.
  • Pojskic, H., Åslin, E., Krolo, A., Jukic, I., Uljevic, O., Spasic, M., & Sekulic, D. (2018). Importance of reactive agility and change of direction speed in differentiating performance levels in junior soccer players: Reliability and validity of newly developed soccer-specific tests. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 506.
  • Putri, A.S., & Rasyid, W. (2022). The effect of lateral run training, zig-zag run training and motivation practice on player’s agility women’s football. Gladi: Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13(02), 233-249.
  • Sheppard, J.M., & Young, W.B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of sports sciences, 24(9), 919-932.
  • Suarez-Arrones, L., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Carrasquilla, I., Asián-Clemente, J., Santalla, A., Lara-Lopez, P., … Núñez, F.J. (2020). Relationships between change of direction, sprint, jump, and squat power performance. Sports, 8(3), 38.
  • Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536.
  • Salaj, S., & Markovic, G. (2011). Specificity of jumping, sprinting, and quick change-of-direction motor abilities. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1249-1255.
  • Spasic, M., Krolo, A., Zenic, N., Delextrat, A., & Sekulic, D. (2015). Reactive agility performance in handball; development and evaluation of a sport-specific measurement protocol. Journal of sports science & medicine, 14(3), 501.
  • Sporis, G., Jukic, I., Milanovic, L., & Vucetic, V. (2010). Reliability and factorial validity of agility tests for soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(3), 679-686.
  • Sekulic, D., Spasic, M., Mirkov, D., Cavar, M., & Sattler, T. (2013). Gender-specific influences of balance, speed, and power on agility performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3), 802-811.
  • Pereira, L.A., Nimphius, S., Kobal, R., Kitamura, K., Turisco, L.A., Orsi, R.C., ... & Loturco, I. (2018). Relationship between change of direction, speed, and power in male and female national olympic team handball athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(10), 2987-2994.
  • Young, W.B., James, R., & Montgomery, I. (2002). Is muscle power related to running speed with changes of direction?. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 42(3), 282-288.
  • Zapartidis, I., Makroglou, V., Kepesidou, M., Milacic, A., & Makri, A. (2018). Relationship between sprinting, change of direction and jump ability in young male athletes. Journal of Physical Education, 5(1), 71-76.
  • Williams, D.M., Papandonatos, G.D., Napolitano, M.A., Lewis, B.A., Whiteley, J.A., & Marcus, B.H. (2006). Perceived enjoyment moderates the efficacy of an individually tailored physical activity intervention. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), 300-309.
  • Wankel, L.M. (1993). The importance of enjoyment to adherence and psychological benefits from physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 24(2), 151–169.

Planlı ve Plansız Yön Değiştirme Koşu Performansının Fiziksel Uygunluk Düzeyleri ve Motivasyon ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 169 - 177, 30.06.2025

Çağlar Edis

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1604062

Öz

Amaç: Akut fiziksel uygunluk düzeyleri ile sürat ve çeviklik becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmalarda düşük ve yüksek düzeyde korelasyonlar bildirilmektedir. Ayrıca, motivasyon ile fiziksel uygunluk becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, akut fiziksel uygunluk düzeyleri ile sürat ve çeviklik becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya tamamı 18 yaşında olan 25 amatör genç futbolcu katılmıştır. Öncelikle katılımcılar motivasyon ölçeğini doldurmuştur. Ardından sırasıyla şu performans testleri uygulanmıştır: tek ayak üzerinde statik postüral denge testi, çömelme sıçraması, kol salınımı ile karşı hareket sıçraması (Abalakov sıçraması), baskın bacak ve baskın olmayan bacak dikey sıçrama, 30 metre düz çizgi sprint testi, pro-çeviklik testi ve Y-reaktif çeviklik testi.
Bulgular: Veriler normal dağılım varsayımını karşılamadığından Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi p>0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, motivasyon düzeyleri ile performans test sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Ancak, çömelme sıçraması ve kol salınımı ile yapılan karşı hareket sıçraması (santimetre cinsinden sıçrama yüksekliği ve watt cinsinden bacak kas gücü) ile 30 metre sprint ve pro-çeviklik performansı arasında güçlü korelasyonlar tespit edilmiştir (korelasyon katsayıları 0.636 ile 0.870 arasında değişmektedir). Ayrıca, baskın ve baskın olmayan bacak dikey sıçrama ile sprint ve çeviklik performansı arasında da yüksek düzeyde korelasyonlar gözlemlenmiştir (korelasyon katsayıları 0.622 ile 0.829 arasında).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, antrenörlerin sporcularına hem tek bacak hem de çift bacak kuvvetini artırmaya yönelik egzersizleri önermelerinin, sprint ve çeviklik performanslarını daha etkili biçimde geliştirebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denge Yetisi Motivasyon Performans Testi Sürat

Kaynakça

  • Arede, J., Fernandes, J.F., Singh, H., Bishop, C., Romero-Rodriguez, D., & Madruga Parera, M. (2024). Assessing asymmetries and predicting performance in semi-professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 19(1), 192-201.
  • Ahmed, S., Saraswat, A., & Esht, V. (2022). Correlation of core stability with balance, agility and upper limb power in badminton players: a cross-sectional study. Sport Sciences for Health, 1-5.
  • Bangsbo, J. (2014). The physiology of intermittent activity in football. In Science and football III, (pp. 43-53). Routledge.
  • Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., Levin, G., & Chaouachi, A. (2008). Understanding change of direction ability in sport: a review of resistance training studies. Sports Medicine, 38, 1045-1063.
  • Bayraktar, I. (2017). The influences of speed, cod speed and balance on reactive agility performance in team handball. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 3(1), 451-461.
  • Barrera, J., Contreras, L.M.V., Lorca, Á.S., Cid, F.M., Zurita, E., & Sarmento, H. (2021). Relación del salto contramovimiento y pruebas de velocidad (10-30 m) y agilidad en jóvenes futbolistas chilenos. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte Y Recreación, (41), 775-781.
  • Aksen Cengizhan, P., Cobanoglu, G., Gokdogan, C.M., Zorlular, A., Akaras, E., Erikoglu Orer, G., ... Guzel, N. A. (2019). The relationship between postural stability, core muscle endurance and agility in professional basketball players. Annals of Medical Research, 26(10), 2181-2186.
  • Cometti, G., Maffiuletti, N.A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J.C., & Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International journal of sports medicine, 22(01), 45-51.
  • Chavda, S., Bromley, T., Jarvis, P., Williams, S., Bishop, C., Turner, A.N., ... Mundy, P.D. (2018). Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: Analyzing the curve in Excel. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 40(2), 67-77.
  • Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Fernández-García, J.C., Chinchilla-Minguet, J.L., & Carnero, E.Á. (2012). Relationship between muscular strength and sprints with changes of direction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3), 725-732.
  • Cronin, J.B., & Hansen, K.T. (2005). Strength and power predictors of sports speed. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(2), 349-357.
  • Chaouachi, A., Brughelli, M., Chamari, K., Levin, G. T., Abdelkrim, N. B., Laurencelle, L., & Castagna, C. (2009). Lower limb maximal dynamic strength and agility determinants in elite basketball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1570-1577.
  • Demir, H. (2022). Validity and reliability of motivation scale in sports: Turkish adaptation study. The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 20(4), 56-68.
  • Dietze-Hermosa, M.S., Montalvo, S., Cubillos, N.R., Gonzalez, M.P., & Dorgo, S. (2020). Association and predictive abilityof vertical countermovement jump performance on unilateral agility in recreationally trained individuals. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20, 2076-2085.
  • Edis, Ç. (2021). Which Postural Control and Functional Movement Screen Values Related to Change of Direction Runs?. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 9(4), 0-0.
  • Emmonds, S., Nicholson, G., Begg, C., Jones, B., & Bissas, A. (2019). Importance of physical qualities for speed and change of direction ability in elite female soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(6), 1669-1677.
  • Forsman, H., Gråstén, A., Blomqvist, M., Davids, K., Liukkonen, J., & Konttinen, N. (2016). Development of perceived competence, tactical skills, motivation, technical skills, and speed and agility in young soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 34(14), 1311-1318.
  • Farrow, D., Young, W., & Bruce, L. (2005). The development of a test of reactive agility for netball: a new methodology. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 8(1), 52-60.
  • Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Bishop, C., Buscà, B., Aguilera-Castells, J., Vicens-Bordas, J., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2020). Inter-limb asymmetries are associated with decrements in physical performance in youth elite team sports athletes. PLoS One, 15(3), e0229440.
  • Hammer, T.M., Pedersen, S., Pettersen, S.A., Rognmo, K., & Sagelv, E.H. (2022). Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High-and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 825738.
  • Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 41(1), 3-13.
  • Henry, G.J., Dawson, B., Lay, B.S., & Young, W.B. (2016). Relationships between reactive agility movement time and unilateral vertical, horizontal, and lateral jumps. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(9), 2514-2521.
  • Köklü, Y., Alemdaroğlu, U., Özkan, A., Koz, M., & Ersöz, G. (2015). The relationship between sprint ability, agility and vertical jump performance in young soccer players. Science & Sports, 30(1), e1-e5.
  • Karafil, A.Y., Ulaş, M., & Akgül, M.H. (2021). Achievement Goal Scale in Sports: A Validity and Reliability Study for Infrastructure Athletes (9-18 Years Old). CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 16(1), 46-58.
  • Lockie, R.G., Schultz, A.B., Jeffriess, M.D., & Callaghan, S.J. (2012). The relationship between bilateral differences of knee flexor and extensor isokinetic strength and multi-directional speed. Isokinetics and exercise science, 20(3), 211-219.
  • Lockie, R.G., Schultz, A.B., Callaghan, S.J., Jordan, C.A., Luczo, T.M., & Jeffriess, M.D. (2015). A preliminary investigation into the relationship between functional movement screen scores and athletic physical performance in female team sport athletes. Biology of sport, 32(1), 41-51.
  • Mohr, C., Landis, T., Bracha, H. S., & Brugger, P. (2003). Opposite turning behavior in right-handers and non-right-handers suggests a link between handedness and cerebral dopamine asymmetries. Behavioral neuroscience, 117(6), 1448.
  • Markovic, G., Šarabon, N., Pausic, J., & Hadžić, V. (2020). Adductor muscles strength and strength asymmetry as risk factors for groin injuries among professional soccer players: A prospective study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 4946.
  • McFarland, I.T., Dawes, J.J., Elder, C.L., & Lockie, R.G. (2016). Relationship of two vertical jumping tests to sprint and change of direction speed among male and female collegiate soccer players. Sports, 4(1), 11.
  • Okada, T., Huxel, K.C., & Nesser, T.W. (2011). Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 252-261.
  • Oatley, K., Keltner, D., & Jenkins, J.M. (2006). Understanding emotions. Blackwell publishing.
  • Pojskic, H., Åslin, E., Krolo, A., Jukic, I., Uljevic, O., Spasic, M., & Sekulic, D. (2018). Importance of reactive agility and change of direction speed in differentiating performance levels in junior soccer players: Reliability and validity of newly developed soccer-specific tests. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 506.
  • Putri, A.S., & Rasyid, W. (2022). The effect of lateral run training, zig-zag run training and motivation practice on player’s agility women’s football. Gladi: Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13(02), 233-249.
  • Sheppard, J.M., & Young, W.B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of sports sciences, 24(9), 919-932.
  • Suarez-Arrones, L., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Carrasquilla, I., Asián-Clemente, J., Santalla, A., Lara-Lopez, P., … Núñez, F.J. (2020). Relationships between change of direction, sprint, jump, and squat power performance. Sports, 8(3), 38.
  • Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536.
  • Salaj, S., & Markovic, G. (2011). Specificity of jumping, sprinting, and quick change-of-direction motor abilities. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1249-1255.
  • Spasic, M., Krolo, A., Zenic, N., Delextrat, A., & Sekulic, D. (2015). Reactive agility performance in handball; development and evaluation of a sport-specific measurement protocol. Journal of sports science & medicine, 14(3), 501.
  • Sporis, G., Jukic, I., Milanovic, L., & Vucetic, V. (2010). Reliability and factorial validity of agility tests for soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(3), 679-686.
  • Sekulic, D., Spasic, M., Mirkov, D., Cavar, M., & Sattler, T. (2013). Gender-specific influences of balance, speed, and power on agility performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3), 802-811.
  • Pereira, L.A., Nimphius, S., Kobal, R., Kitamura, K., Turisco, L.A., Orsi, R.C., ... & Loturco, I. (2018). Relationship between change of direction, speed, and power in male and female national olympic team handball athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(10), 2987-2994.
  • Young, W.B., James, R., & Montgomery, I. (2002). Is muscle power related to running speed with changes of direction?. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 42(3), 282-288.
  • Zapartidis, I., Makroglou, V., Kepesidou, M., Milacic, A., & Makri, A. (2018). Relationship between sprinting, change of direction and jump ability in young male athletes. Journal of Physical Education, 5(1), 71-76.
  • Williams, D.M., Papandonatos, G.D., Napolitano, M.A., Lewis, B.A., Whiteley, J.A., & Marcus, B.H. (2006). Perceived enjoyment moderates the efficacy of an individually tailored physical activity intervention. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), 300-309.
  • Wankel, L.M. (1993). The importance of enjoyment to adherence and psychological benefits from physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 24(2), 151–169.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Antrenman
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Çağlar Edis 0000-0001-7784-367X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Edis, Ç. (2025). Relationship of Planned and Unplanned Directional Running Performance with Physical Fitness Levels and Motivation. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 11(2), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1604062
 Kapak Resmi İndir

International Journal of Sport, Exercise & Training Sciences © 2015 is licensed under CC BY 4.0