Araştırma Makalesi
2024 Türkiye Yerel Seçimlerinde Belediye Başkan Adaylarının ‘X’ Paylaşımları Üzerinden İklim Politikalarının Analizi
Öz
Türlerin yok olmasından aşırı hava olaylarına, göçlere ve gıda kıtlığına kadar uzanan etkileri olan iklim değişikliği, biyolojik, ekolojik ve toplumsal etkileri nedeniyle acil eylem gerektirmektedir. Kurumlar, özellikle belediyeler, bu zorluğun üstesinden gelmede önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Coğrafya ve güncel politikalar nedeniyle iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine karşı savunmasız olan Türkiye gibi ülkeler, uygulanabilir ve sürdürülebilir çözümlere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu çalışma, Mart 2024 seçim kampanyası sırasında Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Gaziantep, İstanbul, İzmir ve Konya olmak üzere büyük Türkiye şehirlerinden belediye başkan adaylarının sosyal medya platformu X'teki paylaşımları aracılığıyla iklim politikalarını incelemektedir. Amaç, adayların iklim farkındalıklarını ve bu politikaları kamuoyuna ne ölçüde ilettiklerini değerlendirmektir. 6.048 gönderinin içerik analizi, adayların çevre paylaşımlarında şehir planlama, afet yönetimi, atık yönetimi ve sahipsiz hayvanları vurgulamasına rağmen iklim politikalarının çok az ilgi gördüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, Türkiye'de iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleye yönelik politikaların yerel yönetimler düzeyinde öncelikli bir mesele olarak ele alınmadığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
belediye iklim politikası 2024 yerel seçimleri X platformu sosyal medya
Kaynakça
- Akçakaya, O. (2016). Kentsel sürdürülebilirliğin uygulanması ve ölçülmesi bağlamında yerel yönetimlerin fonksiyonu. Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(4), 47-64.
- Batuhan, T. (2022). 2018 genel seçimleri siyasi parti beyannamelerinde kentleşme ve çevre politikaları. Şehir ve Medeniyet Dergisi, 8(17), 474-501.
- Botzen, W., Duijndam, S., & van Beukering, P. (2021). Lessons for climate policy from behavioral biases towards COVID-19 and climate change risks. World Development (137).
- Bulkeley, H., & Betsill, M. M. (2003). Cities and climate change: Urban sustainability and global environmental governance. Routledge.
- C40 Cities. (2016). Good practice guide. Retrieved from https://www.c40.org/good-practice-guides/
- Çaltı, N., & Somuncu, M. (2019). İklim değişikliğinin Türkiye’de tarım üzerindeki etkisi ve çiftçilerin iklim değişikliğine yönelik tutumları. B. Gönençgil, T. A. Ertek, I. Akova ve E. Elbasi (Eds.), 1st İstanbul International Geography Congress Proceedings Book (pp. 890-912). Türkiye: İstanbul University Press. https://doi.org/10.26650/PB/PS12.2019.002.084
- Delta Programme. (2020). Delta Programme 2020: Continuing the work on the delta. Adaptation to climate change in the Netherlands. Retrieved from https://english.deltaprogramma.nl/documents/publications/2019/09/17/dp2020-en-printversie
- Demirtaş, B. (2016). Türkiye’de yerel yönetimlerin dış ilişkilerinin analizi: Merkez-çevre etkileşimini yeniden düşünmek. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 13(52), 151-173.
- Dietz, T., Gardner, G., Gilligan, J., Stern, P., & Vendenberg, M. (2009). Household actions can provide a behavioral wedge to rapidly reduce US carbon emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(44).
- European Environment Agency (EEA). (2019). Climate change impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016: An indicator-based report. https://www.eea.europa.eu
- ------------------------------------------------ (2024). Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-impacts-risks-and-adaptation#:~:text=Some%20communities%20and%20regions%20are,fatalities%20were%20due%20to%20heatwaves.-
- European Greens. (2018). The green campaign outline: European elections 2019. https://europeangreens.eu/resolutions/greencampaign-outline-european-elections-2019/
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2023). The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security. https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1186350/
- Fekete, H., Kuramochi , T., Roelfsema, M., Felzen, M., Forsell , N., Höhne , N., & Gusti, M. (2021). A review of successful climate change mitigation policies in major emitting economies and the potential of global replication. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 137.
- Fryd, O., Pauleit, S., & Bühler, O. (2011). The role of urban green space and trees in relation to climate change. CABI Reviews, 1-18.
- Gedikli, B., & Balaban, O. (2017). An evaluation of local policies and actions that address climate change in Turkish metropolitan cities. European Planning Studies, 26(3), 458-479.
- Giorgi, F. (2006). Climate change hot-spots. Geophysical Research Letters, 8(33), 1-4.
- Giorgi, F., & Lionella, P. (2008). Climate change projections for the Mediterranean region. Global and Planetary Change, 63(2-3), 90-104.
- Haines, A., Smith, K., Anderson, D., Epstein, P., McMichael, A., Roberts, I., . . . Woods, J. (2007). Policies for accelerating access to clean energy, improving health, advancing development, and mitigating climate change. The Lancet, 370(9594), 1264-1281.
- Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., J., A., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., & ... & Hatziolos, M. E. (2007). Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science, 318(5857), 1737-1742.
- ICLEI. (2015, April 8-12). ICLEI World Congress 2015 | Seoul, Republic of Korea. Retrieved from https://worldcongress.iclei.org/past/2015/?_gl=1*e5wuel*_ga*MTcyNDA0NDE0LjE3MjM5MzA3OTk.*_ga_MYJQ7ZV11V*MTczMjQ4NjUwMy4yLjEuMTczMjQ4NjU0My4yMC4wLjgwMzU1MDU1NQ.
- International Energy Agency (IEA). (2011). Key world energy statistics 2011. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/key-world-energy-statistics-2011_key_energ_stat-2011-en.html
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups i, ii and iii to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
- İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (2023). İstanbul sürdürülebilir enerji ve iklim eylem planı 2023. Retrieved from https://cevre.ibb.İstanbul/iklim-degisikligi-sube-mudurlugu/İstanbul-surdurulebilir-enerji-ve-iklim-eylem-plani-yayinlandi/
- Kelebek, M., Batıdeniz, F., & Önol, B. (2021). Exposure assessment of climate extremes over the Europe-Mediterranean region. Atmosphere, 12(5), 633.
- Kern, K. (2019). Cities as leaders in EU multilevel climate governance: Embedded upscaling of local experiments in Europe. Environmental Politics, 28(1), 125-145.
- Kuhns, R., & Shaw, G. (2018). Coal and Natural Gas. R. Kuhns, & G. Shaw (Eds.), Navigating the energy maze. Springer.
- Landis, J., & Koch, G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174.
- Ministry of Environment. (2019). Türkiye iklim değişikliği stratejisi (2010-2023). Retrieved from https://cevresehiriklimkutuphanesi.csb.gov.tr/ShowPDF/5ac6ed13-599a-471c-8faa-26e7c7440981
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (no date). Evidence. Retrieved from https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/evidence/
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2024). Climate change impacts. https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/climate/climate-change-impacts
- Olabi, A., & Abdelkareem, M. (2022). Renewable energy and climate change. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 158.
- Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Hammer, S., & Mehrotra, S. (2011). Climate change and cities: First assessment report of the urban climate change research network. C. Rosenzweig, W. D. Solecki, S. A. Hammer, & S. Mehrotra (Eds.), Climate Change and Cities. Cambridge University Press.
- Singh, J., Laurenti, R., Sinha, R., & Frostell, B. (2014). Progress and challenges to the global waste management system. Waste Management & Research, 32(9), 800-812.
- Spano, D., Armiento, M., Aslam, M., Bacciu, V., Bigano, A., Bosello, F. (2021). G20 climate risk atlas: Impacts, policy and economics in the G20. CMCC Foundation.
- Şen, Z. (2022). İklim değişikliği ve Türkiye. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(1), 1-19.
- Tian, Z., Cao, G., Shi, J., McCallum, I., Cui, L., Fan, D., & Li, X. (2012). Urban transformation of a metropolis and its environmental impacts. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19, 1364–1374.
- Tong, S., & Ebi, K. (2019). Preventing and mitigating health risks of climate change. Environmental Research, 174, 9-13.
- Turan, C., Erguden, D., & Gürlek, M. (2016). Climate Change and Biodiversity Effects in Turkish Seas. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 1(2), 15-24.
- Türkiye’de Sosyal Medya. (2024). Speed Medya. Retrieved February 15, 2025, from https://www.speedmedya.com
- United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). (2023). North and West Africa expert group meeting on “Transition towards renewable resources for energy and food security in North and West Africa”. Retrieved from https://www.uneca.org/eca-events/egm-na-wa-energy-food-security-2023
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2015). The Paris agreement. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
- World Bank. (2018). Groundswell: Preparing for internal climate migration. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2018/03/19/groundswell---preparing-for-internal-climate-migration
- World Bank Group. (2023). Urban development. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview#:~:text=Today%2C%20some%2056%25%20of%20the,people%20will%20live%20in%20cities
- Yıldırım , A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Analysis of Climate Policies Through ‘X’ Posts of Mayoral Candidates in the 2024 Türkiye Local Elections
Öz
Climate change, with impacts ranging from species extinction to extreme weather, migration, and food scarcity, demands urgent action due to its biological, ecological, and societal effects. Institutions, particularly municipalities, play a crucial role in addressing this challenge. Countries like Turkey, vulnerable to climate change effects due to geography and current policies, require feasible and sustainable solutions. This study examines the climate policies of mayoral candidates from major Turkish cities —Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Gaziantep, Istanbul, Izmir, and Konya— through their posts on the social media platform X during the March 2024 election campaign. The goal is to assess candidates’ climate awareness and the extent to which they communicate these policies publicly. A content analysis of 6,048 posts reveals that while candidates highlighted urban planning, disaster management, waste management, and stray animals in their environmental posts, climate policies received minimal attention. This situation indicates that policies to combat climate change are not being prioritized as a key issue at the local government level in Turkey.
Anahtar Kelimeler
municipality climate policy 2024 local elections X platform social media
Kaynakça
- Akçakaya, O. (2016). Kentsel sürdürülebilirliğin uygulanması ve ölçülmesi bağlamında yerel yönetimlerin fonksiyonu. Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(4), 47-64.
- Batuhan, T. (2022). 2018 genel seçimleri siyasi parti beyannamelerinde kentleşme ve çevre politikaları. Şehir ve Medeniyet Dergisi, 8(17), 474-501.
- Botzen, W., Duijndam, S., & van Beukering, P. (2021). Lessons for climate policy from behavioral biases towards COVID-19 and climate change risks. World Development (137).
- Bulkeley, H., & Betsill, M. M. (2003). Cities and climate change: Urban sustainability and global environmental governance. Routledge.
- C40 Cities. (2016). Good practice guide. Retrieved from https://www.c40.org/good-practice-guides/
- Çaltı, N., & Somuncu, M. (2019). İklim değişikliğinin Türkiye’de tarım üzerindeki etkisi ve çiftçilerin iklim değişikliğine yönelik tutumları. B. Gönençgil, T. A. Ertek, I. Akova ve E. Elbasi (Eds.), 1st İstanbul International Geography Congress Proceedings Book (pp. 890-912). Türkiye: İstanbul University Press. https://doi.org/10.26650/PB/PS12.2019.002.084
- Delta Programme. (2020). Delta Programme 2020: Continuing the work on the delta. Adaptation to climate change in the Netherlands. Retrieved from https://english.deltaprogramma.nl/documents/publications/2019/09/17/dp2020-en-printversie
- Demirtaş, B. (2016). Türkiye’de yerel yönetimlerin dış ilişkilerinin analizi: Merkez-çevre etkileşimini yeniden düşünmek. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 13(52), 151-173.
- Dietz, T., Gardner, G., Gilligan, J., Stern, P., & Vendenberg, M. (2009). Household actions can provide a behavioral wedge to rapidly reduce US carbon emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(44).
- European Environment Agency (EEA). (2019). Climate change impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016: An indicator-based report. https://www.eea.europa.eu
- ------------------------------------------------ (2024). Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-impacts-risks-and-adaptation#:~:text=Some%20communities%20and%20regions%20are,fatalities%20were%20due%20to%20heatwaves.-
- European Greens. (2018). The green campaign outline: European elections 2019. https://europeangreens.eu/resolutions/greencampaign-outline-european-elections-2019/
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2023). The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security. https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1186350/
- Fekete, H., Kuramochi , T., Roelfsema, M., Felzen, M., Forsell , N., Höhne , N., & Gusti, M. (2021). A review of successful climate change mitigation policies in major emitting economies and the potential of global replication. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 137.
- Fryd, O., Pauleit, S., & Bühler, O. (2011). The role of urban green space and trees in relation to climate change. CABI Reviews, 1-18.
- Gedikli, B., & Balaban, O. (2017). An evaluation of local policies and actions that address climate change in Turkish metropolitan cities. European Planning Studies, 26(3), 458-479.
- Giorgi, F. (2006). Climate change hot-spots. Geophysical Research Letters, 8(33), 1-4.
- Giorgi, F., & Lionella, P. (2008). Climate change projections for the Mediterranean region. Global and Planetary Change, 63(2-3), 90-104.
- Haines, A., Smith, K., Anderson, D., Epstein, P., McMichael, A., Roberts, I., . . . Woods, J. (2007). Policies for accelerating access to clean energy, improving health, advancing development, and mitigating climate change. The Lancet, 370(9594), 1264-1281.
- Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., J., A., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., & ... & Hatziolos, M. E. (2007). Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science, 318(5857), 1737-1742.
- ICLEI. (2015, April 8-12). ICLEI World Congress 2015 | Seoul, Republic of Korea. Retrieved from https://worldcongress.iclei.org/past/2015/?_gl=1*e5wuel*_ga*MTcyNDA0NDE0LjE3MjM5MzA3OTk.*_ga_MYJQ7ZV11V*MTczMjQ4NjUwMy4yLjEuMTczMjQ4NjU0My4yMC4wLjgwMzU1MDU1NQ.
- International Energy Agency (IEA). (2011). Key world energy statistics 2011. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/key-world-energy-statistics-2011_key_energ_stat-2011-en.html
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups i, ii and iii to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
- İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (2023). İstanbul sürdürülebilir enerji ve iklim eylem planı 2023. Retrieved from https://cevre.ibb.İstanbul/iklim-degisikligi-sube-mudurlugu/İstanbul-surdurulebilir-enerji-ve-iklim-eylem-plani-yayinlandi/
- Kelebek, M., Batıdeniz, F., & Önol, B. (2021). Exposure assessment of climate extremes over the Europe-Mediterranean region. Atmosphere, 12(5), 633.
- Kern, K. (2019). Cities as leaders in EU multilevel climate governance: Embedded upscaling of local experiments in Europe. Environmental Politics, 28(1), 125-145.
- Kuhns, R., & Shaw, G. (2018). Coal and Natural Gas. R. Kuhns, & G. Shaw (Eds.), Navigating the energy maze. Springer.
- Landis, J., & Koch, G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174.
- Ministry of Environment. (2019). Türkiye iklim değişikliği stratejisi (2010-2023). Retrieved from https://cevresehiriklimkutuphanesi.csb.gov.tr/ShowPDF/5ac6ed13-599a-471c-8faa-26e7c7440981
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (no date). Evidence. Retrieved from https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/evidence/
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2024). Climate change impacts. https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/climate/climate-change-impacts
- Olabi, A., & Abdelkareem, M. (2022). Renewable energy and climate change. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 158.
- Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Hammer, S., & Mehrotra, S. (2011). Climate change and cities: First assessment report of the urban climate change research network. C. Rosenzweig, W. D. Solecki, S. A. Hammer, & S. Mehrotra (Eds.), Climate Change and Cities. Cambridge University Press.
- Singh, J., Laurenti, R., Sinha, R., & Frostell, B. (2014). Progress and challenges to the global waste management system. Waste Management & Research, 32(9), 800-812.
- Spano, D., Armiento, M., Aslam, M., Bacciu, V., Bigano, A., Bosello, F. (2021). G20 climate risk atlas: Impacts, policy and economics in the G20. CMCC Foundation.
- Şen, Z. (2022). İklim değişikliği ve Türkiye. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(1), 1-19.
- Tian, Z., Cao, G., Shi, J., McCallum, I., Cui, L., Fan, D., & Li, X. (2012). Urban transformation of a metropolis and its environmental impacts. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19, 1364–1374.
- Tong, S., & Ebi, K. (2019). Preventing and mitigating health risks of climate change. Environmental Research, 174, 9-13.
- Turan, C., Erguden, D., & Gürlek, M. (2016). Climate Change and Biodiversity Effects in Turkish Seas. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 1(2), 15-24.
- Türkiye’de Sosyal Medya. (2024). Speed Medya. Retrieved February 15, 2025, from https://www.speedmedya.com
- United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). (2023). North and West Africa expert group meeting on “Transition towards renewable resources for energy and food security in North and West Africa”. Retrieved from https://www.uneca.org/eca-events/egm-na-wa-energy-food-security-2023
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2015). The Paris agreement. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
- World Bank. (2018). Groundswell: Preparing for internal climate migration. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2018/03/19/groundswell---preparing-for-internal-climate-migration
- World Bank Group. (2023). Urban development. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview#:~:text=Today%2C%20some%2056%25%20of%20the,people%20will%20live%20in%20cities
- Yıldırım , A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çevresel İletişim |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 29 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Ocak 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 28 Mart 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Sayı: 15 |
Kaynak Göster
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.