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Kedi ve köpeklerin kalça eklemi: anatomi ve biyomekanik, kırıklar ve tedavi yöntemleri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 96 Sayı: 2, 179 - 195, 15.06.2025

Merve Bakıcı , Barış Kürüm

https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.1594519

Öz

Kedi ve köpeklerde kalça eklemini oluşturan proksimal femur ve acetabulum kırıkları, genellikle yüksek enerjili travmalar sonucu oluşan ciddi yaralanmalardır. Bu yaralanmalara genellikle eş zamanlı ortopedik hasarlar eşlik eder ve anatomik konumları gereği intrapelvik organ hasarları ile de karşılaşılabilir. Eklem içi kırıklarda osteoartrit ve kronik ağrı gibi uzun vadeli komplikasyonlar oluşabileceği için konservatif sağaltımdan ziyade cerrahi sağaltım önerilir. Cerrahi sağaltımın primer hedefleri, ekstremite fonksiyonunu geri kazandırmak, tam anatomik redüksiyon elde etmek ve olumsuz sonuçları en aza indirmek için kırık fragmentlerinin mümkün olan en kısa sürede rijit bir şekilde sabitlenmesini sağlamaktır. Genç hayvanlarda, proksimal femurun vasküler beslemenin ve büyüme plakalarının korunması cerrahi planlamada kritik faktörlerdir. Acetabular kırıklar için, bölgeye etki eden biyomekanik kuvvetlerin anlaşılması, uygun implant seçimi ve etkili stabilizasyon için esastır. Aynı derecede önemli olan, implantların kendi avantajları ve sınırlamaları dahil olmak üzere, biyomekanik özelliklerinin derinlemesine bilinmesidir. Bu anlayış, implant seçimini ve postoperatif sonuçları doğrudan etkiler. Proksimal femurun vasküler anatomisinin ve acetabuluma yakın mesafede bulunan siyatik sinirin lokalizasyonunun ayrıntılı bilgisi, iatrojenik komplikasyonları en aza indirmek ve optimum cerrahi yaklaşımı sağlamak için zorunludur. Travmatik kırıkları altta yatan patolojik durumlardan ayırt etmek, tanı sürecinde kritik öneme sahiptir. Önceden var olan bozuklukların doğru bir şekilde tanımlanması, yalnızca cerrahi yaklaşımın planlanmasına yardımcı olmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda olası postoperatif komplikasyonların daha iyi tahmin edilmesine ve yönetilmesine de olanak tanır. Bu derlemenin amacı, kedi ve köpeklerde proksimal femur ve acetabular kırıklarının cerrahi tedavisinde güncel prensipler ve değerlendirmeler hakkında kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmak ve başarılı sonuçlar için biyomekanik ve anatomik bilginin bütünleştirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acetabular kırık Kalça eklemi Proksimal femur kırığı

Kaynakça

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  • Graville TC, Gambino JM, Syrcle JA. Physeal acetabular fracture in a dog treated with external fixation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2018;54(6):546-55.
  • Langley-Hobbs SJ, Sissener TR, Shales CJ. Tension band stabilisation of acetabular physeal fractures in four kittens. J Feline Med Surg. 2007;9(3):177-87.
  • Guiot LP, Dejardin DM. Fractures of femur. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM, editors. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018. p. 1019-45.
  • Simpson DJ, Lewis DD. Fractures of the femur. In: Slatter D, editor. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2003. p. 2059-89.
  • Smith RN. Fusion of ossification centres in the cat. J Small Anim Pract. 1969;10(9):523-30.
  • Dirsko JF, DeCamp CE. The epiphyseal plate: physiology, anatomy, and trauma. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2009;31(8):E1-11.
  • Bassett FH, Wilson JW, Allen BL, Azuma H. Normal vascular anatomy of the head of the femur in puppies with emphasis on the inferior retinacular vessels. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1969;51(6):1139-53.
  • Newton AL, Craig LE. Multicentric physeal dysplasia in two cats. Vet Pathol. 2006;43(3):388-90.
  • Lafuente P. Young, male neutered, obese, lame?: Non-traumatic fractures of the femoral head and neck. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13(7):498-507.
  • Pohlmeyer K. Arteries of the articulatio coxae and the proximal end of the femur in cats. Anat Histol Embryol. 1981;10(3):246-56.
  • Buttlerworth SJ, Gribben S, Skerry TM, Denny HR, Barr ARS, Gregory SP. Conservative and surgical treatment of canine acetabular fractures: a review of 34 cases. J Small Anim Pract. 1994;35(3):139-43.
  • Roberts VJ, Meeson RL. Feline femoral fracture fixation. What are the options? J Feline Med Surg. 2022;24(5):442-63.
  • Meeson RL, Geddes AT. Management and long term outcome of pelvic fractures: a retrospective study of 43 cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2017;19(1):36-41.
  • Bookbinder PE, Flanders JA. Characteristics of pelvic fracture in the cat. A 10 year retrospective study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 1992;5(3):122-7.
  • Matis U. Fractures of acetabulum. In: Johnson AL, Houlton JEF, Vannini R, editors. AO Principles of Fracture Management in the Dog and Cat. Germany: Thieme; 2005. p. 178-91.
  • Messmer M, Montavon PV. Pelvic fractures in the dog and cat: a classification system and review of 556 cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2004;17(4):167-73.
  • Hill FW. A survey of bone fractures in the cat. J Small Anim Pract. 1977;18(7):457-63.
  • Pluhar GE. Acetabular fractures. World Veterinary Orthopaedic Congress (WCOV); 2010 Sep 15-18; Bologna, Italy.
  • Wendelburg K, Dee J, Kaderly R, Dee L, Eaton-Wells R. Stress fractures of the acetabulum in 26 racing greyhounds. Vet Surg. 1988;17(3):128-34.
  • Perez-Aparicio FJ, Field TO. Femoral neck fractures and capital epiphyseal separations in cats. J Small Anim Pract. 1993;34(9):445-9.
  • Kalis RH, Liska WD, Jankovits DA. Total hip replacement as a treatment option for capital physeal fractures in dogs and cats. Vet Surg. 2012;41(1):148-55.
  • Moores AP, Owen MR, Fews D, Coe RJ, Brown PJ, Buttlerworth SJ. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2004;45(12):602-8.
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  • McNicholas WT, Wilkens BE, Blevins WE, Snyder PW, McCabe GP, Applewhite AA, et al. Spontaneous femoral capital physeal fractures in adult cats: 26 cases (1996-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;221(12):1731-6.
  • May C, Bennet D, Downham DY. Delayed physeal closure associated with castration in cats. J Small Anim Pract. 1991;32:326-8.
  • Burke J. Physeal dysplasia with slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a cat. Can Vet J. 2003;44(3):238-9.
  • Loder RT, Aronsson DD, Weinstein SL, Breur GJ, Ganz R, Leunig M. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(8):1170-88.
  • Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, Shille VM, Lane TJ. Effects of prepubertal gonadectomy on physical and behavioral development in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996;209(1):1864-71.
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  • Kancbuk ML, Bachus RC, Calvert CC, Morris JG, Rogers QR. Weight gain in gonadectomized normal and lipoprotein lipase-deficient male domestic cats results from increased food intake and not decreased energy expenditure. J Nutr. 2003;133(6):1866-74.
  • Mitsubashi Y, Chamberlin AJ, Bigley KE, Bauer JE. Maintenance energy requirement determination of cats after spaying. Br J Nutr. 2011;106(1):135-8.
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Hip joint of cats and dogs: anatomy and biomechanics, fractures and treatment methods

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 96 Sayı: 2, 179 - 195, 15.06.2025

Merve Bakıcı , Barış Kürüm

https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.1594519

Öz

Fractures of the proximal femur and acetabulum, which together constitute the hip joint in cats and dogs, are typically severe injuries resulting from high-energy trauma. These injuries are often accompanied by concomitant orthopedic damage and, due to their anatomical location, intrapelvic organ damage may also be encountered. Surgical treatment is recommended rather than conservative treatment because long-term complications such as osteoarthritis and chronic pain may occur in intra-articular fractures. The primary objectives of surgical management are to restore extremity function, achieve precise anatomical reduction, and ensure rigid fixation of the fracture fragments within the shortest possible timeframe to minimize the risk of adverse outcomes. In young animals, preservation of the vascular supply to the proximal femur and protection of the growth plates are critical factors in surgical planning. For acetabular fractures, an understanding of the biomechanical forces acting on the region is essential for appropriate implant selection and effective stabilization. Equally important is an in-depth knowledge of the biomechanical characteristics of the implants themselves, including their respective advantages and limitations. This understanding directly influences implant choice and postoperative outcomes. Detailed knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the proximal femur, as well as the localization of the sciatic nerve, which lies in close proximity to the acetabulum, is imperative to minimize iatrogenic complications and ensure optimal surgical approach. Differentiating traumatic fractures from underlying pathological conditions is critical in the diagnostic process. Accurate identification of pre-existing disorders not only aids in planning the surgical approach but also allows for better prediction and management of potential postoperative complications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current principles and considerations in the surgical management of proximal femur and acetabular fractures in cats and dogs, emphasizing the integration of biomechanical, and anatomical knowledge for successful outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acetabular fracture Hip joint Proksimal femoral fracture

Kaynakça

  • Hermanson JW, Lahunta A, Evans HE. Miller and Evans’ Anatomy of the Dog. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders, Elsevier; 2020.
  • Montavon PM, Voss K, Langley-Hobbs SJ. Hip joint. In: Montavon PM, Voss K, Langley-Hobbs SJ, editors. Feline Orthopedic Surgery and Muscoskeletal Disease. 1st ed. St. Louis: Saunders, Elsevier; 2009. p. 443-54.
  • Graville TC, Gambino JM, Syrcle JA. Physeal acetabular fracture in a dog treated with external fixation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2018;54(6):546-55.
  • Langley-Hobbs SJ, Sissener TR, Shales CJ. Tension band stabilisation of acetabular physeal fractures in four kittens. J Feline Med Surg. 2007;9(3):177-87.
  • Guiot LP, Dejardin DM. Fractures of femur. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM, editors. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018. p. 1019-45.
  • Simpson DJ, Lewis DD. Fractures of the femur. In: Slatter D, editor. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2003. p. 2059-89.
  • Smith RN. Fusion of ossification centres in the cat. J Small Anim Pract. 1969;10(9):523-30.
  • Dirsko JF, DeCamp CE. The epiphyseal plate: physiology, anatomy, and trauma. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2009;31(8):E1-11.
  • Bassett FH, Wilson JW, Allen BL, Azuma H. Normal vascular anatomy of the head of the femur in puppies with emphasis on the inferior retinacular vessels. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1969;51(6):1139-53.
  • Newton AL, Craig LE. Multicentric physeal dysplasia in two cats. Vet Pathol. 2006;43(3):388-90.
  • Lafuente P. Young, male neutered, obese, lame?: Non-traumatic fractures of the femoral head and neck. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13(7):498-507.
  • Pohlmeyer K. Arteries of the articulatio coxae and the proximal end of the femur in cats. Anat Histol Embryol. 1981;10(3):246-56.
  • Buttlerworth SJ, Gribben S, Skerry TM, Denny HR, Barr ARS, Gregory SP. Conservative and surgical treatment of canine acetabular fractures: a review of 34 cases. J Small Anim Pract. 1994;35(3):139-43.
  • Roberts VJ, Meeson RL. Feline femoral fracture fixation. What are the options? J Feline Med Surg. 2022;24(5):442-63.
  • Meeson RL, Geddes AT. Management and long term outcome of pelvic fractures: a retrospective study of 43 cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2017;19(1):36-41.
  • Bookbinder PE, Flanders JA. Characteristics of pelvic fracture in the cat. A 10 year retrospective study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 1992;5(3):122-7.
  • Matis U. Fractures of acetabulum. In: Johnson AL, Houlton JEF, Vannini R, editors. AO Principles of Fracture Management in the Dog and Cat. Germany: Thieme; 2005. p. 178-91.
  • Messmer M, Montavon PV. Pelvic fractures in the dog and cat: a classification system and review of 556 cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2004;17(4):167-73.
  • Hill FW. A survey of bone fractures in the cat. J Small Anim Pract. 1977;18(7):457-63.
  • Pluhar GE. Acetabular fractures. World Veterinary Orthopaedic Congress (WCOV); 2010 Sep 15-18; Bologna, Italy.
  • Wendelburg K, Dee J, Kaderly R, Dee L, Eaton-Wells R. Stress fractures of the acetabulum in 26 racing greyhounds. Vet Surg. 1988;17(3):128-34.
  • Perez-Aparicio FJ, Field TO. Femoral neck fractures and capital epiphyseal separations in cats. J Small Anim Pract. 1993;34(9):445-9.
  • Kalis RH, Liska WD, Jankovits DA. Total hip replacement as a treatment option for capital physeal fractures in dogs and cats. Vet Surg. 2012;41(1):148-55.
  • Moores AP, Owen MR, Fews D, Coe RJ, Brown PJ, Buttlerworth SJ. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2004;45(12):602-8.
  • Craig LE. Physeal dysplasia with slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 13 cats. Vet Pathol. 2001;38(1):92-7.
  • McNicholas WT, Wilkens BE, Blevins WE, Snyder PW, McCabe GP, Applewhite AA, et al. Spontaneous femoral capital physeal fractures in adult cats: 26 cases (1996-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;221(12):1731-6.
  • May C, Bennet D, Downham DY. Delayed physeal closure associated with castration in cats. J Small Anim Pract. 1991;32:326-8.
  • Burke J. Physeal dysplasia with slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a cat. Can Vet J. 2003;44(3):238-9.
  • Loder RT, Aronsson DD, Weinstein SL, Breur GJ, Ganz R, Leunig M. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(8):1170-88.
  • Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, Shille VM, Lane TJ. Effects of prepubertal gonadectomy on physical and behavioral development in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996;209(1):1864-71.
  • Queen J, Bennet D, Carmichael S, Gibson N, Li A, Payne-Johnson CE, et al. Femoral neck metaphyseal osteopathy in the cat. Vet Rec. 1998;142(7):159-62.
  • Kancbuk ML, Bachus RC, Calvert CC, Morris JG, Rogers QR. Weight gain in gonadectomized normal and lipoprotein lipase-deficient male domestic cats results from increased food intake and not decreased energy expenditure. J Nutr. 2003;133(6):1866-74.
  • Mitsubashi Y, Chamberlin AJ, Bigley KE, Bauer JE. Maintenance energy requirement determination of cats after spaying. Br J Nutr. 2011;106(1):135-8.
  • Micheli LJ, Nielson JH. Overuse injuries in the young athlete. In: Hebestreit H, Bar-Or O, editors. The young athlete. America: Blackwell; 2007. p. 151-61.
  • Prieur WD. Coxarthrosis in the dog part 1: normal and abnormal biomechanics of the hip joint. Vet Surg. 1980;9(4):145-9.
  • Dyce J, Houlton JEF. Use of reconstruction plates for repair of acetabular fractures in 16 dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 1993;34(11):547-53.
  • Innes J, Butterworth S. Decision making in the treatment of pelvic fractures in small animals. In Pract. 1996;18(5):215-21.
  • Miller A. Decision making in the management of pelvic fractures in small animals. In Pract. 2002;24(2):54-61.
  • Moores AL, Moores AP, Brodbelt DC, Owen MR, Draper E. Regional load bearing of the canine acetabulum. J Biomech. 2007;40(16):3732-7.
  • Beck AL, Pead MJ, Draper E. Regional load bearing of the feline acetabulum. J Biomech. 2005;38(3):427-32.
  • Corr S. Management of pelvic trauma neurological damage, urinary tract disruption and pelvic fractures. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13:347-61.
  • Gao Y, Zhu Z, Chen S, Cheng X, Jin D, Zhang C. Injury to surgery does not affect the occurrence of osteonecrosis of femoral head: A prospective study in canine model of femoral neck fractures. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18(7):259-64.
  • Damany DS, Parker MJ, Chojnowski A. Complications after intracapsular hip fractures in young adults: a meta-analysis of 18 published studies involving 564 fractures. Injury. 2005;36(1):131-41.
  • Nikolopoulos KE, Papadakis SA, Kateros KT, Themistocleous GS, Vlamis JA, Papagelopoulos PJ, et al. Long term outcome of patients with avascular necrosis after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. Injury. 2003;34(7):525-8.
  • Dennis R, Kirberger RM, Barr F, Wrigley RH. Appendicular skeleton. In: Dennis R, Kirberger RM, Barr F, Wrigley RH, editors. Handbook of small animal radiology and ultrasound; techniques and differential diagnoses. Toronto: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010. p. 67-71.
  • DeCamp CE, Johnston SA, Dejardin LM, Schaefer SL. Fractures of the femur and patella. In: DeCamp CE, Johnston SA, Dejardin LM, Schaefer SL, editors. Brinker, Piermattei and Flo’s handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2016. p. 437-67.
  • Johnson JM, Johnson AL, Eurell JC. Histologic appearance of naturally occurring canine physeal fractures. Vet Surg. 1994;23(2):81-6.
  • Ly TV, Swiontkowski MF. Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. Instr Course Lect. 2009;58:69-81.
  • Varshney MK, Kumar A, Khan SA, Rastogi S. Functional and radiological outcome after delayed fixation of femoral neck fractures in pediatric patients. J Orthop Traumatol. 2009;10(4):211-6.
  • Orosz GM, Magaziner J, Hannan EL, Morrison RS, Koval K, Gilbert M, et al. Association of timing of surgery for hip fracture and patient outcomes. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1738-43.
  • Hoffberg JE, Koenigshof AM, Guilot LP. Retrospective evaluation of concurrent intra-abdominal injuries in dogs with traumatic pelvic fractures: 83 cases (2008-2013). J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2016;26(2):288-94.
  • Yıldırım Y, Bautista S, Davidson R. Cerrahi tedavi uygulanmış femur başı epifiz kaymasında kayma derecesi ve kronik veya akut olmasının avasküler nekroz gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2007;41(2):97-103.
  • Flores JA, Rovesti GL, Rodriguez-Quiros JA. Bilateral acetabular physeal fracture treated with external fixation in an immature cat. Animals (Basel). 2024;14(3):379.
  • Holstein JH, Culemann U, Pohlemann T. What are predictors of mortality in patients with pelvic fractures? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;470(8):2090-7.
  • Matta JM, Merritt PO. Displaced acetabular fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;230:83-97.
  • Piana F, Solano M, Kalff S, Yeadon R. Locking plate fixation for canine acetabular fractures. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2020;33(4):294-300.
  • Dalton CL, Kim SE, Biedrzycki KM. Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: ex vivo feasibility study and case report. Vet Surg. 2023;52(6):836-45.
  • Lewis DD, Stubbs WP, Neuwirth L, Bertrand SG, Parker RB, Stallings JT, et al. Results of screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate composite fixation for acetabular fracture repair in 14 dogs. Vet Surg. 1997;26(3):223-34.
  • Schrader SC. Pelvic osteotomy as a treatment for obstipation in cats with acquired stenosis of the pelvic canal: six cases (1978-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992;200(2):208-13.
  • Haine DL, Parsons K, Barthelemy N, Burton N, Langley-Hobbs SL. Outcome of surgical stabilization of acetabular fractures in 16 cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2019;21(6):520-8.
  • Lanz O. Lumbosacral and pelvic injuries. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2002;32(4):949-62.
  • Addison ES, Halfacree Z, Moore AH, Demetriou J, Parsons K, Tivers M. A retrospective analysis of urethral rupture in 63 cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2014;16(4):300-7.
  • Forterre F, Tomek A, Rytz U, Brunnberg L, Jaggy A, Spreng D. Iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury in eighteen dogs and nine cats (1997-2006). Vet Surg. 2007;36(5):464-71.
  • Anderson GM, Cross AR, Lewis DD, Lanz OI. The effect of plate luting on reduction accuracy and biomechanics of acetabular osteotomies stabilized with 2.7-mm reconstruction plates. Vet Surg. 2002;31(1):3-9.
  • Beaver DP, Lewis DD, Lanz OI, Madison JB, Kubilis PS. Evaluation of four interfragmentary Kirschner wire configurations as a component of screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate fixation for acetabular fractures in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2000;36(5):456-62.
  • Wheaton LG, Hohn RB, Harrison JW. Surgical treatment of acetabular fractures in dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1973;162(5):385-92.
  • Grand JG. Use of string-of-pearls locking implants for the stabilization of acetabular and supra-acetabular fractures in three dogs. Rev Vet Clin. 2016;51(1):35-41.
  • Amato NS, Richards A, Knight TA, Sprector D, Boudrieau RJ, Belkoff S. Ex vivo biomechanical comparison of the 2.4 mm uniLOCK reconstruction plate using 2.4 mm locking versus standard screws for fixation acetabular osteotomy in dogs. Vet Surg. 2008;37(8):741-8.
  • Egol KA, Kubiak EN, Fulkerson E, Kummer FJ, Koval KJ. Biomechanics of locked plates and screws. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18(8):488-93.
  • Roberts VJ, Parsons K, Sajik D, Meeson RL. Management and long-term outcome of acetabular fractures in dogs: a retrospective study of 49 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2021;34(5):352-8.
  • Ness M. The effect of bending and twisting on the stiffness and strength of the 3.5 SOP implant. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2009;22(2):132-6.
  • Malenfant RC. In vitro biomechanical comparison of 3.5 string-of pearl plate fixation to 3.5 locking compression plate fixation in a canine fracture gap model. Vet Surg. 2014;43(4):465-70.
  • Lanz OI, Lewis DD, Madison JB, Miller GJ, Martin DE. A biomechanical comparison of screw and wire fixation with and without polymethylmethacrylate reinforcement for acetabular osteotomy stabilization in dogs. Vet Surg. 1999;28(3):161-70.
  • Detora M, Kraus K. Mechanical testing of 3.5 mm locking and non-locking bone plates. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2008;21(4):318-22.
  • Blakely JA, Butler JR, Priddy LB, McCabe EM, Avendano JN, Elder SH, et al. Ex vivo biomechanical comparison of 2.7 mm string-of-pearl plate versus screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate composite fixation and 2.7 mm veterinary acetabular plate repair of simulated canine acetabular fractures. Vet Res. 2019;15(1):287.
  • Santos RR, Rahal SC, Neto CM, Ribeiro CR, Sousa EAC, Foschini CR, et al. Biomechanical analysis of locking reconstruction plate using mono- or bicortical screws. Mater Res. 2016;19(3):588-93.
  • Hardie RJ, Bertram JEA, Todhunter RJ. Biomechanical comparison of two plating techniques for fixation of acetabular osteotomies in dogs. Vet Surg. 1999;28(3):148-53.
  • Stubbs WP, Lewis DD, Miller GJ, Quarterman C, Hosgoof G. A biomechanical evaluation and assessment of the accuracy of reduction of two methods of acetabular osteotomy fixation in dogs. Vet Surg. 1998;27(5):429-37.
  • Moya KA, Kim SE, Guiot LP. Closed reduction and fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous pinning of femoral capital physeal or neck fractures: thirteen fractures in eleven dogs. Vet Surg. 2022;52(6):846-52.
  • Fischer HR, Norton J, Kobluk CN, Reed AN, Rooks RL, Borostyankoi F. Surgical reduction and stabilization for repair of femoral capital physeal fractures in cats: thirteen cases (1998-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;224(9):1478-82.
  • Heffernan M, Snyder B, Zhou H, Li X. Fluoroscopic imaging overestimates the screw tip to subchondral bone distance in a cadaveric model of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. J Child Orthop. 2017;11(1):36-41.
  • Gardner AW, Toh MZ, Yew KSA, Lie DTT, Chou SM. Cannulated versus non-cannulated cancellous screw fixation for femoral neck fractures: a synthetic bone biomechanical study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2015;23(1):41-6.
  • Off W, Matis U. Excision arthroplasty of the hip joint in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2010;23(10):297-305.
  • Guerrero TG, Koch D, Montavon PM. Fixation of a proximal femoral physeal fracture in a dog using a ventral approach and two Kirschner wires. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2005;18(2):110-4.
  • Piermattei DL, Johnson KA. The pelvis and hip joint. In: Piermattei KA, Johnson KA, editors. Piermattei’s atlas of surgical approaches to the bones and joints of the dog and cat. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2004. p. 306-9.
  • Johnson KA. The pelvis and hip joint. In: Johnson KA, editor. Piermattei’s atlas of surgical approaches to the bones and joints of the dog and cat. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2014. p. 311-65.
  • McCartney WT, Garvan CB. Repair of acetabular fractures in 20 dogs using a dorsal muscle separation approach. Vet Rec. 2007;160(24):842-4.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm ÇAĞRILI MAKALE / DERLEME
Yazarlar

Merve Bakıcı 0000-0001-8833-3499

Barış Kürüm 0000-0002-5559-7815

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 96 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Bakıcı M, Kürüm B. Hip joint of cats and dogs: anatomy and biomechanics, fractures and treatment methods. Vet Hekim Der Derg. 2025;96(2):179-95.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi açık erişimli bir dergi olup, derginin yayın modeli Budapeşte Erişim Girişimi (BOAI) bildirisine dayanmaktadır. Yayınlanan tüm içerik, çevrimiçi ve ücretsiz olarak sunulan Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı altında lisanslanmıştır. Yazarlar, Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi'nde yayınlanan eserlerinin telif haklarını saklı tutarlar.


Veteriner Hekimler Derneği / Turkish Veterinary Medical Society