The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy

Yaren Tokyürek; Ezgi Karadağ

Araştırma Makalesi

The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 173 - 191, 31.07.2025

Yaren Tokyürek , Ezgi Karadağ

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between body image perception, sexual life, and fatigue in patients with hematological malignancy.
Material-Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional research. This study was conducted with 176 patients treated in the Hematology Ward and Day Treatment Center of a University Hospital located in western Turkey between January 2020 and June 2022. The data were collected using the Patient Information Form, the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale, the Piper Fatigue Scale, and the Body-Cathexis Scale. The data were analyzed using percentage, Kruskal Wallis variance analysis, Mann Whitney-U test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency tests.
Results: It was found that 10.8% of the patients were informed about sexual life and very low rate (2.8%) of those who received information got this information from healthcare professionals. It was reported that 89.2% of the patients did not receive information about their sexual life after starting treatment, 52.8% stated that the process had an impact on their sexual life and 64.8% negatively affected their relationships with their spouses. The mean score of the patients from the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale was 20.84 ± 2.53, the mean total score from the Piper Fatigue Scale was 5.44 ± 0.60, and the mean score from the Body-Cathexis Scale was 103.61 ± 6.37.
Conclusion: A weak positive correlation was found between the Body-Cathexis Scale and the Piper Fatigue Scale’s behavioral, affective and cognitive subscales and total score(p<0.05). As the overall fatigue increased, satisfaction with body parts or functions declined (p<0.05).
Oncology nurses should be able to provide care to patients including their sexuality in a holistic approach instead of symptom-focused care. As a result of the research; no significant relationship was found between the total score of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale and the total score of the Piper Fatigue Scale (p>0.05). Similarly, no significant relationship was found between the total score of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale and the total score of the Body-Cathexis Scale (p>0.05). They should be aware of other variables (such as fatigue and body image perception) that may affect sexual life and should be approach oncology patients from this perspective.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hematology, Body image perception, Sexuality, Fatigue, Nursing

Kaynakça

1. American Cancer Society. Attitudes and Cancer. 2022.:Available from: https://www.cancer.org/ cancer/cancer-basics/attitudes-and-cancer.html [Accessed 5th March 2025].
2. Türkiye Kanser Dairesi Başkanlığı. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/ kanserdb/ Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_ 2018.pdf [Accessed 5th March 2025].
3. Şencan İ, İnce GN (eds.). Turkey Cancer Statistics. T.R. Ministry of Health, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, 2016.
4. Hughes MK. Sexuality and the cancer survivor. Cancer Nursing. 2000;23:477Y482.
5. Olsson C, Sandin-Bojö A K, Bjuresäter, K, Larsson M. Changes in Sexuality, Body Image and Health Related Quality of Life in Patients Treated for Hematologic Malignancies: A Longitudinal Study. Sexuality and disability, 2016;34(4):367-388.
6. Hughes MK. Alterations of sexual function in women with cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2008;24(2):91-101.
7. Babacan Gumus A, Cevik N, Hataf Hyusni S, Bicen S, Keskin G, Malak AT. Characteristics associated with self-esteem and body image in pregnancy. The Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011;5(1):7-14.
8. Benedict C, Philip EJ, Baser RE, Carter J, Schuler TA, Jandorf L. Body image and sexual function in women after treatment for anal and rectal cancer. Psycho Oncology. 2016;25:316-323.
9. Pehlivan S, Doğan D, Kahraman B, Özkalemkaş F. The Effect of Alopecia on Body Image and Self-Esteem in Patients with Acute Leukemia. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine. 2019;45(2):173-178.
10. Reis N. The Effect of Gynecological Cancer Treatments on Women's Sexual Health. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing. 2003;7(2):35-40.
11. Yaniv H. Sexuality in Cancer Patients. Oncology Nursing Association Postgraduate Education Course Book, Ankara. 2000. September 21-22
12. Terzioğlu F, Alan H. The effect of psychological problems experienced during gynecological cancer treatment on women's sexual life. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2015;18:140-147
13. World Health Organization. Developing Sexual Health Programmes. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/70501/WHO_RHR?sequence=1 [Accessed 11th September 2022].
14. Can G. Sexual health in cancer. Andrology Bulletin Nurse Working Group. 2004;19(1):355–356.
15. Kadkhodaian S, Hasanzade Mofrad M, Saghafi N, Mokhber N, Rafaati M. Evaluation of sexual dysfunction in women with ovarian cancer admitted to Ghaem and Omid hospitals in Mashhad. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2015;18(141):1–7.
16. Voznesensky M, MD, Annam K, Kreder KJ. Understanding and Managing Erectile Dysfunction in Patients Treated for Cancer. Journal of Oncology Practice. 2016;12(4):1-10.
17. Sadovsky R, Basson R, Krychman M, Morales AM, Schover L, Wang R. Cancer and Sexual Problems. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2010;7(1):349-373.
18. Thygesen KH, Schjødt I, Jarden M. The impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on sexuality: a systematic review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2012;47(5):716-724.
19. Catamero D, Noonan K, Richards T et al. Distress, Fatigue, and Sexuality: Understanding and Treating Concerns and Symptoms in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2017;21(5 Suppl):7-18.
20. Ljungman L, Ahlgren J, Petersson LM et al. Sexual dysfunction and reproductive concerns in young women with breast cancer: Type, prevalence, and predictors of problems. Psycho‐Oncology. 2018;27(12):2770-2777.
21. Berger AM, Mooney K, Alvarez-Perez A. Cancer-Related Fatigue, Version 2. 2015. Journal of The National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2015;13(8):1012-1039.
22. Savina S, Zaydiner B. Cancer-Related Fatigue: Some Clinical Aspects. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;6(1):7-9.
23. Özkan M, Akın S. Evaluation of the Effect of Fatigue on Functional Quality of Life in Cancer Patients. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. 2017;25(3):177-192.
24. Saglio G, Kim D-W, Issaragrisil S, le Coutre P, Etienne G. Nilotinib versus Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362(24):225-2259.
25. Suzuki K, Kobayashi N, Ogasawara Y. Clinical significance of cancer-related fatigue in multiple myeloma patients. International Journal of Hematology. 2018;108(6):580-587.
26. Çelik M, Uğur Ö, Karadağ E. Relationship between hope and fatigue levels in cancer patients. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine. 2021;4(6):858-864.
27. Haboubi NHJ, Lincoln N. Views of health professionals on discussing sexual issues with patients. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2003;25(6):291-296.
28. Pınar G. Nursing approaches to sexual dysfunction and counseling in patients receiving cancer treatment. Gulhane Medical Journal 2010;52(4):241-247.
29. Hordern AJ, Street AF. Communicating about patient sexuality and intimacy after cancer: mismatched expectations and unmet needs. Med J Aust. 2007;186(5):224-227.
30. Hautamäki-Lamminen K, Lipiäinen L, Beaver K, Lehto J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Identifying cancer patients with greater need for information about sexual issues. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2013;17(1):9–15.
31. Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982;5(6):649-655.
32. McGahuey CA, Delgado LP, Geleberg AJ. Assessment of sexual dysfunction using the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and implications for the treatment of depression. Psychiatric Annals. 1999;29(1):39–45.
33. Çiftçi B, Biri A, Erdem A, Himmetoğlu Ö, Yıldırım M. Effects of Raloxifene Use on Sexual Function. Turkish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Post-Specialty Education and Current Development Journal. 2005;2:103-106.
34. Soykan A. The reliability and validity of Arizona sexual experiences scale in Turkish ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2004;16(6):531-534
35. Piper B.F, Dibble S.L, Dodd M.J, Weiss M.C, Slaughter R.E, Paul S.M. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: Psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum. 1998;25(4):677-684.
36. Can G. Evaluation of fatigue and care needs in patients with breast cancer [Doctoral Thesis]. Istanbul University Institute of Health Sciences. 2001. Istanbul
37. Hovardaoğlu, S. Body image scale. Journal of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology (3P). 1992;1(1):11–26.
38. Üstündağ M.F, Özcan H, Yazla E, Kıvrak Y, Aydın E.F, Yılmaz M. Anxiety and depression symptoms, self-esteem and body image among patients with gynecological cancers: a cross-sectional study. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017;7(3):214-219.
39. Dinçer Y, Oskay Ü. Cancer and sexuality (Review). Androloji Bülteni. 2015;17(63):311-31.
40. Burger JA, Tedeschi A, Barr PM et al, RESONATE-2 Investigators. Ibrutinib as Initial Therapy for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2015; 17;373(25):2425-37.
41. Olsson C, Athlin E, Sandin-Bojö AK, Larsson M. Sexuality is not a priority when disease and treatment side effects are severe: conceptions of patients with malignant blood diseases. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013;22(23-24), 3503–3512.
42. Cecil R, McCaughan E, Parahoo K. It's hard to take because I am a man's man': an ethnographic exploration of cancer and masculinity. Eur J Cancer Care 2010;19(4):501–509.
43. Sexuality and Sexual health in nursing practice: Royal College of Nursing. Available from: www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/184585/000965.pdf. [Accessed 24 th May 2021]
44. Gültürk E, Akpınar A, Şen ŞR, Balcı H. Evaluation of sexuality: Nurses' attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. Istanbul Bilim University Florence Nightingale Medical Journal. 2018;4(1):63-70.
45. Güdül Öz H, Ak Sözer G, Balcı Yangın H. Nursing students' beliefs in sexual myths and affecting factors. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies. 2020;3(2):136-145
46. Ljungman L, Ahlgren J, Petersson LM et al. Sexual dysfunction and reproductive concerns in young women with breast cancer: Type, prevalence, and predictors of problems. Psycho‐Oncology. 2018;27(12):2770-2777.
47. Karacan Y, Hicran D.R, Demircioğlu B, Ridvan A. Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2020;8(1):51-57.
48. Gheyasi F, Baraz S, Malehi A, Ahmadzadeh A, Salehi R, Vaismoradi M. Effect of the Walking Exercise Program on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Chemotherapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2019;20(6):1661–1666.
49. Noerskov K.H, Schjødt I, K.L Syrjala J.M. Sexual function 1-year after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016;51(6):833–40.
50. Dimeo F, Schmittel A, Fietz T, Schwartz S, Köhler P, Böning D, Thiel E. Physical performance, depression, immune status and fatigue in patients with hematological malignancies after treatment. Annals of Oncology. 2004;15(8):1237-1242.
51. Howell SJ, Radford JA, Ryder WD, Shalet SM. Testicular function after cytotoxic chemotherapy: evidence of Leydig cell insufficiency. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1999;17(5):1493-1498.
52. Yi JC, Syrjala KL. Sexuality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer J (Sudbury, Mass.) 2009;15:57-64.
53. Acquati C, Zebrack B.J, Faul AC. Sexual functioning among young adult cancer patients: A 2-year longitudinal study. Cancer. 2018;124(2):398-405.
54. Morrow G.R, Shelke A.R, Roscoe J.A, Hickok J.T, Mustian K. Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue. Cancer Investigation. 2005;23(3):229–239.
55. Malary M, Pourasghar M, Khani S, Moosazadeh M, Hamzehgardeshi Z. Psychometric properties of the sexual interest and desire inventory-female for diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder: The persian version. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;11(4): 262-8.
56. Wettergren L, Kent EE, Mitchell SA, Zebrack B ve ark. Cancer negatively impacts on sexual function in adolescents and young adults: The AYA HOPE study. Psycho-Oncology. 2016; 26(10), 1632–1639.

Hematolojik Maligniteli Hastalarda Beden Algısı, Cinsel Yaşam ve Yorgunluk Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 173 - 191, 31.07.2025

Yaren Tokyürek , Ezgi Karadağ

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, hematolojik maligniteli hastalarda beden algısı, cinsel yaşam ve yorgunluk arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç- Yöntem: Bu, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte bir araştırmadır. Bu çalışma, Ocak 2020- Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan bir Üniversite Hastanesi Hematoloji Servisi ve Gündüz Tedavi Merkezi’nde tedavi gören 176 hasta ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri; Hasta Tanıtım Formu, Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği, Piper Yorgunluk Ölçeği ve Vücut Algısı Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde yüzdelik, Kruskall Wallis Varyans analizi, Mann Whitney-U testi, pearson korelasyon analizi ve cronbach alpha iç tutarlılık testleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hastaların %10,8’inin cinsel yaşama ilişkin bilgi aldığı, bilgi alanların ise çok düşük oranda (%2,8’inin) sağlık profesyonellerinden bilgi aldığı saptanmıştır. Hastaların %89,2’sinin tedaviye başladıktan sonra cinsel yaşama ilişkin bilgi almadıkları %52,8’inin yaşanılan sürecin cinsel yaşamlarına etkisi olduğunu ve eşleri ile olan ilişkilerini %64.8 oranında olumsuz etkilediğini ifade etmiştir. Hastaların Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği’nden aldıkları puanların ortalaması 20.84 ± 2.53, Piper Yorgunluk Ölçeği’nden aldıkları toplam puanların ortalaması 5.44 ± 0.60 ve Vücut Algısı Ölçeği’nden aldıkları puanların ortalaması ise 103.61 ± 6.37 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada; Vücut Algısı Ölçeği ile Piper Yorgunluk Ölçeği’nin davranışsal, duygulanım ve bilişsel alt boyutları ve toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Genel yorgunluk arttıkça vücut bölümlerinden ya da işlevlerinden duyulan memnuniyet azalmaktadır (p<0.05). Araştırma sonucunda; Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Piper Yorgunluk Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır(p>0.05). Benzer şekilde, Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Vücut Algısı Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında da anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır(p>0.05). Onkoloji hemşirelerinin hastalara semptom odaklı bakım yerine, bütüncül bakım kapsamında cinselliği de içine alan bir bakım verebilmeleri gerekmektedir. Cinsel yaşamı etkileyebilen diğer değişkenler (yorgunluk, beden algısı gibi) konusunda farkındalığının olması ve onkoloji hastalarına bu açıdan yaklaşabilmeleri gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hematoloji, Beden imajı algısı, Cinsellik, Yorgunluk, Hemşirelik

Kaynakça

1. American Cancer Society. Attitudes and Cancer. 2022.:Available from: https://www.cancer.org/ cancer/cancer-basics/attitudes-and-cancer.html [Accessed 5th March 2025].
2. Türkiye Kanser Dairesi Başkanlığı. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/ kanserdb/ Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_ 2018.pdf [Accessed 5th March 2025].
3. Şencan İ, İnce GN (eds.). Turkey Cancer Statistics. T.R. Ministry of Health, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, 2016.
4. Hughes MK. Sexuality and the cancer survivor. Cancer Nursing. 2000;23:477Y482.
5. Olsson C, Sandin-Bojö A K, Bjuresäter, K, Larsson M. Changes in Sexuality, Body Image and Health Related Quality of Life in Patients Treated for Hematologic Malignancies: A Longitudinal Study. Sexuality and disability, 2016;34(4):367-388.
6. Hughes MK. Alterations of sexual function in women with cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2008;24(2):91-101.
7. Babacan Gumus A, Cevik N, Hataf Hyusni S, Bicen S, Keskin G, Malak AT. Characteristics associated with self-esteem and body image in pregnancy. The Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011;5(1):7-14.
8. Benedict C, Philip EJ, Baser RE, Carter J, Schuler TA, Jandorf L. Body image and sexual function in women after treatment for anal and rectal cancer. Psycho Oncology. 2016;25:316-323.
9. Pehlivan S, Doğan D, Kahraman B, Özkalemkaş F. The Effect of Alopecia on Body Image and Self-Esteem in Patients with Acute Leukemia. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine. 2019;45(2):173-178.
10. Reis N. The Effect of Gynecological Cancer Treatments on Women's Sexual Health. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing. 2003;7(2):35-40.
11. Yaniv H. Sexuality in Cancer Patients. Oncology Nursing Association Postgraduate Education Course Book, Ankara. 2000. September 21-22
12. Terzioğlu F, Alan H. The effect of psychological problems experienced during gynecological cancer treatment on women's sexual life. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2015;18:140-147
13. World Health Organization. Developing Sexual Health Programmes. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/70501/WHO_RHR?sequence=1 [Accessed 11th September 2022].
14. Can G. Sexual health in cancer. Andrology Bulletin Nurse Working Group. 2004;19(1):355–356.
15. Kadkhodaian S, Hasanzade Mofrad M, Saghafi N, Mokhber N, Rafaati M. Evaluation of sexual dysfunction in women with ovarian cancer admitted to Ghaem and Omid hospitals in Mashhad. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2015;18(141):1–7.
16. Voznesensky M, MD, Annam K, Kreder KJ. Understanding and Managing Erectile Dysfunction in Patients Treated for Cancer. Journal of Oncology Practice. 2016;12(4):1-10.
17. Sadovsky R, Basson R, Krychman M, Morales AM, Schover L, Wang R. Cancer and Sexual Problems. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2010;7(1):349-373.
18. Thygesen KH, Schjødt I, Jarden M. The impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on sexuality: a systematic review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2012;47(5):716-724.
19. Catamero D, Noonan K, Richards T et al. Distress, Fatigue, and Sexuality: Understanding and Treating Concerns and Symptoms in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2017;21(5 Suppl):7-18.
20. Ljungman L, Ahlgren J, Petersson LM et al. Sexual dysfunction and reproductive concerns in young women with breast cancer: Type, prevalence, and predictors of problems. Psycho‐Oncology. 2018;27(12):2770-2777.
21. Berger AM, Mooney K, Alvarez-Perez A. Cancer-Related Fatigue, Version 2. 2015. Journal of The National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2015;13(8):1012-1039.
22. Savina S, Zaydiner B. Cancer-Related Fatigue: Some Clinical Aspects. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2018;6(1):7-9.
23. Özkan M, Akın S. Evaluation of the Effect of Fatigue on Functional Quality of Life in Cancer Patients. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. 2017;25(3):177-192.
24. Saglio G, Kim D-W, Issaragrisil S, le Coutre P, Etienne G. Nilotinib versus Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362(24):225-2259.
25. Suzuki K, Kobayashi N, Ogasawara Y. Clinical significance of cancer-related fatigue in multiple myeloma patients. International Journal of Hematology. 2018;108(6):580-587.
26. Çelik M, Uğur Ö, Karadağ E. Relationship between hope and fatigue levels in cancer patients. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine. 2021;4(6):858-864.
27. Haboubi NHJ, Lincoln N. Views of health professionals on discussing sexual issues with patients. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2003;25(6):291-296.
28. Pınar G. Nursing approaches to sexual dysfunction and counseling in patients receiving cancer treatment. Gulhane Medical Journal 2010;52(4):241-247.
29. Hordern AJ, Street AF. Communicating about patient sexuality and intimacy after cancer: mismatched expectations and unmet needs. Med J Aust. 2007;186(5):224-227.
30. Hautamäki-Lamminen K, Lipiäinen L, Beaver K, Lehto J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Identifying cancer patients with greater need for information about sexual issues. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2013;17(1):9–15.
31. Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982;5(6):649-655.
32. McGahuey CA, Delgado LP, Geleberg AJ. Assessment of sexual dysfunction using the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and implications for the treatment of depression. Psychiatric Annals. 1999;29(1):39–45.
33. Çiftçi B, Biri A, Erdem A, Himmetoğlu Ö, Yıldırım M. Effects of Raloxifene Use on Sexual Function. Turkish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Post-Specialty Education and Current Development Journal. 2005;2:103-106.
34. Soykan A. The reliability and validity of Arizona sexual experiences scale in Turkish ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2004;16(6):531-534
35. Piper B.F, Dibble S.L, Dodd M.J, Weiss M.C, Slaughter R.E, Paul S.M. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: Psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum. 1998;25(4):677-684.
36. Can G. Evaluation of fatigue and care needs in patients with breast cancer [Doctoral Thesis]. Istanbul University Institute of Health Sciences. 2001. Istanbul
37. Hovardaoğlu, S. Body image scale. Journal of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology (3P). 1992;1(1):11–26.
38. Üstündağ M.F, Özcan H, Yazla E, Kıvrak Y, Aydın E.F, Yılmaz M. Anxiety and depression symptoms, self-esteem and body image among patients with gynecological cancers: a cross-sectional study. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017;7(3):214-219.
39. Dinçer Y, Oskay Ü. Cancer and sexuality (Review). Androloji Bülteni. 2015;17(63):311-31.
40. Burger JA, Tedeschi A, Barr PM et al, RESONATE-2 Investigators. Ibrutinib as Initial Therapy for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2015; 17;373(25):2425-37.
41. Olsson C, Athlin E, Sandin-Bojö AK, Larsson M. Sexuality is not a priority when disease and treatment side effects are severe: conceptions of patients with malignant blood diseases. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013;22(23-24), 3503–3512.
42. Cecil R, McCaughan E, Parahoo K. It's hard to take because I am a man's man': an ethnographic exploration of cancer and masculinity. Eur J Cancer Care 2010;19(4):501–509.
43. Sexuality and Sexual health in nursing practice: Royal College of Nursing. Available from: www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/184585/000965.pdf. [Accessed 24 th May 2021]
44. Gültürk E, Akpınar A, Şen ŞR, Balcı H. Evaluation of sexuality: Nurses' attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. Istanbul Bilim University Florence Nightingale Medical Journal. 2018;4(1):63-70.
45. Güdül Öz H, Ak Sözer G, Balcı Yangın H. Nursing students' beliefs in sexual myths and affecting factors. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies. 2020;3(2):136-145
46. Ljungman L, Ahlgren J, Petersson LM et al. Sexual dysfunction and reproductive concerns in young women with breast cancer: Type, prevalence, and predictors of problems. Psycho‐Oncology. 2018;27(12):2770-2777.
47. Karacan Y, Hicran D.R, Demircioğlu B, Ridvan A. Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2020;8(1):51-57.
48. Gheyasi F, Baraz S, Malehi A, Ahmadzadeh A, Salehi R, Vaismoradi M. Effect of the Walking Exercise Program on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Chemotherapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2019;20(6):1661–1666.
49. Noerskov K.H, Schjødt I, K.L Syrjala J.M. Sexual function 1-year after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016;51(6):833–40.
50. Dimeo F, Schmittel A, Fietz T, Schwartz S, Köhler P, Böning D, Thiel E. Physical performance, depression, immune status and fatigue in patients with hematological malignancies after treatment. Annals of Oncology. 2004;15(8):1237-1242.
51. Howell SJ, Radford JA, Ryder WD, Shalet SM. Testicular function after cytotoxic chemotherapy: evidence of Leydig cell insufficiency. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1999;17(5):1493-1498.
52. Yi JC, Syrjala KL. Sexuality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer J (Sudbury, Mass.) 2009;15:57-64.
53. Acquati C, Zebrack B.J, Faul AC. Sexual functioning among young adult cancer patients: A 2-year longitudinal study. Cancer. 2018;124(2):398-405.
54. Morrow G.R, Shelke A.R, Roscoe J.A, Hickok J.T, Mustian K. Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue. Cancer Investigation. 2005;23(3):229–239.
55. Malary M, Pourasghar M, Khani S, Moosazadeh M, Hamzehgardeshi Z. Psychometric properties of the sexual interest and desire inventory-female for diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder: The persian version. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;11(4): 262-8.
56. Wettergren L, Kent EE, Mitchell SA, Zebrack B ve ark. Cancer negatively impacts on sexual function in adolescents and young adults: The AYA HOPE study. Psycho-Oncology. 2016; 26(10), 1632–1639.

Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Dahili Hastalıklar Hemşireliği
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Yaren Tokyürek Ezgi Karadağ
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi	9 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi	27 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Tokyürek, Y., & Karadağ, E. (2025). The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 173-191.
AMA	Tokyürek Y, Karadağ E. The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. Temmuz 2025;6(2):173-191.
Chicago	Tokyürek, Yaren, ve Ezgi Karadağ. “The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2025): 173-91.
EndNote	Tokyürek Y, Karadağ E (01 Temmuz 2025) The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6 2 173–191.
IEEE	Y. Tokyürek ve E. Karadağ, “The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy”, YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 173–191, 2025.
ISNAD	Tokyürek, Yaren - Karadağ, Ezgi. “The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6/2 (Temmuz 2025), 173-191.
JAMA	Tokyürek Y, Karadağ E. The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;6:173–191.
MLA	Tokyürek, Yaren ve Ezgi Karadağ. “The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 173-91.
Vancouver	Tokyürek Y, Karadağ E. The Correlation Between Body Image Perception, Sexual Life, And Fatigue In Patients With Hematological Malignancy. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;6(2):173-91.

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