Üniversitelerde Kalite Kültürünün Gelişim Aşamaları: Avrupa Üniversiteler Birliği’nin (EUA) Kurumsal Değerlendirme Raporlarında Öne Çıkan Alanlar
Öz
Kalite beklentileri üniversitelerde birçok politik ve uygulama temelli değişikliği beraberinde getirmektedir. Personellerin bir kısmı böyle bir değişim atmosferini kendi çalışma rutinleri için bir tehlike olarak görebilir ve üniversitelerindeki yenileşen kalite yaklaşımını reddetmeyi tercih edebilir. Diğer taraftan, üniversitenin sunduğu hizmetlerde daha iyi kalite standartlarına ulaşmak için her personelin aktif katılımının sağlanması kritik önemdedir. Doğal olarak, tüm personeli kalite geliştirme çalışmalarına katılım konusunda motive edebilmek için üniversite yöneticilerinin kurumlarında kalite kültürünü geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, üniversitelerde kalite kültürünün gelişim aşamalarını keşfetmek araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırma, çoklu durum çalışması modelini temele alan nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Nitel veriler, Avrupa Üniversiteler Birliği (EUA) tarafından yayınlanan kurumsal değerlendirme raporlarından derlenmiştir. 8 farklı ülkeden araştırma kapsamına alınan 14 üniversite bu araştırmadaki çoklu örnek durumları oluşturmaktadır. Üniversite başına bir ilk ve bir takip raporu olmak üzere, toplam 28 kurumsal değerlendirme raporu ile oluşturulan veri seti içerik analizi yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiş ve analiz sürecinde şu aşamalar takip edilmiştir: raporlardaki ilgili bölümlerin kodlanması; çeşitli kodların kategorize edilmesi; ortaya çıkan temaların bütünleştirilmesi. Bulgular, üniversite üst yönetiminin öncelikle kalite stratejileri oluşturduğunu ve ardından genellikle politika geliştirme sorumluluğunu özel komite yapılarına devrettiğini göstermektedir. Sonrasında, bu komite gerekli eylemleri planlamakta ve öğretim, araştırma ve katılım faaliyetleri de dahil olmak üzere kurumsal hizmetlerde kaliteyi geliştirmek için yapılan uygulamaları yönlendirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, üniversitelerde güçlü bir kalite kültürü oluşturmak için üç adım çok önemli görünmektedir: i) “kalite gelişimini” kurumsal bir proje olarak tasarlamak, ii) bürokratik yükü en aza indirmek için kalite yönetim sistemi kurmak ve iii) personelin kalite standartlarına katkıda bulunan başarılarını (küçük veya istisnai de olsa) tanımak ve bu başarıları tüm personelin kalite gelişiminde rol alması için motive edici örnekler olarak zamanında ödüllendirmek.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kalite Geliştirme Girişimleri Kalite Yönetim Sistemleri Yükseköğretimde Kalite Avrupa Yükseköğretim Alanı’nda (EHEA) Kalite Stratejileri Üniversitelerde Kalite Kültürü
Kaynakça
- Alberto, A. (2015). Understanding quality culture in assuring learning at higher education institutions. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved January 21, 2024, from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2743128
- Bendermacher, G. W. G., oude Egbrink, M. G. A., Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P., & Dolmans, D. H. J. M. (2017). Unravelling quality culture in higher education: A realist review. Higher Education, 73(1), 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9979-2
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Dziminska, M., Fijalkowska, J., & Sulkowski, L. (2018). Trust-Based Quality Culture Conceptual Model for higher education institutions. Sustainability, 10(8), 2599. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082599
- ENQA. (2015). Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG). Retrieved January 03, 2024, from https://www.enqa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ESG_2015.pdf
- EUA. (2006). Quality culture in European universities: A bottom-up approach. Retrieved January 27, 2024, from https://eua.eu/component/attachments/attachments.html?id=756
- EUA-IEP. (n.d.). Institutional Evaluation Programme: Celebrating 30 years of excellence. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://www.eua.eu/images/publications/IEP_anniversary_publication.pdf
- Hildesheim, C., & Sonntag, K. (2019). The Quality Culture Inventory: A comprehensive approach towards measuring quality culture in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 45(4), 892–908. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1672639
- Hilman, H., Abubakar, A., & Kaliappen, N. (2017). The effect of quality culture on university performance. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11(4), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V11IS04/TEOQCOUP
- Jawad, S., Jamshaid, I., & Wahab, F. (2015). Quality culture in higher education institutes: Perspective of different stakeholders. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 3(1), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v6i2.309
- Jorquera, P. G., & Caamano, J. E. (2003, May 25). Proposal in improving the quality of university services. PMI Global Congress 2003—EMEA, The Hague, The Netherlands. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/proposal-improving-quality-university-services-7739
- Katiliute, E., & Neverauskas, B. (2009). Development of quality culture in the universities. Economics and Management, 14, 1069–1076. https://ecoman.ktu.lt/index.php/Ekv/article/view/9512
- Lanarès, J. (2011). Developing a quality culture to become a world-class university. In N. C. Liu, Q. Wang, & Y. Cheng (Eds.), Paths to a world-class university. Global perspectives on higher education (pp. 263–274). Sense Publishers.
- Lycke, L., & Tano, I. (2017). Building quality culture in higher education. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 9(3/4), 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-04-2017-0033
- Martin, M., & Parikh, S. (2017). Quality management in higher education: Developments and drivers – Results from an international survey. Retrieved April 13, 2024, from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260226
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Ortiz-Herrera, J., Cadena-Velal, S., Gualli, T., Garcia-Serranol, I., & Padilla-Verdugo, R. (2020, July 27–31). A culture of quality in higher education. 18th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, Bogota, Colombia. https://www.laccei.org/LACCEI2020-VirtualEdition/full_papers/FP364.pdf
- Paraschivescu, A. O., Botez, N., & Fuioaga, A. (2013). Quality based education and the stakeholders’ expectations. Economy Transdisciplinarity Cognition, 16(1), 72–78. https://www.ugb.ro/etc/etc2013no1/11_Paraschivescu,_Botez,_Fuioaga.pdf
- Perovsek, V. (2016, November 17–19). The quality culture paradox and its implications – Is there a way out? 11th European Quality Assurance Forum, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. https://www.eua.eu/publications/conference-papers/the-quality-culture-paradox-and-its-implications-is-there-a-way-out.html
- Rahnuma, N. (2020). Evolution of quality culture in an HEI: Critical insights from university staff in Bangladesh. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 32(1), 53–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-019-09313-8
- Seyoum, Y. (2012). Staff development as an imperative avenue in ensuring quality: The experience of Adama University. Education Research International, 624241. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/624241
- Soyer, B., & Güler, M. (2021). Yükseköğretimde yeniden yapılanma: Türk yükseköğretiminde kalite güvencesi sisteminin gelişimi [Restructuring in higher education: Development of quality assurance system in Turkish higher education]. Trakya Üniversitesi Kalite ve Strateji Yönetimi Dergisi, 1(1), 45–89. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1956396
- Tucker, B. (2013). Development of a student evaluation quality culture: the eVALUAte experience at Curtin University. In CAA Quality Series (5), Enhancing student feedback and improvement systems in tertiary education (pp. 16–33). Commission for Academic Accreditation. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/47688
- Uslu, B. (2017). The influence of organisational features in high-ranked universities: The case of Australia. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 39(5), 471–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2017.1354755
- Uslu, B. (2018). The components of communication systems in universities: Their influence on academic work life. Tertiary Education and Management, 24(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2017.1359662
- Welzant, H., Schindler, L., Puls-Elvidge, S., & Crawford, L. (2015). Definitions of quality in higher education: A synthesis of the literature. Higher Learning Research Communications, 5(3), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v5i3.244
- Yorke, M. (2000). Developing a quality culture in higher education. Tertiary Education and Management, 6(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009689306110
- Zawada, B. (2019). From functional quality apparatus to meaningful enactment: UNISA as example. Quality Assurance in Education, 27(4), 384–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-03-2019-0031
Evolving Steps of Quality Culture in Universities: Outline from European University Association’s (EUA) Institutional Evaluation Reports
Öz
Quality expectations bring many political and practical changes in universities. Some staff can see such a changing atmosphere as a danger for their work routines and prefer to refuse this renewed quality approach in their university. However, it is critical to ensure the active participation of each staff member to achieve better quality standards in university services. Then, to motivate all staff for quality development works, university managers need to evolve the quality culture in their institutions. Therefore, this research aims to explore the evolving steps of quality culture in universities. The research was designed as a qualitative inquiry, following a multiple-case study pattern. The qualitative data were collected from the institutional evaluation reports published by the European University Association (EUA). The multiple cases come from 14 universities in eight countries (including one initial and one follow-up report per university, totaling 28 institutional evaluation reports). The dataset was analysed using a content analysis approach, as follows: coding relevant sections in the reports; categorization of various codes; integration of emerging themes. The analysis revealed that top administration first sets up quality strategies and then generally delegates the policy development responsibility to the dedicated committee in their university. As the next steps, this committee plans necessary actions and steers institutional practices to develop quality in their services, including teaching, research, and engagement activities. However, three steps seem crucial to constitute a strong quality culture in universities: (i) design “quality development” as an institutional project, (ii) establish a quality management system to minimize bureaucratic burden, and (iii) recognize staff’s achievements (whether small or exceptional) contributing to the quality standards and timely award these achievements as motivating examples for all staff to take part in quality development.
Anahtar Kelimeler
QuaLity Development Initiatives Quality Management Systems Quality in Higher Education Quality Strategies in European Higher Education Area (EHEA) Quality Culture in Universities
Kaynakça
- Alberto, A. (2015). Understanding quality culture in assuring learning at higher education institutions. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved January 21, 2024, from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2743128
- Bendermacher, G. W. G., oude Egbrink, M. G. A., Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P., & Dolmans, D. H. J. M. (2017). Unravelling quality culture in higher education: A realist review. Higher Education, 73(1), 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9979-2
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Dziminska, M., Fijalkowska, J., & Sulkowski, L. (2018). Trust-Based Quality Culture Conceptual Model for higher education institutions. Sustainability, 10(8), 2599. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082599
- ENQA. (2015). Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG). Retrieved January 03, 2024, from https://www.enqa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ESG_2015.pdf
- EUA. (2006). Quality culture in European universities: A bottom-up approach. Retrieved January 27, 2024, from https://eua.eu/component/attachments/attachments.html?id=756
- EUA-IEP. (n.d.). Institutional Evaluation Programme: Celebrating 30 years of excellence. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://www.eua.eu/images/publications/IEP_anniversary_publication.pdf
- Hildesheim, C., & Sonntag, K. (2019). The Quality Culture Inventory: A comprehensive approach towards measuring quality culture in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 45(4), 892–908. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1672639
- Hilman, H., Abubakar, A., & Kaliappen, N. (2017). The effect of quality culture on university performance. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11(4), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V11IS04/TEOQCOUP
- Jawad, S., Jamshaid, I., & Wahab, F. (2015). Quality culture in higher education institutes: Perspective of different stakeholders. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 3(1), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v6i2.309
- Jorquera, P. G., & Caamano, J. E. (2003, May 25). Proposal in improving the quality of university services. PMI Global Congress 2003—EMEA, The Hague, The Netherlands. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/proposal-improving-quality-university-services-7739
- Katiliute, E., & Neverauskas, B. (2009). Development of quality culture in the universities. Economics and Management, 14, 1069–1076. https://ecoman.ktu.lt/index.php/Ekv/article/view/9512
- Lanarès, J. (2011). Developing a quality culture to become a world-class university. In N. C. Liu, Q. Wang, & Y. Cheng (Eds.), Paths to a world-class university. Global perspectives on higher education (pp. 263–274). Sense Publishers.
- Lycke, L., & Tano, I. (2017). Building quality culture in higher education. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 9(3/4), 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-04-2017-0033
- Martin, M., & Parikh, S. (2017). Quality management in higher education: Developments and drivers – Results from an international survey. Retrieved April 13, 2024, from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260226
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Ortiz-Herrera, J., Cadena-Velal, S., Gualli, T., Garcia-Serranol, I., & Padilla-Verdugo, R. (2020, July 27–31). A culture of quality in higher education. 18th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, Bogota, Colombia. https://www.laccei.org/LACCEI2020-VirtualEdition/full_papers/FP364.pdf
- Paraschivescu, A. O., Botez, N., & Fuioaga, A. (2013). Quality based education and the stakeholders’ expectations. Economy Transdisciplinarity Cognition, 16(1), 72–78. https://www.ugb.ro/etc/etc2013no1/11_Paraschivescu,_Botez,_Fuioaga.pdf
- Perovsek, V. (2016, November 17–19). The quality culture paradox and its implications – Is there a way out? 11th European Quality Assurance Forum, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. https://www.eua.eu/publications/conference-papers/the-quality-culture-paradox-and-its-implications-is-there-a-way-out.html
- Rahnuma, N. (2020). Evolution of quality culture in an HEI: Critical insights from university staff in Bangladesh. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 32(1), 53–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-019-09313-8
- Seyoum, Y. (2012). Staff development as an imperative avenue in ensuring quality: The experience of Adama University. Education Research International, 624241. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/624241
- Soyer, B., & Güler, M. (2021). Yükseköğretimde yeniden yapılanma: Türk yükseköğretiminde kalite güvencesi sisteminin gelişimi [Restructuring in higher education: Development of quality assurance system in Turkish higher education]. Trakya Üniversitesi Kalite ve Strateji Yönetimi Dergisi, 1(1), 45–89. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1956396
- Tucker, B. (2013). Development of a student evaluation quality culture: the eVALUAte experience at Curtin University. In CAA Quality Series (5), Enhancing student feedback and improvement systems in tertiary education (pp. 16–33). Commission for Academic Accreditation. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/47688
- Uslu, B. (2017). The influence of organisational features in high-ranked universities: The case of Australia. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 39(5), 471–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2017.1354755
- Uslu, B. (2018). The components of communication systems in universities: Their influence on academic work life. Tertiary Education and Management, 24(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2017.1359662
- Welzant, H., Schindler, L., Puls-Elvidge, S., & Crawford, L. (2015). Definitions of quality in higher education: A synthesis of the literature. Higher Learning Research Communications, 5(3), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v5i3.244
- Yorke, M. (2000). Developing a quality culture in higher education. Tertiary Education and Management, 6(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009689306110
- Zawada, B. (2019). From functional quality apparatus to meaningful enactment: UNISA as example. Quality Assurance in Education, 27(4), 384–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-03-2019-0031
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yükseköğretimde Kalite Güvencesi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 20 Eylül 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 23 Aralık 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: Special Issue |
Yükseköğretim Dergisi (TÜBA-HER), ESCI, TR Dizin, EBSCO ve Google Scholar tarafından dizinlenmektedir.
Yayıncı
Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112 Çankaya 06670 ANKARA
Yükseköğretim Dergisi / TÜBA Higher Education Research/Review (TÜBA-HER), dergide yayımlanan makalelerde ifade edilen görüşleri resmî olarak benimsememekte ve derginin basılı ya da çevrim içi sürümlerinde yer alan herhangi bir ürün veya hizmet reklamı konusunda garanti vermemektedir. Yayımlanan makalelerin bilimsel ve hukuki sorumluluğu yazarlara aittir.
Makalelerle birlikte gönderilen resim, şekil, tablo vb. materyaller özgün olmalı ya da daha önce yayımlanmışlarsa, hem basılı hem de çevrim içi sürümlerde yayımlanmak üzere eser sahibinden alınmış yazılı izinle birlikte sunulmalıdır. Yazarlar, makaleleri yayımlanmak üzere kabul edildiğinde tüm yayın haklarını derginin yayıncısı olan Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi’ne (TÜBA) devrettiklerini kabul ederler. Yayımlanan tüm içeriklerin (metin ve görsel materyaller) telif hakları dergiye aittir. Dergide yayımlanmak üzere kabul edilen makaleler için telif hakkı ya da başka bir ad altında ödeme yapılmaz ve yazar(lar)dan makale işlem ücreti alınmaz; ancak yeniden baskı (reprint) talepleri yazarın sorumluluğundadır.
Bilimsel bilgi ve araştırmalara küresel açık erişimi teşvik etmek amacıyla TÜBA, çevrim içi olarak yayımlanan tüm içeriklerin (aksi belirtilmedikçe) okuyucular, araştırmacılar ve kurumlar tarafından serbestçe kullanılmasına izin vermektedir. Bu kullanım, eserin kaynağının belirtilmesi koşuluyla ve ticari amaç dışında, herhangi bir değişiklik yapılmaksızın Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) lisansı kapsamında mümkündür. Ticari kullanım için lütfen yayıncı ile iletişime geçiniz.