Araştırma Makalesi
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Agronomic and Quality Characteristics of Soybean Different Maturity Groups

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 381, 22 - 31, 30.06.2025

Mehmet Gencer , Gül Sarioğlu

https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.1673530

Öz

Soybean is a crucial legume and vegetable source of protein and oil. Its provide significantly to global food safety and nutrition as a staple diet for people and an essential part of animal feed, helping to meet the world's increasing demand for protein. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the characteristics of soybean varieties in different maturity groups in the ecological condition of Ankara. For this purpose, the soybean cultivars (cvs) İlksoy, Mersoy, Arısoy and Turbo which are in different maturity in groups were used. The study was designed as a randomized block design with tree replications. In the study, the various agronomic and quality characteristics of cultivars such as plant height, first pod height, number of pods, number of branches, thousand-seed weight, seed yield, crude oil and crude protein content were examined. In the study, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, thousand seed weight, seed yield, crude oil ratio, crude protein ratio were found to be statistically significant. According to results, the plant height was measured to range between 45.80 cm and 62.77 cm. The number of grains per pod were between 2.1 and 2.6. The thousand-seed weight was determined to range from 136.8 g to 151.0 g. The seed yield of cvs İlksoy, Arısoy and Mersoy was determined 210.39, 208.18 and 179.31 kg da-1 The crude oil content of all cultivars ranged between 14.77% and 16.46% while crude protein content of those was ranged between 38.90% and 40.68%. In conclusion, it was determined that soybean varieties belonging to maturity groups 2 and 3.6 may be suitable for seed yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soybean Maturity group Seed yield Crude oil Crude protein.

Destekleyen Kurum

Central Research Institute for Field Crops (CRIFC) for funding the study

Kaynakça

  • American Association of Cereal Chemists (2010). Approved methods ofthe AACCI, 11th ed. St. Paul, MN: The Association.
  • Ainsworth, E. A., Yendrek, C. R., Skoneczka, J. A., & Long, S. P. (2012). Accelerating yield potential in soybean: potential targets for biotechnological improvement. Plant, cell & environment, 35(1), 38-52.
  • Ali, W., Ahmad, M., İftakhar, F., Qureshi, M., & Ceyhan, A. (2020). Nutritive potentials of Soybean and its significance for humans health and animal production: A Review. Eurasian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(1), 41-53.
  • Aremu, C., & Ojo, D. (2005). Genotype x environment interaction and selection foryield and related traits in soybean. Moor Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(1), 81-86.
  • Arıoğlu, H. (2014). Oil Crops cultivation and breeding. Çukurova University General Publication, Adana, Türkiye.
  • Bakal, H., Arıkoğlu, H., Güllüoğlu, L., Kurt, C., & Onat, B. (2016). The determination of some important argonomical and quality properties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] varieties in double cropped conditions. Jornal of Central Research Institute for Field Crops, 25(2).
  • Bakal, H., Arıoğlu, H., Güllüoğlu, L., Kurt, C., & Onat, B. (2016). The determination of some important argonomical and quality properties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] varieties in double cropped conditions. Jornal of Central Research Institute for Field Crops, 25(2).
  • Bakoğlu, A., &Ayçiçek, M. (2005). Elazığşartlarında soya fasulyesinin (Glycine max L.) tarımsalözelliklerivetohumverimi.
  • Boerma, H. R., & Specht, J. E. (2004). Soybeans: improvement, production and uses. Boyer, C. N., Stefanini, M., Larson, J. A., Smith, S. A., Mengistu, A., &Bellaloui, N. (2015). Profitability and risk analysis of soybean planting date by maturity group. Agronomy Journal, 107(6), 2253-2262.
  • Cinsoy, A., Tuğay, E., Atikyılmaz, N., &Eşme, S. (2005). Ana veikinciürün soya tarımındaverimvediğerbazıözelliklerüzerinebiraraştırma. Türkiye VI. TarlaBitkileriKongresi, 1, 399-402.
  • Çalışkan, S., &Arıoğlu, H. H. (2004). AmikOvasıkoşullarındaikinciürünolarakyetiştirilebilecek soya çeşitvehatlarınınbelirlenmesi.
  • Çubukcu, P., Karakus, M., Vurarak, Y., Sahar, A. K., & Yildirim, U. A. (2020). Determining of performance some advanced soybean lines in Adana and Şanlıurfa locations. International Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research, 3(1).
  • Dashiell, K. (2005). SOYBEANS: Improvement, Production, and Uses. Boerma, HR, Specht, JE (Eds), American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 2004, 1144 pp. Price: US155. 00 (hardback). ISBN 0-89118-154-7. Agricultural Systems, 83(1), 110-111.
  • Desclaux, D., Huynh, T. T., &Roumet, P. (2000). Identification of soybean plant characteristics that indicate the timing of drought stress. Crop science, 40(3), 716-722.
  • Gaspar, A. P., & Conley, S. P. (2015). Responses of canopy reflectance, light interception, and soybean seed yield to replanting suboptimal stands. Crop Science, 55(1), 377-385.
  • FAO. (2024). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.
  • Gümüş, Z., &Beyyavaş, V. (2020). Bazı Soya [Glycine max. L. Merill] ÇeşitlerininMardin İli EkolojikKoşullarındaİkinciÜrünOlarakYetiştirilebilmeOlanakları. ADYUTAYAM Dergisi, 8(2), 44-51.
  • Kroonenberg, P. M. (1995). Introduction to biplots for G× E tables. Res. Rep, 51.
  • Kulan, E. G., Ergin, N., Demir, İ., & Kaya, M. D. (2017). The determination of agronomic characteristics and adaptation of some soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars in Eskișehir conditions.
  • Kulan, E. G., Ergin, N., Demir, İ., & Kaya, M. D. (2017). Eskişehirkoşullarındabazı soya (Glycine max L.) çeşitlerininönemlitarımsalözellikleriveadaptasyonununbelirlenmesi. UludağÜniversitesiZiraatFakültesiDergisi, 31(1), 127-135.
  • Lee, S., Jun, T. H., Michel, A. P., & Rouf Mian, M. A. (2015). SNP markers linked to QTL conditioning plant height, lodging, and maturity in soybean. Euphytica, 203, 521-532.
  • Mian, M. R., Cunicelli, M. J., Carter Jr, T. E., Villagarcia, M., & Fallen, B. D. (2024). Registration of USDA‐N6006 soybean germplasm combining high yield, flood tolerance, and elevated oil content. Journal of Plant Registrations.
  • Mourtzinis, S., & Conley, S. P. (2017). Delineating soybean maturity groups across the United States. Agronomy Journal, 109(4), 1397-1403.
  • Onat, B. (2018). Evaluation some agronomic and quality traits of some soybean varieties grown as a double crop in mediterranean environment in Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(4), 2590-2597.
  • Onat, B., Bakal, H., Gulluoglu, L., &Arıoglu, H. (2017). The effects of high temperature at the growing period on yield and yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] varieties. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 22(2), 178-186.
  • Özer, İ., &Bağcı, S. A. (2017). The determination of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) genotypes on Konya ecological conditions for yield and quality. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT), 1(1), 1-5.
  • Pedersen, P., & Lauer, J. G. (2004). Response of soybean yield components to management system and planting date. Agronomy Journal, 96(5), 1372-1381.
  • Rad, M. N., Kadir, M. A., Rafii, M., Jaafar, H. Z., Naghavi, M., & Ahmadi, F. (2013). Genotype environment interaction by AMMI and GGE biplot analysis in three consecutive generations of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under normal and drought stress conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(7), 956.
  • Sevilmiş, U., &Arıoğlu, H. H. (2019). Determination of the effects of temperature and day length on growth development seed yield and quality of some soybean varieties from different maturity groups. Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 38(2), 113-120.
  • Taghavi, H., Mobasser, H. R., Petroudi, E. R., & Dastan, S. (2012). Soybean qualities parameters, seed yield and its components response to planting dates and density in the north of Iran. Life Science Journal, 9(4).
  • TUİK. (2024). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr. Retrieved 18.10.2024 from
  • Wang, X., Zhao, W., Wei, X., Song, S., & Dong, S. (2024). The application potential of mepiquat chloride in soybean: improvement of yield characteristics and drought resistance [Article]. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1), Article 310. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05028-1
  • Yari, V., Frnia, A., Maleki, A., Moradi, M., Naseri, R., Ghasemi, M., & Lotfi, A. (2013). Yield and yield components of soybean cultivars as affected by planting date. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(7), 85-90.
  • Yan, W., &Frégeau‐Reid, J. (2008). Breeding line selection based on multiple traits. Crop Science, 48(2), 417-423.
  • Yan, W., & Kang, M. S. (2002). GGE biplot analysis: A graphical tool for breeders, geneticists, and agronomists. CRC press.
  • Yılmaz, M. (2024). Determination of Important Agricultural Traits of Some Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Genotypes and Adaptation in the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone. TekirdağZiraatFakültesiDergisi, 21(1), 139-147.
  • Zhang, X. Y., Du, J. D., & Zheng, D. F. (2011). Effect of density on canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics in soybean population.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 29(4), 75-80.
  • Zhao, Q., Xu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022). Soybean oil bodies: A review on composition, properties, food applications, and future research aspects. Food Hydrocolloids, 124, 107296.

Farklı Soya Olgunlaşma Gruplarının Bazı Agronomik ve Kalite Özellikleri

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 381, 22 - 31, 30.06.2025

Mehmet Gencer , Gül Sarioğlu

https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.1673530

Öz

Soya fasulyesi, önemli bir baklagil olup aynı zamanda yüksek besin değeri taşıyan bitkisel protein ve yağ kaynağıdır. İnsan beslenmesinde temel bir gıda maddesi olarak yer almakla birlikte, hayvan yemi üretiminde de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Küresel gıda güvenliği ve beslenmeye sağladığı katkılar sayesinde, dünya çapında artan protein ihtiyacını karşılamada kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Aynı zamanda sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamaları açısından da önemli bir bitki olup, toprağın verimliliğini artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ankara ekolojik koşullarında farklı olgunluk gruplarına ait soya fasulyesi çeşitlerinin özelliklerini değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, farklı olgunluk gruplarına ait İlksoy, Mersoy, Arısoy ve Turbo soya fasulyesi çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada, bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bakla sayısı, dal sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, tane verimi, ham yağ ve ham protein içeriği gibi çeşitli tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada bitki boyu, bitkide dal sayısı, baklada dane sayısı bitkide bakla sayısı, bin tohum ağırlığı, tohum verimi, ham yağ oranı, ham protein oranı istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bitki boyu 45.80 cm ile 62.77 cm arasında ölçülmüştür. Bakla başına tane sayısı 2.1 ile 2.6 arasında değişmiştir. Bin tane ağırlığı 136.8 g ile 151.0 g arasında belirlenmiştir. İlksoy, Arısoy ve Mersoy çeşitlerine ait tane verimi sırasıyla 210.39, 208.18 ve 179.31 kg da-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada değerlendirilen tüm çeşitlerin ham yağ içeriği %14.77 ile %16.46 arasında, ham protein içeriği ise %38.90 ile %40.68 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, 2 ve 3.6 olgunluk gruplarına ait soya fasulyesi çeşitlerinin tohum verimi açısından uygun olabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soya fasulyesi Olgunluk grubu Tohum verimi Ham yağ Ham protein.

Kaynakça

  • American Association of Cereal Chemists (2010). Approved methods ofthe AACCI, 11th ed. St. Paul, MN: The Association.
  • Ainsworth, E. A., Yendrek, C. R., Skoneczka, J. A., & Long, S. P. (2012). Accelerating yield potential in soybean: potential targets for biotechnological improvement. Plant, cell & environment, 35(1), 38-52.
  • Ali, W., Ahmad, M., İftakhar, F., Qureshi, M., & Ceyhan, A. (2020). Nutritive potentials of Soybean and its significance for humans health and animal production: A Review. Eurasian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(1), 41-53.
  • Aremu, C., & Ojo, D. (2005). Genotype x environment interaction and selection foryield and related traits in soybean. Moor Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(1), 81-86.
  • Arıoğlu, H. (2014). Oil Crops cultivation and breeding. Çukurova University General Publication, Adana, Türkiye.
  • Bakal, H., Arıkoğlu, H., Güllüoğlu, L., Kurt, C., & Onat, B. (2016). The determination of some important argonomical and quality properties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] varieties in double cropped conditions. Jornal of Central Research Institute for Field Crops, 25(2).
  • Bakal, H., Arıoğlu, H., Güllüoğlu, L., Kurt, C., & Onat, B. (2016). The determination of some important argonomical and quality properties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] varieties in double cropped conditions. Jornal of Central Research Institute for Field Crops, 25(2).
  • Bakoğlu, A., &Ayçiçek, M. (2005). Elazığşartlarında soya fasulyesinin (Glycine max L.) tarımsalözelliklerivetohumverimi.
  • Boerma, H. R., & Specht, J. E. (2004). Soybeans: improvement, production and uses. Boyer, C. N., Stefanini, M., Larson, J. A., Smith, S. A., Mengistu, A., &Bellaloui, N. (2015). Profitability and risk analysis of soybean planting date by maturity group. Agronomy Journal, 107(6), 2253-2262.
  • Cinsoy, A., Tuğay, E., Atikyılmaz, N., &Eşme, S. (2005). Ana veikinciürün soya tarımındaverimvediğerbazıözelliklerüzerinebiraraştırma. Türkiye VI. TarlaBitkileriKongresi, 1, 399-402.
  • Çalışkan, S., &Arıoğlu, H. H. (2004). AmikOvasıkoşullarındaikinciürünolarakyetiştirilebilecek soya çeşitvehatlarınınbelirlenmesi.
  • Çubukcu, P., Karakus, M., Vurarak, Y., Sahar, A. K., & Yildirim, U. A. (2020). Determining of performance some advanced soybean lines in Adana and Şanlıurfa locations. International Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research, 3(1).
  • Dashiell, K. (2005). SOYBEANS: Improvement, Production, and Uses. Boerma, HR, Specht, JE (Eds), American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 2004, 1144 pp. Price: US155. 00 (hardback). ISBN 0-89118-154-7. Agricultural Systems, 83(1), 110-111.
  • Desclaux, D., Huynh, T. T., &Roumet, P. (2000). Identification of soybean plant characteristics that indicate the timing of drought stress. Crop science, 40(3), 716-722.
  • Gaspar, A. P., & Conley, S. P. (2015). Responses of canopy reflectance, light interception, and soybean seed yield to replanting suboptimal stands. Crop Science, 55(1), 377-385.
  • FAO. (2024). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.
  • Gümüş, Z., &Beyyavaş, V. (2020). Bazı Soya [Glycine max. L. Merill] ÇeşitlerininMardin İli EkolojikKoşullarındaİkinciÜrünOlarakYetiştirilebilmeOlanakları. ADYUTAYAM Dergisi, 8(2), 44-51.
  • Kroonenberg, P. M. (1995). Introduction to biplots for G× E tables. Res. Rep, 51.
  • Kulan, E. G., Ergin, N., Demir, İ., & Kaya, M. D. (2017). The determination of agronomic characteristics and adaptation of some soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars in Eskișehir conditions.
  • Kulan, E. G., Ergin, N., Demir, İ., & Kaya, M. D. (2017). Eskişehirkoşullarındabazı soya (Glycine max L.) çeşitlerininönemlitarımsalözellikleriveadaptasyonununbelirlenmesi. UludağÜniversitesiZiraatFakültesiDergisi, 31(1), 127-135.
  • Lee, S., Jun, T. H., Michel, A. P., & Rouf Mian, M. A. (2015). SNP markers linked to QTL conditioning plant height, lodging, and maturity in soybean. Euphytica, 203, 521-532.
  • Mian, M. R., Cunicelli, M. J., Carter Jr, T. E., Villagarcia, M., & Fallen, B. D. (2024). Registration of USDA‐N6006 soybean germplasm combining high yield, flood tolerance, and elevated oil content. Journal of Plant Registrations.
  • Mourtzinis, S., & Conley, S. P. (2017). Delineating soybean maturity groups across the United States. Agronomy Journal, 109(4), 1397-1403.
  • Onat, B. (2018). Evaluation some agronomic and quality traits of some soybean varieties grown as a double crop in mediterranean environment in Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(4), 2590-2597.
  • Onat, B., Bakal, H., Gulluoglu, L., &Arıoglu, H. (2017). The effects of high temperature at the growing period on yield and yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] varieties. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 22(2), 178-186.
  • Özer, İ., &Bağcı, S. A. (2017). The determination of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) genotypes on Konya ecological conditions for yield and quality. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT), 1(1), 1-5.
  • Pedersen, P., & Lauer, J. G. (2004). Response of soybean yield components to management system and planting date. Agronomy Journal, 96(5), 1372-1381.
  • Rad, M. N., Kadir, M. A., Rafii, M., Jaafar, H. Z., Naghavi, M., & Ahmadi, F. (2013). Genotype environment interaction by AMMI and GGE biplot analysis in three consecutive generations of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under normal and drought stress conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(7), 956.
  • Sevilmiş, U., &Arıoğlu, H. H. (2019). Determination of the effects of temperature and day length on growth development seed yield and quality of some soybean varieties from different maturity groups. Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 38(2), 113-120.
  • Taghavi, H., Mobasser, H. R., Petroudi, E. R., & Dastan, S. (2012). Soybean qualities parameters, seed yield and its components response to planting dates and density in the north of Iran. Life Science Journal, 9(4).
  • TUİK. (2024). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr. Retrieved 18.10.2024 from
  • Wang, X., Zhao, W., Wei, X., Song, S., & Dong, S. (2024). The application potential of mepiquat chloride in soybean: improvement of yield characteristics and drought resistance [Article]. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1), Article 310. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05028-1
  • Yari, V., Frnia, A., Maleki, A., Moradi, M., Naseri, R., Ghasemi, M., & Lotfi, A. (2013). Yield and yield components of soybean cultivars as affected by planting date. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(7), 85-90.
  • Yan, W., &Frégeau‐Reid, J. (2008). Breeding line selection based on multiple traits. Crop Science, 48(2), 417-423.
  • Yan, W., & Kang, M. S. (2002). GGE biplot analysis: A graphical tool for breeders, geneticists, and agronomists. CRC press.
  • Yılmaz, M. (2024). Determination of Important Agricultural Traits of Some Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Genotypes and Adaptation in the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone. TekirdağZiraatFakültesiDergisi, 21(1), 139-147.
  • Zhang, X. Y., Du, J. D., & Zheng, D. F. (2011). Effect of density on canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics in soybean population.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 29(4), 75-80.
  • Zhao, Q., Xu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022). Soybean oil bodies: A review on composition, properties, food applications, and future research aspects. Food Hydrocolloids, 124, 107296.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Agronomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Gencer 0000-0002-3137-5855

Gül Sarioğlu 0000-0003-1771-423X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 381

Kaynak Göster

APA Gencer, M., & Sarioğlu, G. (2025). Agronomic and Quality Characteristics of Soybean Different Maturity Groups. Ziraat Mühendisliği(381), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.1673530
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