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The Relationship Between Surface Roughness And Colour Stability Of Alkasite , Dual-Cure And Bulk-Filler Composites

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 17 - 30, 30.04.2025

Digdem Eren , Pelin Sönmez , Büşra Çınar

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the surface roughness of four different restorative materials on polished and non-polished surfaces and assess its impact on color stability.
Materials and Methods: For the study, we utilized four distinct restorative materials: an alkasite, a nanohybrid composite resin, a dual-cure bulk-fill composite resin, and a posterior bulk-fill composite resin. For each composite resin, polished and non-polished samples were prepared. Following immersion in a coffee solution for a duration of 28 days, the color changes of all samples were assessed with a portable spectrophotometer at days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated using a conventional profilometer. Additionally, surface analyses were conducted for one sample from each group utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni-corrected ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis.
Results: Upon examining the ΔE values at the conclusion of the 28-day period, significant differences among the groups were observed. Cention N exhibited the greatest color change, while Fill-Up demonstrated the least. Notably, the surface roughness values differed significantly among the groups (p<0.05). Within the polished groups, Cention N exhibited the highest Ra value, while Filtek One Bulk Fill presented the lowest Ra value. In the samples finished with Mylar strip, Fill-Up showed the highest Ra value and Z 550 showed the lowest Ra value. No linear correlation was identified between the surface roughness and the discoloration of the composite resins.
Conclusion: When using acid neutralising ion-releasing alkasite composite, their disadvantage in terms of colouration and surface roughness should be taken into account.

Keywords

Composite Resin Discoloration Surface Properties

Ethical Statement

Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulundan onay alınmıştır

Supporting Institution

Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi

Project Number

DİŞ-236

Thanks

The authors thank to Assistant Professor Ziynet Çınar for statistical analysis of the study.

References

  • Puckett AD, Fitchie JG, Kirk PC, Gamblin J. Direct composite restorative materials. Dent Clin N Am 2007;51(3):659-75.
  • Gaintantzopoulou M, Kakaboura A, Vougiouklakis G. Colour stability of tooth-coloured restorative materials. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2005;13(2):51-6.
  • Alrahlah A, Silikas N, Watts D. Post-cure depth of cure of bulk fill dental resincomposites. Dent Mater. 2014; 30(2):149-54.
  • Lima DM, Linhares TS, Lima SNL, Carvalho EM, Loguercio AD, Bauer J. Effect of sonic application of self-adhesive resin cements on push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin. Materials 2019;12(12):1930.
  • Nascimento AS, Lima DB, Fook MVL, Albuquerque MSd, Lima EAd, Sabino MA. Physicomechanical characterization and biological evaluation of bulk-fill composite resin. Braz Oral Res 2018;25(32):e107.
  • Vandewalker JP, Casey JA, Lincoln TA, Vandewalle KS. Properties of dual-cure, bulkfill composite resin restorative materials. Gen Dent 2016;64(2):68-73.
  • Wang R, Liu H, Wang Y. Different depthrelated polymerization kinetics of dualcure, bulk-fill composites. Dent Mater 2019;35(8):1095-103.
  • Tiskaya M, Al-Eesa N, Wong F, Hill R. Characterization of the bioactivity of two commercial composites. Dent Mater. 2019;35(12):1757-68.
  • Dodiya PV, Parekh V, Gupta MS, Patel N, Shah M, Tatu S. Clinical evaluation of Cention–N and nano hybrid composite resin as a restoration of non-carious cervical lesion. J Dent Spec 2019;7(1):3-5.
  • Justen M, Scheck D, Aldrighi E, Münchow EA, Jardim JJ. Is Cention-N comparable to other direct dental restorative materials? A systematic review with network metaanalysis of in vitro studies. Dent Mater 2024:40:1341-52.
  • Bagheri R, Burrow M, Tyas M. Influence of food-simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restorative materials. J Dent 2005;33(5):389- 98.
  • Mundim FM, Garcia LdFR, Cruvinel DR, Lima FA, Bachmann L, Pires-de FdCP. Color stability, opacity and degree of conversion of pre-heated composites. J Dent 2011;39:e25-e29.
  • Erdemir U, Yıldız E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on color stability of nanofilled and microhybrid composites after long-term immersion. J Dent 2012;40:e55-e63.
  • Verran J, Rowe DL, Cole D, Boyd RD. The use of the atomic force microscope to visualise and measure wear of food contact surfaces. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2000;46(2):99- 105.
  • Ho DK, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Angelov N, Paravina RD. Color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva: a prospective clinical study. Sci Repo 2015;5:18498.
  • Langsten RE, Dunn WJ, Hartup GR, Murchison DF. Higher-concentration carbamide peroxide effects on surface roughness of composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002;14(2):92-6.
  • Villalta P, Lu H, Okte Z, Garcia-Godoy F, Powers JM. Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;95(2):137-42.
  • Gönülol N, Yılmaz F. The effects of finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness and color stability of nanocomposites. J Dent. 2012;40:e64-e70.
  • Kroeze H, Plasschaert A, Van’t Hof M, Truin G. Prevalence and need for replacement of amalgam and composite restorations in Dutch adults. J Dent Res. 1990; 69(6):1270-4.
  • Ardu S, Duc O, Di Bella E, Krejci I, Daher R. Color stability of different composite resins after polishing. Odontology. 2018;106(3):328-33.
  • Alawjali SS, Lui J. Effect of one-step polishing system on the color stability of nanocomposites. J Dent. 2013;41:e53-e61.
  • Mair L. Staining of in vivo subsurface degradation in dental composites with silver nitrate. J Dent Res 1991; 70(3):215-20.
  • Backes CN, França FMG, Turssi CP, Amaral FLBd, Basting RT. Color stability of a bulkfill composite resin light-cured at different distances. Brazil Oral Res 2020; 30(34):e119.
  • Bansal K, Acharya SR, Saraswathi V. Effect of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages on color stability and surface roughness of resin composites: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2012;15(3):283.
  • Öztürk E, Güder G. Correlation between three-dimentional surface topography and color stability of different nanofilled composites. Scanning 2015;37(6):438-45.
  • Majeti C, Ravi R, Kambhampati B, Borugadda R, Athkuri S, Kakani AK. Evaluation of the color stability of two different posterior tooth colored restorative materials. F1000Research 2020; 9:1251.
  • Lee Y-K, Powers JM. Combined effect of staining substances on the discoloration of esthetic Class V dental restorative materials. Journal of Materials Science: Mater Med 2007;18(1):165-70.
  • Gonulol N, Ozer S, Sen Tunc E. Water sorption, solubility, and color stability of giomer restoratives. J Esthet Restor Dent 2015; 27(5):300-6.
  • Park C, Hyun S, Lee J, Seol H, Kim H, Kwon Y. Evaluation of polymerization in fluoridecontaining composite resins. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007;18(8):1549-56.
  • François P, Remadi A, Le Goff S, Abdel- Gawad S, Attal J-P, Dursun E. Flexural properties and dentin adhesion in recently developed self-adhesive bulk-fill materials. J Oral Sci 2021; 63(2):139-44.
  • Amalavathy RK, Sahoo HS, Shivanna S, Lingaraj J, Aravinthan. Staining effect of various beverages on and surface nanohardness of a resin coated and a non-coated fluoride releasing tooth-coloured restorative material: An in-vitro study. Heliyon. 2020; 6(6):e04345.
  • Van Buren JP, Robinson WB. Formation of complexes between protein and tannic acid. J Agric Food Chem 1969; 17(4):772-7.
  • Garoushi S, Vallittu PK , Lassila L. Characterization of fluoride releasing restorative dental materials. Dent Mater J 2018;2017-161.
  • Abu-bakr N, Han L, Okamoto A, Iwaku M. Changes in the mechanical properties and surface texture of compomer immersed in various media. J Prosthet Dent 2000; 84(4):444-52.
  • Reis AF, Giannini M, Lovadino JR, Ambrosano GM. Effects of various finishing systems on the surface roughness and staining susceptibility of packable composite resins. Dent Mater 2003; 19(1):12-8.
  • Gömeç Y, Dorter C, Ersev H, Efes BG, Yildiz E. Effects of dietary acids on surface microhardness of various tooth-colored restoratives. Dent Mater J 2004; 23(3):429- 35.
  • Fidan M, Yeşilirmak N, Tuncdemir MT. Kahve ile Renklendirmenin Kompozit Rezinlerde Renk Stabilitesi ve Translusensi Parametresi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. NEU Dent J 2021;3(1):26-32.
  • Sagsoz O, Demirci T, Demirci G, Sagsoz NP, Yildiz M. The effects of different polishing techniques on the staining resistance of CAD/ CAM resin-ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2016;8(6):417-22.
  • Alshabib A, Algamaiah H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Material behavior of resin composites with and without fibers after extended water storage. Dent Mater J 2021;40(3):557-65.
  • Freitas F, Pinheiro de Melo T, Delgado AH, Monteiro P, Rua J, Proença L. Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites. J Func Biomater 2021;12(1):1.
  • Monterubbianesi R, Orsini G, Tosi G, Conti C, Librando V, Procaccini M. Spectroscopic and mechanical properties of a new generation of bulk fill composites. Front Physiol 2016;7:652.
  • Bagheri R, Burrow M, Tyas M. Surface characteristics of aesthetic restorative materials–an SEM study. J Oral Rehabil 2007;34(1):68-76.
  • Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Rest Dent 2015; 27:S1-9.
  • Marghalani HY. Effect of filler particles on surface roughness of experimental composite series. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18(1):59-67.
  • Candan M, Ünal M. The effect of various asthma medications on surface roughness of pediatric dental restorative materials: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech 2021;84(2):271-83.
  • Oliveira L, Dos Santos P, Ramos F, Moda M, Briso A, Fagundes T. Wear, roughness and microhardness analyses of single increment restorative materials submitted to different challenges in vitro. Eur Arch Paediatr. Dent 2021;22(2):247-55.
  • O’Neill C, Kreplak L, Rueggeberg FA, Labrie D, Shimokawa CAK, Price RB. Effect of tooth brushing on gloss retention and surface roughness of five bulk-fill resin composites.. J Esthet Restor Dent 2018;30(1):59-69.
  • Granat M, Cieloszyk J, Kowalska U, Buczkowska-Radlińska J, Łagocka R. Surface Geometry of Four Conventional Nanohybrid Resin-Based Composites and Four Regular Viscosity Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composites after Two-Step Polishing Procedure. Bio Med Res Int 2020;12:6203053.
  • Rigo LC, Bordin D, Fardin VP, Coelho PG, Bromage TG, Reis A. Influence of Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Flowable and Regular-Viscosity Bulk Fill Composites. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent 2018; 38(4):e79–e86.
  • Bucuta S, Ilie N. Light transmittance and micro-mechanical properties of bulk fill vs. conventional resin based composites. Clin Oral Invest 2014;18(8):1991-2000.
  • Ergücü Z, Türkün L. Surface roughness of novel resin composites polished with onestep systems. Oper Dent 2007;32(2):185-92.
  • Marghalani HY. Effect of finishing/polishing systems on the surface roughness of novel posterior composites. J Esthet Restor. Dent 2010;22(2):127-38.
  • Paolone G, Moratti E, Goracci C, Gherlone E, Vichi A. Effect of Finishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Gloss of Full- Body Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Materials 2020;13(24):56-7.
  • Naz F, Khan AS, Kader MA, Al Gelban LOS, Mousa NMA, Asiri RSH. Comparative evaluation of mechanical and physical properties of a new bulk-fill alkasite with conventional restorative materials. Saudi Dent J 2020. 2021 Nov;33(7):666-73.
  • Setty A, Nagesh J, Marigowda JC, Kumar SA, Paluvary SK, Ashwathappa GS . Comparative evaluation of surface roughness of novel resin composite Cention N with Filtek Z350 XT: In vitro study. Int J Oral Care Res 2019;7(1):15.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND COLOUR STABILITY OF ALKASITE , DUAL-CURE AND BULK-FILLER COMPOSITES

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 17 - 30, 30.04.2025

Digdem Eren , Pelin Sönmez , Büşra Çınar

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the surface roughness of four different restorative materials and assess the impact of this roughness on color stability.
Methods and Methods: For the study, we utilized four distinct restorative materials: an alkasite, a nanohybrid composite resin, a dual-cure bulk-fill composite resin, and a posterior bulk-fill composite resin. Following immersion in a coffee solution for a duration of 28 days, the color changes of all samples were assessed at five distinct time intervals. Surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated using a conventional profilometer. Additionally, surface analyses were conducted for one sample from each group utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Results: Upon examining the ΔE values at the conclusion of the 28-day period, significant differences among the groups were observed. Cention N exhibited the greatest color change, while Fill-Up demonstrated the least. Notably, the surface roughness values differed significantly among the groups (p<0.05). Within the polished groups, Cention N exhibited the highest Ra value, while Filtek One Bulk Fill presented the lowest Ra value. In the samples finished with Mylar strip, Fill-Up showed the highest Ra value and Z 550 showed the lowest Ra value.
Conclusion: No linear correlation was identified between the surface roughness and the discoloration of the composite resins. When using acid neutralising ion-releasing alkasite composites, their disadvantage in terms of colouration should be taken into account.

Keywords

Alkasite composite discoloration surface roughness

Project Number

DİŞ-236

References

  • Puckett AD, Fitchie JG, Kirk PC, Gamblin J. Direct composite restorative materials. Dent Clin N Am 2007;51(3):659-75.
  • Gaintantzopoulou M, Kakaboura A, Vougiouklakis G. Colour stability of tooth-coloured restorative materials. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2005;13(2):51-6.
  • Alrahlah A, Silikas N, Watts D. Post-cure depth of cure of bulk fill dental resincomposites. Dent Mater. 2014; 30(2):149-54.
  • Lima DM, Linhares TS, Lima SNL, Carvalho EM, Loguercio AD, Bauer J. Effect of sonic application of self-adhesive resin cements on push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin. Materials 2019;12(12):1930.
  • Nascimento AS, Lima DB, Fook MVL, Albuquerque MSd, Lima EAd, Sabino MA. Physicomechanical characterization and biological evaluation of bulk-fill composite resin. Braz Oral Res 2018;25(32):e107.
  • Vandewalker JP, Casey JA, Lincoln TA, Vandewalle KS. Properties of dual-cure, bulkfill composite resin restorative materials. Gen Dent 2016;64(2):68-73.
  • Wang R, Liu H, Wang Y. Different depthrelated polymerization kinetics of dualcure, bulk-fill composites. Dent Mater 2019;35(8):1095-103.
  • Tiskaya M, Al-Eesa N, Wong F, Hill R. Characterization of the bioactivity of two commercial composites. Dent Mater. 2019;35(12):1757-68.
  • Dodiya PV, Parekh V, Gupta MS, Patel N, Shah M, Tatu S. Clinical evaluation of Cention–N and nano hybrid composite resin as a restoration of non-carious cervical lesion. J Dent Spec 2019;7(1):3-5.
  • Justen M, Scheck D, Aldrighi E, Münchow EA, Jardim JJ. Is Cention-N comparable to other direct dental restorative materials? A systematic review with network metaanalysis of in vitro studies. Dent Mater 2024:40:1341-52.
  • Bagheri R, Burrow M, Tyas M. Influence of food-simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restorative materials. J Dent 2005;33(5):389- 98.
  • Mundim FM, Garcia LdFR, Cruvinel DR, Lima FA, Bachmann L, Pires-de FdCP. Color stability, opacity and degree of conversion of pre-heated composites. J Dent 2011;39:e25-e29.
  • Erdemir U, Yıldız E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on color stability of nanofilled and microhybrid composites after long-term immersion. J Dent 2012;40:e55-e63.
  • Verran J, Rowe DL, Cole D, Boyd RD. The use of the atomic force microscope to visualise and measure wear of food contact surfaces. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2000;46(2):99- 105.
  • Ho DK, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Angelov N, Paravina RD. Color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva: a prospective clinical study. Sci Repo 2015;5:18498.
  • Langsten RE, Dunn WJ, Hartup GR, Murchison DF. Higher-concentration carbamide peroxide effects on surface roughness of composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002;14(2):92-6.
  • Villalta P, Lu H, Okte Z, Garcia-Godoy F, Powers JM. Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;95(2):137-42.
  • Gönülol N, Yılmaz F. The effects of finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness and color stability of nanocomposites. J Dent. 2012;40:e64-e70.
  • Kroeze H, Plasschaert A, Van’t Hof M, Truin G. Prevalence and need for replacement of amalgam and composite restorations in Dutch adults. J Dent Res. 1990; 69(6):1270-4.
  • Ardu S, Duc O, Di Bella E, Krejci I, Daher R. Color stability of different composite resins after polishing. Odontology. 2018;106(3):328-33.
  • Alawjali SS, Lui J. Effect of one-step polishing system on the color stability of nanocomposites. J Dent. 2013;41:e53-e61.
  • Mair L. Staining of in vivo subsurface degradation in dental composites with silver nitrate. J Dent Res 1991; 70(3):215-20.
  • Backes CN, França FMG, Turssi CP, Amaral FLBd, Basting RT. Color stability of a bulkfill composite resin light-cured at different distances. Brazil Oral Res 2020; 30(34):e119.
  • Bansal K, Acharya SR, Saraswathi V. Effect of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages on color stability and surface roughness of resin composites: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2012;15(3):283.
  • Öztürk E, Güder G. Correlation between three-dimentional surface topography and color stability of different nanofilled composites. Scanning 2015;37(6):438-45.
  • Majeti C, Ravi R, Kambhampati B, Borugadda R, Athkuri S, Kakani AK. Evaluation of the color stability of two different posterior tooth colored restorative materials. F1000Research 2020; 9:1251.
  • Lee Y-K, Powers JM. Combined effect of staining substances on the discoloration of esthetic Class V dental restorative materials. Journal of Materials Science: Mater Med 2007;18(1):165-70.
  • Gonulol N, Ozer S, Sen Tunc E. Water sorption, solubility, and color stability of giomer restoratives. J Esthet Restor Dent 2015; 27(5):300-6.
  • Park C, Hyun S, Lee J, Seol H, Kim H, Kwon Y. Evaluation of polymerization in fluoridecontaining composite resins. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007;18(8):1549-56.
  • François P, Remadi A, Le Goff S, Abdel- Gawad S, Attal J-P, Dursun E. Flexural properties and dentin adhesion in recently developed self-adhesive bulk-fill materials. J Oral Sci 2021; 63(2):139-44.
  • Amalavathy RK, Sahoo HS, Shivanna S, Lingaraj J, Aravinthan. Staining effect of various beverages on and surface nanohardness of a resin coated and a non-coated fluoride releasing tooth-coloured restorative material: An in-vitro study. Heliyon. 2020; 6(6):e04345.
  • Van Buren JP, Robinson WB. Formation of complexes between protein and tannic acid. J Agric Food Chem 1969; 17(4):772-7.
  • Garoushi S, Vallittu PK , Lassila L. Characterization of fluoride releasing restorative dental materials. Dent Mater J 2018;2017-161.
  • Abu-bakr N, Han L, Okamoto A, Iwaku M. Changes in the mechanical properties and surface texture of compomer immersed in various media. J Prosthet Dent 2000; 84(4):444-52.
  • Reis AF, Giannini M, Lovadino JR, Ambrosano GM. Effects of various finishing systems on the surface roughness and staining susceptibility of packable composite resins. Dent Mater 2003; 19(1):12-8.
  • Gömeç Y, Dorter C, Ersev H, Efes BG, Yildiz E. Effects of dietary acids on surface microhardness of various tooth-colored restoratives. Dent Mater J 2004; 23(3):429- 35.
  • Fidan M, Yeşilirmak N, Tuncdemir MT. Kahve ile Renklendirmenin Kompozit Rezinlerde Renk Stabilitesi ve Translusensi Parametresi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. NEU Dent J 2021;3(1):26-32.
  • Sagsoz O, Demirci T, Demirci G, Sagsoz NP, Yildiz M. The effects of different polishing techniques on the staining resistance of CAD/ CAM resin-ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2016;8(6):417-22.
  • Alshabib A, Algamaiah H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Material behavior of resin composites with and without fibers after extended water storage. Dent Mater J 2021;40(3):557-65.
  • Freitas F, Pinheiro de Melo T, Delgado AH, Monteiro P, Rua J, Proença L. Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites. J Func Biomater 2021;12(1):1.
  • Monterubbianesi R, Orsini G, Tosi G, Conti C, Librando V, Procaccini M. Spectroscopic and mechanical properties of a new generation of bulk fill composites. Front Physiol 2016;7:652.
  • Bagheri R, Burrow M, Tyas M. Surface characteristics of aesthetic restorative materials–an SEM study. J Oral Rehabil 2007;34(1):68-76.
  • Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Rest Dent 2015; 27:S1-9.
  • Marghalani HY. Effect of filler particles on surface roughness of experimental composite series. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18(1):59-67.
  • Candan M, Ünal M. The effect of various asthma medications on surface roughness of pediatric dental restorative materials: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech 2021;84(2):271-83.
  • Oliveira L, Dos Santos P, Ramos F, Moda M, Briso A, Fagundes T. Wear, roughness and microhardness analyses of single increment restorative materials submitted to different challenges in vitro. Eur Arch Paediatr. Dent 2021;22(2):247-55.
  • O’Neill C, Kreplak L, Rueggeberg FA, Labrie D, Shimokawa CAK, Price RB. Effect of tooth brushing on gloss retention and surface roughness of five bulk-fill resin composites.. J Esthet Restor Dent 2018;30(1):59-69.
  • Granat M, Cieloszyk J, Kowalska U, Buczkowska-Radlińska J, Łagocka R. Surface Geometry of Four Conventional Nanohybrid Resin-Based Composites and Four Regular Viscosity Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composites after Two-Step Polishing Procedure. Bio Med Res Int 2020;12:6203053.
  • Rigo LC, Bordin D, Fardin VP, Coelho PG, Bromage TG, Reis A. Influence of Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Flowable and Regular-Viscosity Bulk Fill Composites. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent 2018; 38(4):e79–e86.
  • Bucuta S, Ilie N. Light transmittance and micro-mechanical properties of bulk fill vs. conventional resin based composites. Clin Oral Invest 2014;18(8):1991-2000.
  • Ergücü Z, Türkün L. Surface roughness of novel resin composites polished with onestep systems. Oper Dent 2007;32(2):185-92.
  • Marghalani HY. Effect of finishing/polishing systems on the surface roughness of novel posterior composites. J Esthet Restor. Dent 2010;22(2):127-38.
  • Paolone G, Moratti E, Goracci C, Gherlone E, Vichi A. Effect of Finishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Gloss of Full- Body Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Materials 2020;13(24):56-7.
  • Naz F, Khan AS, Kader MA, Al Gelban LOS, Mousa NMA, Asiri RSH. Comparative evaluation of mechanical and physical properties of a new bulk-fill alkasite with conventional restorative materials. Saudi Dent J 2020. 2021 Nov;33(7):666-73.
  • Setty A, Nagesh J, Marigowda JC, Kumar SA, Paluvary SK, Ashwathappa GS . Comparative evaluation of surface roughness of novel resin composite Cention N with Filtek Z350 XT: In vitro study. Int J Oral Care Res 2019;7(1):15.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Restorative Dentistry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Digdem Eren 0000-0001-8004-7762

Pelin Sönmez 0000-0003-1235-0262

Büşra Çınar 0000-0002-5129-8631

Project Number DİŞ-236
Publication Date April 30, 2025
Submission Date February 11, 2025
Acceptance Date March 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Eren D, Sönmez P, Çınar B. The Relationship Between Surface Roughness And Colour Stability Of Alkasite , Dual-Cure And Bulk-Filler Composites. Aydin Dental Journal. 2025;11(1):17-30.
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