Universal Basic Income: A Comprehensive Analysis in Light of Theories, Consensuses, and Case Studies
Abstract
In response to technological disruption and evolving employment patterns, Universal Basic Income has emerged as a compelling policy alternative, which this article critically examines. In today's world where traditional social security systems prove inadequate, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Universal Basic Income as a radical reform proposal. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of Universal Basic Income in areas such as poverty, unemployment, health, income distribution and social welfare, its theoretical background and approaches of different schools of economic thought, implementation results and comparative analysis of these results. The research employs qualitative methodology, utilizing literature review and multiple case study analysis. The data collection process involved examining academic articles, official reports, books and research institution websites. The originality of the study lies in its holistic approach to Universal Basic Income, examining it both at the theoretical level (liberalism, neoliberalism, Keynesian theory, central planning, and Neo-Marxism) and through practical implementations (cases of Finland, India, and Kenya). Furthermore, it determines the concept's position within global economic policies by analysing economic policy approaches including the Washington Consensus, Post-Washington Consensus, Beijing Consensus, Barcelona Consensus, and Cornwall Consensus. Research findings indicate that Universal Basic Income has the potential to improve welfare and quality of life in high-income countries while providing broader economic and social benefits in low and middle-income countries. This study contributes to the Universal Basic Income literature by providing a comparative analysis of different theoretical approaches and implementation examples, establishing a comprehensive framework for future research.
Keywords
References
- Acemoğlu, D. (2020). Robots and jobs: Evidence from US labor markets. Journal of Political Economy, 128 (6).
- Beck, S. (2015). Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brännström & Miguel San Sebastián Basic income – healthy outcome? Effects on health of an Indian basic income pilot project: a cluster randomised trial. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 7(1), 111-126.
- Bidadanure, J. U. (2019). The Political Theory of Universal Basic Income. The Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 481-501.
- Davala, S. (2019). Exploring the Basic Income Guarantee. In M. Torry (Ed.), The Palgrave International Handbook of Basic Income. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dawes, S. (2018). Liberalism and Neoliberalism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. Hal Open Science.
- Engels, F. (1844). Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy. German-French Annals. (Original work published 1843)
- Gilpin, R. (1987). The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton University Press.
- Hardin, R. (1999). Liberalism, Constitutionalism and Democracy. Oxford University Press.
- Harris, N. (2023). Critical Theory and Universal Basic Income. Critical Sociology, 49 (7-8), 1141-1156.
- Hobbes, T. (1909). Leviathan. Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1651)
- Houshofer, J. (2016). The Short Term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers to the Poor: Experimental Evidence from Kenya. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1973-2042.
- Houshofer, J. (2018). The Long Term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers: Experimental Evidence from Kenya. Princeton University and Busara Center for Behavioral Economics.
- Kandiyalı, J. (2022). Marx, Communism, and Basic Income. Social Theory and Practice, 48(4), 647-664.
- Kangas, O., Jauhiainen, S., Simanainen, M., & Ylikännö, M. (Eds.). (2019). The Basic Income Experiment 2017-2018 in Finland. Preliminary results. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
- Keynes, J. M. (2002). The Economic Consequences of the Peace. (Original work published 1919)
- Kleiner, D. (2018). Universal Basic Income is a neoliberal plot to make you poorer. In G. Lovink, I. Gloerich, & P. De Vries (Eds.), MoneyLab Reader 2: Overcoming the Hype. Institute of Network Cultures.
- Locke, J. (1823). Two Treaties of Government. In The Works of John Locke (Vol. 5). Thomas Tegg.
- Mill, J. S. (2017). On Liberty. (Original work published 1859)
- Moseykin, Yu. N. (2022). Latin America: From the "Washington" to the "Cornwall сonsensus". Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 22 (3).
- Newmann, W. W. (2016). A Brief Introduction to Theories of International Political Economy. Genocide Studies International, 10 (1), 7-26.
- Nugroho, W. S. (2018). Role of the State and Walfare State: From Commons, Keynes to Esping-Andersen. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 19 (2), 101-115.
- Ramo, J. C. (2004). The Beijing Consensus: Notes on the New Physics of Chinese Power. The Foreign Policy Center.
- Risager, B. S. (2016). Neoliberalism is a Political Project. Jacobin.
- Sculos, B. W. (2019). Changing Lives and Minds: Progress, Strategy, and Universal Basic Income. New Political Science, 41 (2), 234-247.
- Serra, N., & Stiglitz, J. A. (Eds.). (2008). The Washington Consensus Reconsidered. Oxford University Press.
- Smith, A. (2005). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The Electronic Classics Series. (Original work published 1779)
- Therborn, G. (1986). Karl Marx Returning: The Welfare State and Neo-Marxist, Corporatist and Statist Theories. International Political Science Review, 7 (2), 131-164.
- Van Parijs, P. (2017). Basic income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy. Harvard University Press.
- Zwolinsky, M. (2011). Classical Liberalism and the Basic Income. Basic Income Studies: An International Journal of Basic Income Research, 6 (2).
Vatandaşlık Geliri: Teoriler, Konsensüsler ve Uygulama Örnekleri Işığında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz
Abstract
Teknolojik gelişmeler ve değişen istihdam yapısı karşısında alternatif bir sosyal politika aracı olarak öne çıkan Vatandaşlık Geliri kavramı bu makalenin odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Geleneksel sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin yetersiz kaldığı günümüzde, radikal bir reform önerisi olan Vatandaşlık Gelirinin kapsamlı bir analizi hedeflenmektedir. Makale Vatandaşlık Gelirinin yoksulluk, işsizlik, sağlık, gelir dağılımı ve sosyal refah alanlarındaki etkinliğini, teorik arka planını ve farklı ekonomik düşünce okullarının yaklaşımlarını, Finlandiya, Hindistan ve Kenya'daki uygulama sonuçlarını ve bu sonuçların karşılaştırmalı analizini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma nitel yöntem kullanılarak literatür taraması ve çoklu vaka analizi yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde akademik makaleler, resmi raporlar, kitaplar ve araştırma kuruluşlarının web siteleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın orijinalliği Vatandaşlık Gelirini hem teorik düzeyde (liberalizm, neoliberalizm, Keynesyen teori, merkezi planlama ve Neo-Marksizm) hem de pratik uygulamalar açısından bütüncül bir perspektifle ele almasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca Washington Konsensüsü, Post-Washington Konsensüsü, Pekin Konsensüsü, Barselona Konsensüsü ve Cornwall Konsensüsü gibi ekonomik politika yaklaşımlarının analizi ile kavramın küresel ekonomi politikaları içindeki konumunu belirlemektedir. Araştırma sonuçları Vatandaşlık Gelirinin yüksek gelirli ülkelerde refah ve yaşam kalitesini artırma, düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde ise daha geniş kapsamlı ekonomik ve sosyal faydalar sağlama potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma Vatandaşlık Geliri literatürüne farklı teorik yaklaşımların ve uygulama örneklerinin karşılaştırmalı analizini sunarak katkıda bulunmakta ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için kapsamlı bir çerçeve oluşturmaktadır.
References
- Acemoğlu, D. (2020). Robots and jobs: Evidence from US labor markets. Journal of Political Economy, 128 (6).
- Beck, S. (2015). Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brännström & Miguel San Sebastián Basic income – healthy outcome? Effects on health of an Indian basic income pilot project: a cluster randomised trial. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 7(1), 111-126.
- Bidadanure, J. U. (2019). The Political Theory of Universal Basic Income. The Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 481-501.
- Davala, S. (2019). Exploring the Basic Income Guarantee. In M. Torry (Ed.), The Palgrave International Handbook of Basic Income. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dawes, S. (2018). Liberalism and Neoliberalism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. Hal Open Science.
- Engels, F. (1844). Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy. German-French Annals. (Original work published 1843)
- Gilpin, R. (1987). The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton University Press.
- Hardin, R. (1999). Liberalism, Constitutionalism and Democracy. Oxford University Press.
- Harris, N. (2023). Critical Theory and Universal Basic Income. Critical Sociology, 49 (7-8), 1141-1156.
- Hobbes, T. (1909). Leviathan. Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1651)
- Houshofer, J. (2016). The Short Term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers to the Poor: Experimental Evidence from Kenya. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1973-2042.
- Houshofer, J. (2018). The Long Term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers: Experimental Evidence from Kenya. Princeton University and Busara Center for Behavioral Economics.
- Kandiyalı, J. (2022). Marx, Communism, and Basic Income. Social Theory and Practice, 48(4), 647-664.
- Kangas, O., Jauhiainen, S., Simanainen, M., & Ylikännö, M. (Eds.). (2019). The Basic Income Experiment 2017-2018 in Finland. Preliminary results. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
- Keynes, J. M. (2002). The Economic Consequences of the Peace. (Original work published 1919)
- Kleiner, D. (2018). Universal Basic Income is a neoliberal plot to make you poorer. In G. Lovink, I. Gloerich, & P. De Vries (Eds.), MoneyLab Reader 2: Overcoming the Hype. Institute of Network Cultures.
- Locke, J. (1823). Two Treaties of Government. In The Works of John Locke (Vol. 5). Thomas Tegg.
- Mill, J. S. (2017). On Liberty. (Original work published 1859)
- Moseykin, Yu. N. (2022). Latin America: From the "Washington" to the "Cornwall сonsensus". Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 22 (3).
- Newmann, W. W. (2016). A Brief Introduction to Theories of International Political Economy. Genocide Studies International, 10 (1), 7-26.
- Nugroho, W. S. (2018). Role of the State and Walfare State: From Commons, Keynes to Esping-Andersen. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 19 (2), 101-115.
- Ramo, J. C. (2004). The Beijing Consensus: Notes on the New Physics of Chinese Power. The Foreign Policy Center.
- Risager, B. S. (2016). Neoliberalism is a Political Project. Jacobin.
- Sculos, B. W. (2019). Changing Lives and Minds: Progress, Strategy, and Universal Basic Income. New Political Science, 41 (2), 234-247.
- Serra, N., & Stiglitz, J. A. (Eds.). (2008). The Washington Consensus Reconsidered. Oxford University Press.
- Smith, A. (2005). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The Electronic Classics Series. (Original work published 1779)
- Therborn, G. (1986). Karl Marx Returning: The Welfare State and Neo-Marxist, Corporatist and Statist Theories. International Political Science Review, 7 (2), 131-164.
- Van Parijs, P. (2017). Basic income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy. Harvard University Press.
- Zwolinsky, M. (2011). Classical Liberalism and the Basic Income. Basic Income Studies: An International Journal of Basic Income Research, 6 (2).
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Growth, Development Economics |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | October 20, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | December 16, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 |
