WRITING GUIDE

The articles to be sent to the journal must be written in accordance with the “Article Template”. When creating an article by using the Article Template, the authors are recommended to take advantage of the ‘Styles’ chapter on the Entry tab.

To download the Article Template Click here.

A. STYLISTIC FEATURES OF THE ARTICLE

1. PAGE STRUCTURE: The top, left, right and bottom margins of the page must be set at 2.5 cm. The articles must be written on a PC in MS Word.doc format. The letters must be size 11 in Times New Roman font with a line spacing of 1.25 and the paragraph space must be 6 nk and the first line indent must be set at 1.25 cm. There must not be any bold characters in the text, including the tables and figures.

2. TITLE OF THE ARTICLE: Considering that readers get their first impressions of an article from its title, it is crucial that the title completely reflects the purpose and limits of the article. In this regard, the title of the article must not be too long, i.e. it must not exceed 10 words. The title of the article must be left-aligned and it must be written with bold, size 16 letters in Times New Roman font (only the first word of the title and proper names must be capitalized).    If the article is written in Turkish, then a second title must be written in English and vice versa. Of this second article, only the first letter of the first word must be capitalized (with the exception of proper nouns). The title must also be left-aligned and written with size 14 letters in Times New Roman font. The top and bottom paragraph spaces must be adjusted as 6 nk.  After the first title, the name of the author, which is only to be included on an article that is approved to be published, must not include any titles. It must also be left-aligned and written with normal size 12 letters in Times New Roman font and the organization and ORCID information of the author(s) must be specified as a left-aligned footnote in normal size 9 letters in Times New Roman font. A contact/responsible author of the article must be identified and their e-mail address must be written left-aligned in size 9 letters under the first page as it is shown on the template.

3. ABSTRACT: The article must have an abstract written both in Turkish and English. As is known, an abstract leaves out the trivial details of an article and features the subject, purpose, method, tool(s) and techniques of data collection, type of analysis and findings or results of the study. Therefore, the abstract must include the purpose, sources of data, findings and results of the article. The abstract must not exceed 150 words. Abstracts must be single paragraph texts written in size 10 letters in italics and Times New Roman font. Only the Abstract titles must be written in bold and italics before the abstract text; there must also be five keywords. 

4. KEYWORDS: Keywords allow easier accessibility in index and abstract databases that include published articles. Keywords must be accurate in order to obtain more rational results from database searches. The geographical area/region, where the study was conducted, must be indicated at the end. 5 keywords must be provided.

5. TEXT TITLES:  The titles which are to be used in the article must be left aligned and written with size 11 letters in Times New Roman font. Their first letter must be capitalized; the paragraph indent must be 1.25 cm and the top and bottom spaces must be 6 nk. The titles, including the chapters of Introduction and Conclusion, must be stylized and numbered as shown in the template (The titles in the template and the explanations regarding the structural features of an article only serve as suggestions for authors). It is possible to use subtitles in compliance with the sub-targets / hypotheses of the study. The subtitles must be with a paragraph indent of 1.25 and their first letter must be capitalized. Since the ‘Styles’ chapter in the text template is also organized in line with the text template, the titles, tables, figures & photographs, paragraphs, notes and sources can be organized by making use of this chapter.

6. TEXT AREA: The text area must have a line spacing of 1.25, top and bottom spaces of 6 nk and be aligned on both sides; it must be written with size 11 letters in Times New Roman font and the paragraph indent must be 1.25 cm for the first line only.

7. FIGURES AND TABLES: Records of figures, maps and photographs in the article must be in high definition that is appropriate for a high quality print; they must be properly positioned in the article text and their original copies must also be sent along with the article during the printing stage. Each and every map, table, chart, photograph, graphic or figure that are used, must be referenced in the text. Table titles must be written over and the table sources must be given under the tables. Tables must be structured as shown on the template and there must not be any kind of vertical lines, coloring or shading. Tables cannot include any bold characters. Only the first letter of the definitions of tables and figures is to be capitalized; all others letters must be lowercase. The same rule applies for the texts within tables. All tables must be named as ‘Table’; all graphics, maps and drawings must be named as ‘Figure’ and all photographs must be named as ‘Photo’. The names of figures and photographs (including definitions) must be given under the related figures or photographs. Names of all figures, tables and photographs must be written with size 9 letters Times New Roman font and there must be a full stop after each number. Figures, tables and photographs must be center aligned. The texts and source texts of figures, tables and photographs must be aligned with the starting point of the image. 

8. NOTES: If a ‘Notes’ chapter will be included: Here, the authors must give their footnotes under the title of ‘Notes’ before references and acknowledgements chapters (if there is one). Notes must not have any line indents and they must be written with size 9 letters in Times New Roman font. 

9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: If an ‘Acknowledgements’ chapter will be included: In this chapter, author(s) can thank the people who have helped them while conducting their study; the individuals, institutions or organizations who have contributed with financial assistance or the individuals, institutions or organizations who have let them use their data. This note must be located at the end of the text of the study but before the references chapter.

10. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Please specify each author's contributions to the preparation of the study according to the contribution categories listed below. Clarify the roles of the authors by filling in the relevant sections. If there are any types of contributions different from those listed, please specify them as well. This information will be published at the end of the article.

Author Name	Types of Contribution (Multiple entries may apply)
Name and Surname	Research Design, Data Collection, Analysis, Methodology, Writing, Editing, Other (Please specify)
Name and Surname	Research Design, Data Collection, Analysis, Methodology, Writing, Editing, Other (Please specify)
Name and Surname	Research Design, Data Collection, Analysis, Methodology, Writing, Editing, Other (Please specify)

 11. CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The author(s) declare that there are no commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest in the preparation and publication of this study.

12. REFERENCES: The references and sources used in the study must be specified. The quotations must be given in quotation marks if the word count is less than 40. If the word count is more than 40, however, quotations must be given in a separate paragraph without any quotation marks and in size 10 normal letters followed by a full stop. After the indented paragraph, spaces on each side must be 2 cm.

NOTE: References within the text and bibliography must follow the rules given below and the bibliography must be listed in alphabetical order.

Only the studies that are mentioned in the text can be included in this chapter. This chapter must not include the names of any missing (mentioned in the text but not given as a reference) or extra (not mentioned in the text but given as a reference) sources. References must be listed in alphabetical order by the authors’ last names.  References must be compiled under this title and they must be written with size 9 letters in Times New Roman format. Finally, the second indent of each work must be 1.00 cm.  

TURKISH JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES 

Reference Style and Format

The Journal of Geographical Sciences adopts the APA (American Psychological Association) 6th Edition referencing style for in-text citations and bibliography.

For detailed information on APA 6th Edition, please refer to the following sources. At the end of this guide you will find a note on some of the differences in wording required for articles written in English.
-American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.

- http://www.apastyle.org/

Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references they provide. All references used in the article must be cited both in the text and listed under the references title at the end of the article. Citations must conform to the examples provided below. For sources not included in the examples, please refer directly to the APA website mentioned above.

In-Text Citations

References should be cited in the text by indicating the surname(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication in parentheses. When citing multiple sources, a semicolon (;) should be used between references. References should be ordered alphabetically.

Examples:
Multiple authors: (Çiçek et al., 2004; Özgür, 2018)

Single author:(Karabacak, 2021)

Two authors:(Bayar & Karabacak, 2017, p. 70)

Three to five authors:
First citation: (Türkoğlu, Çalışkan, Çiçek & Yılmaz, 2012, pp. 933–934),
Subsequent citations: (Türkoğlu et al., 2012)
Six or more authors: (Türkoğlu et al., 2012)

Referencing in the References Section
All references used should be given in a separate section at the end of the text in alphabetical order according to the surnames of the authors without numbering.
Examples of writing references are given below.

Book
a) Turkish Book
Özçağlar, A. (2015). Yönetsel geography (2.bs). Ankara: Nika Publications.
b) Book Translated into Turkish
Bazin, M., De Tapia, S. (2015). Türkiye coğrafyası (A. N. Kocasu, trans.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
c) Edited Book
Özgen, N., Kahyaoğlu, M. (Ed.). (2019). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
d) Turkish Book with Multiple Authors
Tümertekin, E., Özgüç, N. (2019). Beşeri coğrafya / insan, kültür, mekan. İstanbul: Çantay Kitabevi.
e) English Book
Harvey, D. (1973). Social justice and the city. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
f) Chapter in an English Book
Dogan, U., Yesilyurt, S. (2019). Gypsum karst landscape in the Sivas Basin. In C. Kuzucuoğlu, A. Çiner, N. Kazancı, (Eds.) Landscapes and landforms of Turkey (pp. 197-206). Springer Nature Switzerland: Springer
g) Chapter in Turkish Book
Somuncu, M. (2016).İklim değişikliğinin dünya ve Türkiye turizmine etkileri. M. Somuncu (Ed.), In. Küresel iklim değişikliği ve etkileri (pp.157-182). Ankara: Türkiye Çevre Vakfı.
h) Publication in which the Publisher and Author are Institutions
Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. (1974). Adlandırma ilkeleri. Ankara: Yazar.

Article
a) Article Written in Turkish
Güngördü, S. & Özgen, N. (2007). Katı atık emekçilerinin kentsel yoksulluk deneyimlerine ilişkin psikososyal yansımalar: Ankara örneği. Journal of Ankara Studies/Ankara Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2). 253-280. https://doi.org/10.5505/jas.2021.59389
b) Article Written in English
Bekaroğlu, E., & Barnes, T. (1999). Dictatorships and universities: The 1980 Turkish military coup d’état and Turkish geography. Political Geography, 91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102481
c) Article with More Than Seven Authors
Lal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184
d) Online Article without a DOI
Al, U. & Doğan, G. (2012). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü tezlerinin atıf analizi. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26, 349–369. Retrieved from: http://www.tk.org.tr/
e) Article with a DOI
Yavan, N., & Anlı, C. K. (2023). Tüketim mekânlarının ve üçüncü yerlerin analizinde yeni bir kavram ve çerçeve önerisi:“mekânyer”. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (84), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1308233
f) Article Published in Advance Online
Smith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867
g) Magazine Article
Semercioğlu, C. (2015, Haziran). Sıradanlığın rayihası. Sabit Fikir, 52, 38–39.

Thesis and Conference Presentation
Thesis
a) Turkish Theses
Deniz, A. (2018). Rusya-Türkiye göç sistemi: İstanbul'da karma evlilikler ve ulusaşırı pratikler. (Doctoral dissertation). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
b) Master’s or Doctoral Thesis Available in Commercial Databases
Van Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 9943436)
c) Master’s/Doctoral Thesis in Institutional Database
Yaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali
d) Master’s/Doctoral Thesis Available on the Web
Tonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/phd/ickapak.html
e) Master’s/Doctoral Thesis Listed in Dissertations Abstracts International
Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica¬tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.
f) Symposium Contribution
Karabacak, K. (2018, Ekim). Girne İlçesi’nde (KKTC) arazi örtüsü değişimi, TÜCAUM 30. Yıl Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu. 3-6 Ekim 2018, Ankara: Türkiye.
g) Abstract of a Conference Paper Accessed Online
Çınar, M., Doğan, D. & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2015, Şubat). Eğitimde dijital araçlar: Google sınıf uygulaması üzerine bir değerlendirme [Öz]. Akademik Bilişim Konferansında sunulan bildiri, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir. Retrieved from: http://ab2015.anadolu.edu.tr /index.php?menu=5&submenu=27
h) Regularly Published Online Conference Papers
Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., & Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105
i) Conference Papers Published as Books
Schneider, R. (2013). Research data literacy. S. Kurbanoğlu ve ark. (Ed.), Communications in Computer and Information Science: Vol. 397. Worldwide Communalities and Challenges in Information Literacy Research and Practice içinde (s. 134–140) . Cham, İsviçre: Springer.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03919-0
j) Symposium or Congress Paper
Zobu, Z., & Yılmaz, E. (2024, Ekim). Kayseri Şehri ve çevresinde yüzey sıcaklığı ile çeşitli faktörler arasındaki ilişkinin uydu görüntüleri ile incelenmesi. TÜCAUM 2024 Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu’nda sunulan bildiri, 404-422. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye.

Other References
a) Newspaper Article
Toker, Ç. (2015, 26 Haziran). ‘Unutma’ notları. Cumhuriyet, s. 13.
b) Online Newspaper Article
Alantor, Ö., & Yılmaz, H. S. (2025, 3 Ocak). Müzik tarihinde önemli yeri bulunan coğrafya: Anadolu. Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/muzik-tarihinde-onemli-yeri-bulunan-cografya-anadolu/3440789#
c) Web Page/Blog Post
Avrupa Çevre Ajansı (2025, 16 Temmuz). CORINE Land Cover 2006 (vector/raster 100 m), Europe, 6-yearly. European Environment Agency. Retrieved from: https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/corine-land-cover/clc-2006
Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/
d) Online Encyclopedia / Dictionary
Türk Dil Kurumu. (2025, 20 Nisan). Coğrafya. Retrieved from: https://sozluk.gov.tr/
Marcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/
e) Podcast
Radyo ODTÜ (Producer). (2015, 13 Nisan). Modern sabahlar [Podcast]. Retrieved from: http://www.radyoodtu.com.tr/
f) An Episode from a Television Series
Shore, D. (Scriptwriter), Jackson, M. (Scriptwriter) & Bookstaver, S. (Director). (2012). Runaways [Tv Series Episode]. D. Shore (Producer), House M.D. In. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.
g) Music
Say, F. (2009). Galata Tower. In. İstanbul symphony [CD]. İstanbul: Ak Müzik.
Note: Submissions that do not meet the above conditions will not be accepted and will be returned to the authors for correction if necessary. Authors are kindly requested to comply with the in-text citation and reference formatting rules stated above. Thank you.

                                          

Notes for the Articles Written in English

Turkish	English
Çev.	Trans.
ve	and
vd.	et al.
Aktaran	As cited in
İçinde	In
Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi	Unpublished Master’s Thesis
Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi	Unpublished Doctoral Thesis
Yayımlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi	Unpublished Expertise Thesis

13. EXTENDED ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH
The articles which have been approved are expected to have an extended abstract.The extended abstract should contain a minimum of 1500 words and a maximum of 1800 words. The extended abstract must cover all the chapters (Introduction, Method, Findings and Conclusion) of the study in general. These chapters must also be given under separate titles in the text. The references given in the text should be used in the English extended abstract as much as possible.

B. STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE ARTICLE (The instructions given here serve only as examples)

1. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this chapter is to make a general identification and analysis of the study. The readers should be provided with the purpose and subject of the study, its stages, chapters and ideas as well as the hypothetical framework on which the study is based upon. This chapter should have the answers to the questions of what the subject is, why the research was conducted, which chapters there are and what these chapters discuss. These questions may be related to purposes such as showing a problem, offering a solution to that problem and contributing to the literature in any field. This chapter may also include a literature review regarding the subject.

2. RELEVANT STUDIES: It may be given under introduction without necessarily reserving a separate title for it. Similar studies to the subject field of the article may be given in this chapter. As in the examples of ‘literature’ and ‘body of literature’, authors can name this chapter differently. This chapter briefly touches on which subjects were analyzed in the related studies under which methods and what kind of results have been obtained etc. In addition, it is important to mention the related studies in order to evaluate the contribution made by the article to the subject field.

3. MATERIALS AND METHOD: When starting this chapter, within the light of the descriptions thus far, the information related to the conducted study is presented in order to show the problems that exist or believed to exist as well as their solutions. Here, a complete description of the approach and the method to be used in the study is given. The reason for providing this information is to allow other researchers to repeat the same thing by making use of that method. This is why the method should be explained clearly for the sake of repeatability, which is the foundation of scientific knowledge. Here, the topics related to the features of the main body, the information collection technique, why this data collection technique is preferred and the pros and cons of the technique are all discussed. The study should explain in detail the subjects such as the development stages and content of the tool that was utilized for data collection. If the research was made by using one of the field research techniques; the chosen sampling technique and the reason for this choice should be explained with their reasons.

4. INTERPRETING THE ANALYSES AND FINDINGS: This chapter is where the main data of the study is analyzed. The analysis chapter only applies to the studies that are based on the collection of data. The articles of compilation (synopsis) generally do not have an analysis chapter. The explanations given here are generally related to the analysis of the data which is collected through field research techniques. The points such as the choice of the analysis type, statistical tests, confidence interval and the reason behind the choice of statistical tests etc. are explained in the introduction of the chapter. After these steps, it is time for interpreting the findings. In the chapter where the findings are interpreted; the analysis of the data and obtained results are given. Findings and research questions, in other words, the hypotheses are organized by assessment. The data is analyzed and interpreted in the light of hypotheses. The consistency of the findings and the hypothesis is assessed. The presentation can be achieved by making use of one or more from the methods of maps, tables, graphics or figures. The presentation of the results of statistical analysis is also included in this chapter. In the chapter of interpreting the analyses and findings, it would be appropriate to present the findings in single, double or multiple tables along with the results of statistical tests. In this way, it would be easier to comprehend the information regarding which test is used on which data. The chapter of interpreting the findings should be presented in two stages: The general information regarding the sampling (demographical data) and the information obtained from the research.  The information obtained from research could be presented in one or multiple stages in itself. However, the author should be careful not to use too many tables while trying to clarify their article. The tables should be combined when it is possible and the tables that are unrelated to the research purpose/question should be avoided altogether. Moreover, it is better to present the general information with a single table.

5. CONCLUSION: This is the chapter where the results obtained from the article are given in a nutshell and the generalizations are made when they are necessary. This chapter should start with a short repetition of the problem at hand, followed by a short summary of the obtained results (for empirical studies). The statements should be short and clear. Any other possible scientific contributions to the related literature can be also summarized in this chapter. The author may also include here the statements that can pave the way for future researchers in the field. The author may refer to the subjects that need to be looked into and the points to be considered for the benefit of potential researchers.