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SOIL STABILIZATION WITH LIME AND SAWDUST AND ITS NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 98 - 111, 25.06.2025

Mehmet İnanç Onur , Janvier Habonimana , Pınar Öztürk Kardoğan , Ahmet Erdağ , Fatih Karaçor

https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1579749

Abstract

Due to population growth and rapid industrialization, requirement for new construction sites and transportation routes is increasing worldwide every day. The use of waste materials in different engineering applications not only contributes to the economy of the country but also becomes a determinant in reducing the effects of environmental pollution. In this study, the suitability of the use of easily obtainable lime and sawdust is discussed for soil stabilization. In the laboratory research phase, the effects of the use of sawdust and lime were investigated on soil bearing capacity problems. Artificial neural network and regression analysis were carried out on the test results. As the conclusion of the study, it is suggested that the use of lime and sawdust is a low-cost and easy-to find alternative additives in soil stabilization. The study also highlights the environmental advantages of utilizing biodegradable and non-toxic materials in soil improvement techniques. Furthermore, the combination of mechanical testing and predictive modeling strengthens the reliability of the findings, offering a scientific basis for practical implementation.

Keywords

Soil Stabilization Lime Sawdust ANN Regression

References

  • [1] Boulanger R, Hayden R. Aspects of compaction grouting of liquefiable soil. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1995; 121(12): 844–855. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:12(844)
  • [2] Baker W. Embankment Foundation Densification by Compaction Grouting. Issues in Dam Grouting, 1985; p 104-122.
  • [3] Saleh S, Surajo I, Surajo M, Idris A, T&Umar A. Calcium carbide and wood ash as environmentally friendly soil stabilizers for enhanced subgrade performance. Archives of Advanced Engineering Science, 2025; 3(1): 22–28. https://doi.org/ 10.47852/bonviewAAES42022403
  • [4] Akinwunmi A, Agbude P. Stabilization of Lateritic Soil for Road Application Using Lime and Cow Bone Ash. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 2023;25 (6), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i6927
  • [5] Parayil A, Salini U. Stabilization of weak lateritic soil with sawdust ash and lime. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2024; 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-024-00980-z
  • [6] Fawaz A, Alhakim G, Jaber L. The stabilisation of clayey soil by using sawdust and sawdust ash. Environmental Technology, 2024; 45(26), 5712–5722. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2024.2304674
  • [7] Munirwan R, Taib A, M Taha, MR AbdRahman, N Munirwansyah. Utilization of coffee husk ash for soil stabilization: A systematic review. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2022; 128, 103252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2022.103252
  • [8] Orense R, P Morita, Y Ide M. Assessment and mitigation of liquefaction risk for existing building foundation. In ISRM International Symposium. ISRM, 2000
  • [9] Salley B, A Bradshaw J, G Neilson BJ. Results of comparative studies of preservation techniques for nutrient analysis of water samples, 1987
  • [10] Lunardi P. Ground improvement by means of jet-grouting. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, 1997; 1(2), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1680/gi.1997.010201
  • [11] Firoozi A, A Naji, M Dithinde, M Firoozi AA. A Review: Influence of Potential Nanomaterials for Civil Engineering Projects. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology- Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-020-00474-x
  • [12] Kirsch F, Sondermann W. Ground improvement and its numerical analysis. In International Conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, 2001; 1775-1778.
  • [13] Lebo Ž, Bačić M, Jurić-Kaćunić D, Kovačević MS. Zagreb clay improved with various binders. GRAĐEVINAR, 2021; 73(9), p 871-880. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.3300.2021
  • [14] Omine K, Ohno S. Deformation analysis of composite ground by homogenization method. Proc. Of 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1997; 719-722. [15] Pinto A, Tomásio R, Pita X, Pereira A. Ground Treatment Solutions using Jet Grouting, 2016; p 2112–2121. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412350.0186
  • [16] Çelik S, Majedi P, Akbulut S. Granular Soil Improvement by Using Polyester Grouts. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2019; 43(3), 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0203-3
  • [17] Badv K, Hoseinpour LJ. Treatment of Urmia Peat by Cement Kiln Dust. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2018: 42(4), 451–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0112-5
  • [18] Vukićević M, Pujević V, Marjanović M, Jocković S, Maraš-Dragojević S. Stabilization of fine-grained soils with fly ash, 2015; 67(8), p 761-770. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1281.2014
  • [19] Han J. Principles and Practice of Ground. New Jersey Wiley 2015.
  • [20] Bell A. Principles of Foundation Engineering: Treatment of Soils. Taylor & Francis London, 2000.
  • [21] Bell F. An assessment of cement-PFA and lime-PFA used to stabilize clay-size materials. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 1994; 49(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02594997
  • [22] Chang I, Im J, Prasidhi A, Cho G. Effects of Xanthan gum biopolymer on soil strengthening. Construction and Building Materials, 2015; 74, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.026
  • [23] Ghazavi M, Sakhi M. Influence of Optimized Tire Shreds on Shear Strength Parameters of Sand. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2005; 5(1), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2005)5:1(58)
  • [24] Harichane K, Ghrici M, Kenai S, Grine K. Use of Natural Pozzolana and Lime for Stabilization of Cohesive Soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2011; 29(5), 759–769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9415-z
  • [25] Little D. Handbook for stabilization of pavement subgrades and base courses with lime. National Lime Association, 1995; p 219.
  • [26] Zaimoglu A. Freezing-thawing behavior of fine-grained soils reinforced with polypropylene fibers. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2010; 60(1), 63–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.07.001
  • [27] Yarbaşi N, Kalkan E, Akbulut S. Modification of the geotechnical properties. as influenced by freeze-thaw. of granular soils with waste additives. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2007; 48(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.09.009
  • [28] Kalkan E. Utilization of red mud as a stabilization material for the preparation of clay liners. Engineering Geology, 2006; 87, 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.07.002
  • [29] Tanzadeh R, Vafaeian M, Fard MY. The influence of lime powder on the behaviour of clay soil, 2021; 73(9), p 907-915. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1871.2016
  • [30] Butt W, Gupta K, Jha J. Strength behavior of clayey soil stabilized with saw dust ash. International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 2016; 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-016-0032-9
  • [31] Khan S, Khan H. Improvement of mechanical properties by waste sawdust ash addition into soil. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016; 10(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3402
  • [32] Chowdhury S, Saha Das P. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling of adsorption of methylene blue by NaOH-modified rice husk in a fixed-bed column system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013; 20(2), 1050–1058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0912-2
  • [33] Shandilya P, Jain P, Jain N. RSM and ANN modeling approaches for predicting average cutting speed during WEDM of SiCp/6061 Al MMC, Procedia Engineering, 2013; 767–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.152
  • [34] Paulo DJ, Oliveira C, Cardoso A. Predicting the geometric form of clad in laser cladding by powder using multiple regression analysis Materials and Design, 2008; 29(2), 554–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.023
  • [35] Chakraborty A, Goswami D. Prediction of slope stability using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2017; 10(17), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3167-x

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 98 - 111, 25.06.2025

Mehmet İnanç Onur , Janvier Habonimana , Pınar Öztürk Kardoğan , Ahmet Erdağ , Fatih Karaçor

https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1579749

Abstract

References

  • [1] Boulanger R, Hayden R. Aspects of compaction grouting of liquefiable soil. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1995; 121(12): 844–855. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:12(844)
  • [2] Baker W. Embankment Foundation Densification by Compaction Grouting. Issues in Dam Grouting, 1985; p 104-122.
  • [3] Saleh S, Surajo I, Surajo M, Idris A, T&Umar A. Calcium carbide and wood ash as environmentally friendly soil stabilizers for enhanced subgrade performance. Archives of Advanced Engineering Science, 2025; 3(1): 22–28. https://doi.org/ 10.47852/bonviewAAES42022403
  • [4] Akinwunmi A, Agbude P. Stabilization of Lateritic Soil for Road Application Using Lime and Cow Bone Ash. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 2023;25 (6), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i6927
  • [5] Parayil A, Salini U. Stabilization of weak lateritic soil with sawdust ash and lime. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2024; 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-024-00980-z
  • [6] Fawaz A, Alhakim G, Jaber L. The stabilisation of clayey soil by using sawdust and sawdust ash. Environmental Technology, 2024; 45(26), 5712–5722. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2024.2304674
  • [7] Munirwan R, Taib A, M Taha, MR AbdRahman, N Munirwansyah. Utilization of coffee husk ash for soil stabilization: A systematic review. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2022; 128, 103252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2022.103252
  • [8] Orense R, P Morita, Y Ide M. Assessment and mitigation of liquefaction risk for existing building foundation. In ISRM International Symposium. ISRM, 2000
  • [9] Salley B, A Bradshaw J, G Neilson BJ. Results of comparative studies of preservation techniques for nutrient analysis of water samples, 1987
  • [10] Lunardi P. Ground improvement by means of jet-grouting. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, 1997; 1(2), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1680/gi.1997.010201
  • [11] Firoozi A, A Naji, M Dithinde, M Firoozi AA. A Review: Influence of Potential Nanomaterials for Civil Engineering Projects. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology- Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-020-00474-x
  • [12] Kirsch F, Sondermann W. Ground improvement and its numerical analysis. In International Conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, 2001; 1775-1778.
  • [13] Lebo Ž, Bačić M, Jurić-Kaćunić D, Kovačević MS. Zagreb clay improved with various binders. GRAĐEVINAR, 2021; 73(9), p 871-880. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.3300.2021
  • [14] Omine K, Ohno S. Deformation analysis of composite ground by homogenization method. Proc. Of 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1997; 719-722. [15] Pinto A, Tomásio R, Pita X, Pereira A. Ground Treatment Solutions using Jet Grouting, 2016; p 2112–2121. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412350.0186
  • [16] Çelik S, Majedi P, Akbulut S. Granular Soil Improvement by Using Polyester Grouts. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2019; 43(3), 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0203-3
  • [17] Badv K, Hoseinpour LJ. Treatment of Urmia Peat by Cement Kiln Dust. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2018: 42(4), 451–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0112-5
  • [18] Vukićević M, Pujević V, Marjanović M, Jocković S, Maraš-Dragojević S. Stabilization of fine-grained soils with fly ash, 2015; 67(8), p 761-770. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1281.2014
  • [19] Han J. Principles and Practice of Ground. New Jersey Wiley 2015.
  • [20] Bell A. Principles of Foundation Engineering: Treatment of Soils. Taylor & Francis London, 2000.
  • [21] Bell F. An assessment of cement-PFA and lime-PFA used to stabilize clay-size materials. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 1994; 49(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02594997
  • [22] Chang I, Im J, Prasidhi A, Cho G. Effects of Xanthan gum biopolymer on soil strengthening. Construction and Building Materials, 2015; 74, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.026
  • [23] Ghazavi M, Sakhi M. Influence of Optimized Tire Shreds on Shear Strength Parameters of Sand. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2005; 5(1), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2005)5:1(58)
  • [24] Harichane K, Ghrici M, Kenai S, Grine K. Use of Natural Pozzolana and Lime for Stabilization of Cohesive Soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2011; 29(5), 759–769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9415-z
  • [25] Little D. Handbook for stabilization of pavement subgrades and base courses with lime. National Lime Association, 1995; p 219.
  • [26] Zaimoglu A. Freezing-thawing behavior of fine-grained soils reinforced with polypropylene fibers. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2010; 60(1), 63–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.07.001
  • [27] Yarbaşi N, Kalkan E, Akbulut S. Modification of the geotechnical properties. as influenced by freeze-thaw. of granular soils with waste additives. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2007; 48(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.09.009
  • [28] Kalkan E. Utilization of red mud as a stabilization material for the preparation of clay liners. Engineering Geology, 2006; 87, 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.07.002
  • [29] Tanzadeh R, Vafaeian M, Fard MY. The influence of lime powder on the behaviour of clay soil, 2021; 73(9), p 907-915. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1871.2016
  • [30] Butt W, Gupta K, Jha J. Strength behavior of clayey soil stabilized with saw dust ash. International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 2016; 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-016-0032-9
  • [31] Khan S, Khan H. Improvement of mechanical properties by waste sawdust ash addition into soil. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016; 10(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.14525/JJCE.10.1.3402
  • [32] Chowdhury S, Saha Das P. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling of adsorption of methylene blue by NaOH-modified rice husk in a fixed-bed column system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013; 20(2), 1050–1058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0912-2
  • [33] Shandilya P, Jain P, Jain N. RSM and ANN modeling approaches for predicting average cutting speed during WEDM of SiCp/6061 Al MMC, Procedia Engineering, 2013; 767–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.152
  • [34] Paulo DJ, Oliveira C, Cardoso A. Predicting the geometric form of clad in laser cladding by powder using multiple regression analysis Materials and Design, 2008; 29(2), 554–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.023
  • [35] Chakraborty A, Goswami D. Prediction of slope stability using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2017; 10(17), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3167-x
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Geotechnical Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet İnanç Onur 0000-0002-2421-4471

Janvier Habonimana 0000-0002-8254-6087

Pınar Öztürk Kardoğan 0000-0002-5212-4318

Ahmet Erdağ 0000-0001-9380-9439

Fatih Karaçor 0000-0003-1201-7857

Publication Date June 25, 2025
Submission Date November 5, 2024
Acceptance Date April 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Onur Mİ, Habonimana J, Öztürk Kardoğan P, Erdağ A, Karaçor F. SOIL STABILIZATION WITH LIME AND SAWDUST AND ITS NUMERICAL ANALYSIS. Estuscience - Se. June 2025;26(2):98-111. doi:10.18038/estubtda.1579749