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Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 627 - 640, 30.06.2025

Ahmet Ünal

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1557933

Abstract

References

  • [1] A. Ünal, (2023), "Frequency selective diffractive optical element (FSDOE)", Proc. SPIE 12518, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XVII, 125180C; https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657048
  • [2] N. B. Mentesana, (2011), "Characterization of shielding effectiveness for metallic enclosures" Masters Theses. 4964. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/4964
  • [3] T. Grulois, G. Druart, N. Guérineau, A. Crastes, H. Sauer, and P. Chavel, (2014), "Extra-thin infrared camera for low-cost surveillance applications" Opt. Lett. 39, 3169-3172 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.003169
  • [4] S. Banerji, M. Meem, A. Majumder, F. G. Vasquez, B. S.-Rodriguez, and R. Menon, (2019), "Ultra-thin near infrared camera enabled by a flat multi-level diffractive lens" Opt. Lett. 44, 5450-5452
  • [5] W. Zhang, B. Zuo, S. Chen, H. Xiao, and Z. Fan, (2013), "Design of fixed correctors used in conformal optical system based on diffractive optical elements" Appl. Opt. 52, 461-466
  • [6] H.-J. Niu, J. Zhang, A-q. Yan, H.-b. Leng, J.-q. Fei, D.-s. Wu, J.-z. Cao, (2015), "Optical system design for wide-angle airborne mapping camera with diffractive optical element," Proc. SPIE 9449, The International Conference on Photonics and Optical Engineering (icPOE 2014), 94492N doi: 10.1117/12.2085042
  • [7] Y. Peng, Q. Fu, H. Amata, S. Su, F. Heide, and W. Heidrich, (2015), "Computational imaging using lightweight diffractive-refractive optics" Opt. Express 23, 31393-31407
  • [8] Y. Peng, (2018), “Computational Imaging with Diffractive Optics”, A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfıllment Of The Requirements For the Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy, The University of British Columbia April DOI : 10.14288/1.0365608
  • [9] Y. Peng, Q. Fu, F. Heide, W. Heidrich, (2016), “The Diffractive Achromat: Full Spectrum Computational Imaging with Diffractive Optics” ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 4, Article 31 (July 2016), https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925941
  • [10] P. Wang, N. Mohammad, & R. Menon, (2016), “Chromatic-aberration-corrected diffractive lenses for ultra-broadband focusing.” Sci Rep 6, 21545 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21545
  • [11] J. P. Mills, (2001), "Conformal optics: theory and practice" Proc. SPIE 4442, Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization IV, doi:10.1117/12.449962
  • [12] R. R. Shannon, (1999), "Overview of conformal optics," Proc. SPIE 3705, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VI, doi: 10.1117/12.354622
  • [13] M. Hinnrichs, B. Hinnrichs, E. McCutchen, (2017), "Infrared hyperspectral imaging miniaturized for UAV applications," Proc. SPIE 10177, Infrared Technology and Applications XLIII, 101770H doi: 10.1117/12.2262125
  • [14] A. Ünal, (2023), “Semi-active laser seeker design with combined diffractive optical element (CDOE)”. J Opt 52, 956–968 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-00954-5
  • [15] A. Ünal, (2023), “Laser seeker design with multi-focal diffractive lens”, Eng. Res. Express 5 045014, DOI 10.1088/2631-8695/ad0024
  • [16] T Ren, T Jiao, X. Ling, L. Hu, S. Zhu, (2020), "Design and analysis of distributed semi-active laser detection system," Proc. SPIE 11455, Sixth Symposium on Novel Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications, 114554O doi: 10.1117/12.2564981
  • [17] A. Ünal, (2024), “Dual mode, imaging infrared and semi-active laser, seeker design with squinted combined diffractive optical element”. J Opt https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-01657-9
  • [18] A. Ünal, (2024). Electro-optical system, imaging infrared and laser range finder, design with dual squinted combined lens for aerial targets. Journal of Optics (India), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-02057-9
  • [19] K. Qian, T. Li, J. Li, (2018), "Design of a semi-active laser/active radar/ infrared common aperture compound optical system," Proc. SPIE 10832, Fifth Conference on Frontiers in Optical Imaging Technology and Applications, 108321H doi: 10.1117/12.2511609
  • [20] Q. Huang, B. Lang, L. Xue, (2019), "Design of strapdown laser guided seeker," Proc. SPIE 11023, Fifth Symposium on Novel Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Application, 1102350 doi: 10.1117/12.2520601
  • [21] J. Barth, A. Fendt, R. Florian, W. Kieslich, (2007), "Dual-mode seeker with imaging sensor and semi-active laser detector," Proc. SPIE 6542, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII, 65423B doi: 10.1117/12.719571
  • [22] X. Zhang, Z. Yang, T. Sun, H. Yang, K. Han, B. Hu, (2017), "Optical system design with common aperture for mid-infrared and laser composite guidance," Proc. SPIE 10256, Second International Conference on Photonics and Optical Engineering, 102560S doi: 10.1117/12.2256433
  • [23] K. T. Jacoby, M. W. Pieratt, J. I. Halman, K. A. Ramsey, (2009), "Predicted and measured EMI shielding effectiveness of a metallic mesh coating on a sapphire window over a broad frequency range" Proc. SPIE 7302, window and Dome Technologies and Materials XI, 73020X doi: 10.1117/12.818200
  • [24] M. Yu, N. Xu, H. Liu, and J. Gao, (2014), “Infrared transparent frequency selective surface based on metallic meshes” AIP Advances 4, 027112 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4866292
  • [25] Z. Lu, J. Tan, J. Qi, Z. Fan, L. Zhang, (2011), “Modeling Fraunhofer diffractive characteristics for modulation transfer function analysis of tilted ring metallic mesh”, Optics Communications 284 3855–3861, doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2011.04.040
  • [26] A. A. Dewani, S. G. O’Keefe, D. V. Thiel, and A. Galehdar, (2015), “Optically transparent frequency selective surfaces on flexible thin plastic substrates”, AIP Advances 5, 027107 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907929
  • [27] Z. Lu, Y. Liu, H. Wang, Y. Zhang, and J. Tan, (2016), “Optically transparent frequency selective surface based on nested ring metallic mesh”, Vol. 24, No. 23 OPTICS EXPRESS 26109
  • [28] Y.-J. Sun, H. Chang, S.-h. Wu, Y.-B. Leng & L. Wang, (2015) “Study on Electromagnetic Shielding of Infrared /Visible Optical Window”, Modern Applied Science; Vol. 9, No. 13;, doi:10.5539/mas.v9n13p231
  • [29] A. Ünal, (2025), Numerical Fresnel models of Fresnel zone plates for plane wave at angle of incidence, Sci Rep 15, 9246 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92965-y
  • [30] D. Atwood, (2000) Soft X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet, Cambridge University Press,
  • [31] H. Jeong, H. Shin, S. Zhang, X. Li and S. Cho (2019), “Application of Fresnel Zone Plate Focused Beam to Optimized Sensor Design for Pulse-Echo Harmonic Generation Measurements”, Sensors 19, 1373; doi:10.3390/s19061373
  • [32] M. M. Greve, A. M. Vial, J. J. Stamnes, and B. Holst, (2013), "The Beynon Gabor zone plate: a new tool for de Broglie matter waves and hard X-rays? An off axis and focus intensity investigation," Opt. Express 21, 28483-28495
  • [33] H. Zhang, J. C. Li, D. W. Doerr, and D. R. Alexander, (2006), "Diffraction characteristics of a Fresnel zone plate illuminated by 10 fs laser pulses," Appl. Opt. 45, 8541-8546
  • [34] Y. Zhang, J. Chen, X. Yea, (2007), “Multilevel phase Fresnel zone plate lens as a near-field optical element”, Elsevier, Optics Communications 269 271–273, DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2006.08.006
  • [35] Y.-JuZhang, C.-W. Zheng, H.-C. Xiao, (2005), “Improving the resolution of a solid immersion lens optical system using a multiphase Fresnel zone plate”, Elsevier Optics & Laser Technology 37 444–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.07.011
  • [36] Z. Zhang, C. Guo, R. Wang, H. Hu, X. Zhou, T. Liu, D. Xue, X. Zhang, F. Zhang, and X. Zhang, (2017), "Hybrid-level Fresnel zone plate for diffraction efficiency enhancement," Opt. Express 25, 33676-33687, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.033676
  • [37] L. N. Hazra, Y. Han, C.A. Delisle, Kinoform lenses: (1995), “Sweatt model and phase function”, Optics Communications, Volume 117, Issues 1–2, Pages 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(95)00071-F
  • [38] L. Hazra and C. A. Delisle, (1997), "Higher order kinoform lenses: diffraction efficiency and aberrational properties," Optical Engineering 36(5), https://doi.org/10.1117/1.601375
  • [39] A. Ünal, (2024), “Analytical and numerical fresnel models of phase diffractive optical elements for imaging applications.”, Opt Quant Electron 56, 960 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06906-6
  • [40] M M. Howells, C. Jacobsen, T. Warwick, A. V. Bos, (2007) Principles and applications of zone plate x-ray microscopes, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49762-4_13,
  • [41] W. A. Britton, Y. Chen, F. Sgrignuoli, L. D. Negro, (2021), “Compact Dual-Band Multi-Focal Diffractive Lenses”, https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202000207
  • [42] J. W. Goodman, (1996), Introduction to Fourier Optics, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Series
  • [43] R. E. Blahut, (2004), Theory of Remote Image Formation, Cambridge University Press
  • [44] T. W. N. Dickinson, (2016), "Simulation, Design, and Test of Square, Apodized Photon Sieves for High-Contrast, Exoplanet Imaging" Theses and Dissertations. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/336
  • [45] J. D. Schmidt, (2010), “Numerical Simulation of Optical Wave Propagation With examples in MATLAB”, SPIE Press
  • [46] G. Cheng, T. Xing, Z. Liao, Y. Yang, J. Ma, (2008), "Resolution enhancement of photon sieve based on apodization" Proc. SPIE 6832, Holography and Diffractive Optics III, 683229 doi: 10.1117/12.756787
  • [47] T. Liu, L. Wang, J. Zhang, Q. Fu, And X. Zhang (2018), “Numerical simulation and design of an apodized diffractive optical element composed of open-ring zones and pinholes”, Vol. 57, No. 1 / Applied Optics, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.000025
  • [48] A. Ünal, (2014), “Imaging infrared seeker design,” M.S. Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, https://hdl.handle.net/11511/23647
  • [49] G. G. Artan and H. Sari, (2017) "Design of a cost-effective laser spot tracker", Proc. SPIE 10191, Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXII, 1019107 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262343
  • [50] D.-L. Kim, H.-B. Kong, and S.-T. Lee, (2021) "Effects of solar noise on the detection range performance of a laser spot tracker," Optical Engineering 60(3), 037102. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.60.3.037102
  • [51] Ünal, A. (2025). Common Aperture DSLR Camera Design Approach with Diffractive Lens. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım Ve Teknoloji1-1. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1564503
  • [52] Hsiu-Hsin Chung, “Fabrication and Testing Of Dual-Wavelength Photon Sieves”, University Of Florida, University Of Florida, Doctorate Thesis, 2005
  • [53] Dickinson, Thomas W.N., "Simulation, Design, and Test of Square, Apodized Photon Sieves for High-Contrast, Exoplanet Imaging" (2016).Theses and Dissertations. 336. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/33

Multi-Focal Diffractive Lens by Apodized Phase Photon Sieves

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 627 - 640, 30.06.2025

Ahmet Ünal

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1557933

Abstract

As a result of the invention of photon sieves and the implementation of apodization to these sieves, significant design freedom has been achieved in diffractive optical elements (DOEs). Thanks to this freedom, secondary maxima in the intensity distribution can be reduced relative to the same photon sieves without apodization.
In this study, unlike traditional methods, applying the apodization to phase types of photon sieves using metallic structures is discussed. Thus, not only intensity distributions are adjusted, but also electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is achieved. For this purpose, an Apodized Multi-focal Diffractive Lens (AMDL), which can be defined as a hybrid lens, was designed within the scope of this study, and its results were compared with its alternative, Multi-focal Diffractive Lens (MDL). During the design stage, simulations were carried out on two different bands. While the simulations in the optical band were performed using optical wave propagation, the simulations in the RF band were carried out using CST software, and the results were shared. As can be seen from the results, the secondary maxima in the intensity distribution was reduced due to the apodization, and EMI protection was also achieved.
This study will contribute to the development of lenses designed for two different purposes called hybrid lenses in this research.

Keywords

Diffractive Optical Elements Phase Fresnel Zone Plates Multilevel Diffractive Lens Point Spread Function EMI Shielding

References

  • [1] A. Ünal, (2023), "Frequency selective diffractive optical element (FSDOE)", Proc. SPIE 12518, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XVII, 125180C; https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657048
  • [2] N. B. Mentesana, (2011), "Characterization of shielding effectiveness for metallic enclosures" Masters Theses. 4964. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/4964
  • [3] T. Grulois, G. Druart, N. Guérineau, A. Crastes, H. Sauer, and P. Chavel, (2014), "Extra-thin infrared camera for low-cost surveillance applications" Opt. Lett. 39, 3169-3172 http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.003169
  • [4] S. Banerji, M. Meem, A. Majumder, F. G. Vasquez, B. S.-Rodriguez, and R. Menon, (2019), "Ultra-thin near infrared camera enabled by a flat multi-level diffractive lens" Opt. Lett. 44, 5450-5452
  • [5] W. Zhang, B. Zuo, S. Chen, H. Xiao, and Z. Fan, (2013), "Design of fixed correctors used in conformal optical system based on diffractive optical elements" Appl. Opt. 52, 461-466
  • [6] H.-J. Niu, J. Zhang, A-q. Yan, H.-b. Leng, J.-q. Fei, D.-s. Wu, J.-z. Cao, (2015), "Optical system design for wide-angle airborne mapping camera with diffractive optical element," Proc. SPIE 9449, The International Conference on Photonics and Optical Engineering (icPOE 2014), 94492N doi: 10.1117/12.2085042
  • [7] Y. Peng, Q. Fu, H. Amata, S. Su, F. Heide, and W. Heidrich, (2015), "Computational imaging using lightweight diffractive-refractive optics" Opt. Express 23, 31393-31407
  • [8] Y. Peng, (2018), “Computational Imaging with Diffractive Optics”, A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfıllment Of The Requirements For the Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy, The University of British Columbia April DOI : 10.14288/1.0365608
  • [9] Y. Peng, Q. Fu, F. Heide, W. Heidrich, (2016), “The Diffractive Achromat: Full Spectrum Computational Imaging with Diffractive Optics” ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 4, Article 31 (July 2016), https://doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925941
  • [10] P. Wang, N. Mohammad, & R. Menon, (2016), “Chromatic-aberration-corrected diffractive lenses for ultra-broadband focusing.” Sci Rep 6, 21545 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21545
  • [11] J. P. Mills, (2001), "Conformal optics: theory and practice" Proc. SPIE 4442, Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization IV, doi:10.1117/12.449962
  • [12] R. R. Shannon, (1999), "Overview of conformal optics," Proc. SPIE 3705, Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VI, doi: 10.1117/12.354622
  • [13] M. Hinnrichs, B. Hinnrichs, E. McCutchen, (2017), "Infrared hyperspectral imaging miniaturized for UAV applications," Proc. SPIE 10177, Infrared Technology and Applications XLIII, 101770H doi: 10.1117/12.2262125
  • [14] A. Ünal, (2023), “Semi-active laser seeker design with combined diffractive optical element (CDOE)”. J Opt 52, 956–968 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-00954-5
  • [15] A. Ünal, (2023), “Laser seeker design with multi-focal diffractive lens”, Eng. Res. Express 5 045014, DOI 10.1088/2631-8695/ad0024
  • [16] T Ren, T Jiao, X. Ling, L. Hu, S. Zhu, (2020), "Design and analysis of distributed semi-active laser detection system," Proc. SPIE 11455, Sixth Symposium on Novel Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications, 114554O doi: 10.1117/12.2564981
  • [17] A. Ünal, (2024), “Dual mode, imaging infrared and semi-active laser, seeker design with squinted combined diffractive optical element”. J Opt https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-01657-9
  • [18] A. Ünal, (2024). Electro-optical system, imaging infrared and laser range finder, design with dual squinted combined lens for aerial targets. Journal of Optics (India), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-02057-9
  • [19] K. Qian, T. Li, J. Li, (2018), "Design of a semi-active laser/active radar/ infrared common aperture compound optical system," Proc. SPIE 10832, Fifth Conference on Frontiers in Optical Imaging Technology and Applications, 108321H doi: 10.1117/12.2511609
  • [20] Q. Huang, B. Lang, L. Xue, (2019), "Design of strapdown laser guided seeker," Proc. SPIE 11023, Fifth Symposium on Novel Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Application, 1102350 doi: 10.1117/12.2520601
  • [21] J. Barth, A. Fendt, R. Florian, W. Kieslich, (2007), "Dual-mode seeker with imaging sensor and semi-active laser detector," Proc. SPIE 6542, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII, 65423B doi: 10.1117/12.719571
  • [22] X. Zhang, Z. Yang, T. Sun, H. Yang, K. Han, B. Hu, (2017), "Optical system design with common aperture for mid-infrared and laser composite guidance," Proc. SPIE 10256, Second International Conference on Photonics and Optical Engineering, 102560S doi: 10.1117/12.2256433
  • [23] K. T. Jacoby, M. W. Pieratt, J. I. Halman, K. A. Ramsey, (2009), "Predicted and measured EMI shielding effectiveness of a metallic mesh coating on a sapphire window over a broad frequency range" Proc. SPIE 7302, window and Dome Technologies and Materials XI, 73020X doi: 10.1117/12.818200
  • [24] M. Yu, N. Xu, H. Liu, and J. Gao, (2014), “Infrared transparent frequency selective surface based on metallic meshes” AIP Advances 4, 027112 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4866292
  • [25] Z. Lu, J. Tan, J. Qi, Z. Fan, L. Zhang, (2011), “Modeling Fraunhofer diffractive characteristics for modulation transfer function analysis of tilted ring metallic mesh”, Optics Communications 284 3855–3861, doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2011.04.040
  • [26] A. A. Dewani, S. G. O’Keefe, D. V. Thiel, and A. Galehdar, (2015), “Optically transparent frequency selective surfaces on flexible thin plastic substrates”, AIP Advances 5, 027107 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907929
  • [27] Z. Lu, Y. Liu, H. Wang, Y. Zhang, and J. Tan, (2016), “Optically transparent frequency selective surface based on nested ring metallic mesh”, Vol. 24, No. 23 OPTICS EXPRESS 26109
  • [28] Y.-J. Sun, H. Chang, S.-h. Wu, Y.-B. Leng & L. Wang, (2015) “Study on Electromagnetic Shielding of Infrared /Visible Optical Window”, Modern Applied Science; Vol. 9, No. 13;, doi:10.5539/mas.v9n13p231
  • [29] A. Ünal, (2025), Numerical Fresnel models of Fresnel zone plates for plane wave at angle of incidence, Sci Rep 15, 9246 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92965-y
  • [30] D. Atwood, (2000) Soft X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet, Cambridge University Press,
  • [31] H. Jeong, H. Shin, S. Zhang, X. Li and S. Cho (2019), “Application of Fresnel Zone Plate Focused Beam to Optimized Sensor Design for Pulse-Echo Harmonic Generation Measurements”, Sensors 19, 1373; doi:10.3390/s19061373
  • [32] M. M. Greve, A. M. Vial, J. J. Stamnes, and B. Holst, (2013), "The Beynon Gabor zone plate: a new tool for de Broglie matter waves and hard X-rays? An off axis and focus intensity investigation," Opt. Express 21, 28483-28495
  • [33] H. Zhang, J. C. Li, D. W. Doerr, and D. R. Alexander, (2006), "Diffraction characteristics of a Fresnel zone plate illuminated by 10 fs laser pulses," Appl. Opt. 45, 8541-8546
  • [34] Y. Zhang, J. Chen, X. Yea, (2007), “Multilevel phase Fresnel zone plate lens as a near-field optical element”, Elsevier, Optics Communications 269 271–273, DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2006.08.006
  • [35] Y.-JuZhang, C.-W. Zheng, H.-C. Xiao, (2005), “Improving the resolution of a solid immersion lens optical system using a multiphase Fresnel zone plate”, Elsevier Optics & Laser Technology 37 444–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.07.011
  • [36] Z. Zhang, C. Guo, R. Wang, H. Hu, X. Zhou, T. Liu, D. Xue, X. Zhang, F. Zhang, and X. Zhang, (2017), "Hybrid-level Fresnel zone plate for diffraction efficiency enhancement," Opt. Express 25, 33676-33687, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.033676
  • [37] L. N. Hazra, Y. Han, C.A. Delisle, Kinoform lenses: (1995), “Sweatt model and phase function”, Optics Communications, Volume 117, Issues 1–2, Pages 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(95)00071-F
  • [38] L. Hazra and C. A. Delisle, (1997), "Higher order kinoform lenses: diffraction efficiency and aberrational properties," Optical Engineering 36(5), https://doi.org/10.1117/1.601375
  • [39] A. Ünal, (2024), “Analytical and numerical fresnel models of phase diffractive optical elements for imaging applications.”, Opt Quant Electron 56, 960 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06906-6
  • [40] M M. Howells, C. Jacobsen, T. Warwick, A. V. Bos, (2007) Principles and applications of zone plate x-ray microscopes, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49762-4_13,
  • [41] W. A. Britton, Y. Chen, F. Sgrignuoli, L. D. Negro, (2021), “Compact Dual-Band Multi-Focal Diffractive Lenses”, https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202000207
  • [42] J. W. Goodman, (1996), Introduction to Fourier Optics, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Series
  • [43] R. E. Blahut, (2004), Theory of Remote Image Formation, Cambridge University Press
  • [44] T. W. N. Dickinson, (2016), "Simulation, Design, and Test of Square, Apodized Photon Sieves for High-Contrast, Exoplanet Imaging" Theses and Dissertations. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/336
  • [45] J. D. Schmidt, (2010), “Numerical Simulation of Optical Wave Propagation With examples in MATLAB”, SPIE Press
  • [46] G. Cheng, T. Xing, Z. Liao, Y. Yang, J. Ma, (2008), "Resolution enhancement of photon sieve based on apodization" Proc. SPIE 6832, Holography and Diffractive Optics III, 683229 doi: 10.1117/12.756787
  • [47] T. Liu, L. Wang, J. Zhang, Q. Fu, And X. Zhang (2018), “Numerical simulation and design of an apodized diffractive optical element composed of open-ring zones and pinholes”, Vol. 57, No. 1 / Applied Optics, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.000025
  • [48] A. Ünal, (2014), “Imaging infrared seeker design,” M.S. Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, https://hdl.handle.net/11511/23647
  • [49] G. G. Artan and H. Sari, (2017) "Design of a cost-effective laser spot tracker", Proc. SPIE 10191, Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXII, 1019107 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262343
  • [50] D.-L. Kim, H.-B. Kong, and S.-T. Lee, (2021) "Effects of solar noise on the detection range performance of a laser spot tracker," Optical Engineering 60(3), 037102. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.60.3.037102
  • [51] Ünal, A. (2025). Common Aperture DSLR Camera Design Approach with Diffractive Lens. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım Ve Teknoloji1-1. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1564503
  • [52] Hsiu-Hsin Chung, “Fabrication and Testing Of Dual-Wavelength Photon Sieves”, University Of Florida, University Of Florida, Doctorate Thesis, 2005
  • [53] Dickinson, Thomas W.N., "Simulation, Design, and Test of Square, Apodized Photon Sieves for High-Contrast, Exoplanet Imaging" (2016).Theses and Dissertations. 336. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/33
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Photonic and Electro-Optical Devices, Sensors and Systems (Excl. Communications)
Journal Section Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Authors

Ahmet Ünal 0000-0001-8011-3133

Early Pub Date June 3, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date September 30, 2024
Acceptance Date March 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ünal, A. (2025). Multi-Focal Diffractive Lens by Apodized Phase Photon Sieves. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım Ve Teknoloji, 13(2), 627-640. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1557933
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