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The Turkic World in Turkish Foreign Policy: Dynamics of Institutionalization and the Strategic Dimension of Bilateral Relations

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 1 - 28, 18.06.2025

Ömer Faruk Kocatepe

https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1590537

Abstract

This study thoroughly examines the institutionalization process in Türkiye’s foreign policy towards Turkic States in the post-Cold War era. Following the end of the Cold War, Türkiye’s relations with Turkic States in Central Asia and the Caucasus have undergone a significant transformation. Beyond historical and cultural ties, Türkiye has expanded these relations into various dimensions, including economic cooperation, security, and especially institutional integration. In order to ensure institutionalization in relations, Türkiye initially activated various organizations facilitating cultural cooperation and subsequently established institutional collaboration mechanisms such as the Organization of Turkic States (OTS). These institutionalization efforts have reinforced Türkiye’s cultural and historical influence in the region while simultaneously deepening regional cooperation and integration. Cooperation in areas such as security, energy, transportation, and education has significantly contributed to regional stability and enhanced the effectiveness of institutional structures. Türkiye’s effective use of institutional mechanisms has strengthened cooperation among Turkic States and bolstered regional solidarity. Consequently, this process of institutionalization demonstrates that Türkiye has adopted a comprehensive foreign policy strategy that is not only based on cultural ties but also aligned with regional security and economic interests. Türkiye’s strategic approach has amplified its regional and international influence, highlighting the importance of institutional collaboration.

Keywords

Türkiye Turkic Republics Turkic World Foreign Policy Cooperation

References

  • Abdülkerimov, B. (2022). Türkiye-Özbekistan diplomatik ilişkilerinin tesisinin 30. yılı kutlanıyor. Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved on 15 December 2023 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/turkiye-ozbekistan-diplomatik-iliskilerinin-tesisinin-30-yili-kutlaniyor/2523625.
  • Akçura, Y. (1976). Üç tarz-ı siyaset. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Akçura, Y. (1978). Türkçülük: Türkçülüğün tarihi gelişimi. Türk Kültür Yayını.
  • Allison, R. (2004). Strategic reassertion in Russia’s Central Asia policy. International Affairs, 80(2), 277-293.
  • Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi. (2023). Digər ölkələrdən idxal. Retrieved on 18 November 2023 from https://www.azstat.gov.az/portal/tblInfo/TblInfoList.do;JSESSIONID=7E27B0A9017553E06DB1CA0841148ED4#994_017.
  • Botaş. (2024). Turkmen gas to reach Turkey via Azerbaijan route. Retrieved on 31 August 2024 from http://www.botas.gov.tr/Icerik/turkmen-gazina-azerbaycan-rota/958.
  • Bozdağlıoğlu, Y. (2003). Turkic foreign policy and Turkic identity. Routledge.
  • Burjaliyeva, N. G. (2024). Enhancing bilateral ties: the escalation of Azerbaijan’s economic investments in Türkiye. Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference, Concepts for the Development of Society’s Scientific Potential, 41. Retrieved on 17 March 2024 from https://archive.interconf.center/index.php/2709-4685/article/view/5139.
  • Calli, M. E. (2024). Ties between Türkiye, Kyrgyzstan advancing significantly, Turkish foreign minister says. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved on 28 October 2023 from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/ties-between-turkiye-kyrgyzstan-advancing-significantly-turkish-foreign-minister-says/3104163.
  • Çınar, K. (2013). Turkey and Turkic nations: A Post-Cold War analysis of relations. Turkish Studies, 14(2), 256-271.
  • Cummings, S. N. (2005). Kazakhstan: Power and the elite. I.B Tauris.
  • Dönmez, B. Binnur. (10 Mayıs 2022). Türkiye, Kazakhstan aim to reach $10B trade volume: Turkish president. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved on 16 April 2024 from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/turkiye-kazakhstan-aim-to-reach-10b-trade-volume-turkish-president/2584174.
  • Erol, M. S. (2008). Türk Cumhuriyetleriyle ilişkiler: 1980-1999 dönemi. H. Çakmak (Ed.), Türk Dış Politikası 1919 – 2008. Platin Yayınları.
  • Erol, M. S. (2018). Türkiye’nin Türkiye-Özbekistan ilişkilerinde stratejik ortaklık dönemi. Ankasam. Retrieved on 17 October 2023 from https://www.ankasam.org/turkiyenin-turkiye-ozbekistan-iliskilerinde-stratejik-ortaklik-donemi/.
  • Fuller, G. E. (1994). The new geopolitical order. In A. Banuazizi & M. Weiner (Eds.), The New Geopolitics of Central Asia And Its Borderlands (pp. 19-43). Indiana University.
  • Hale, W. (2013). Turkic foreign policy since 1774. Routledge.
  • Heyd, U. (1950). Foundations of Turkic nationalism. Luzac & Company.
  • Kılıçbeyli, E. H. Ö. (2011). 21.yy Türk dış politikası: Türkiye – Orta Asya ilişkileri. Y. Demirağ & Ö. Çelebi (Eds.), Türk dış politikası: Son on yıl içinde (ss. 245-280). Palme.
  • Kort, M. (2004). Nations in transition Central Asian republics. Facts on File.
  • Köstem, S. (2017). When can idea entrepreneurs influence foreign policy? Explaining the rise of the “Turkic World” in Turkish foreign policy. Foreign Policy Analysis, 13(3), 722–740.
  • Kubicek: (1997). Regionalism, nationalism and realpolitik in Central Asia. Europe-Asia Studies, 49(4), 636-655.
  • Kubicek: (2009). The Commonwealth of independent states: An example of failed regionalism? Review of International Studies, 35, 237-256
  • Landau, J. M. (1995). Pan-Turkism: From irredentism to cooperation. Hurst & Company.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kyrgyz Republic. (2023). Foreign Policy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. Retrieved on 16 December 2023 from URL: http://www.mfa.gov.kg/contents/view/id/125.
  • Nazarbayev, N. (2012). Tarihin Akışında. Kazakistan Ankara Büyükelçiliği.
  • Oran, B. (2004). Türk Dış Politikasının Teori ve Pratiği. Türk Dış Politikası. İletişim.
  • Öniş, Z. (2001). Türkiye and Post-Soviet states: Potential and limits of regional power influence. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 5(2), 66-74.
  • Özdoğan, G. G. (2008). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de turancılık. T. Bora & M. Gültekingil (Eds.) Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: Milliyetçilik içinde (ss. 388-395). İletişim.
  • Özkeçeci-Taner, B. (2005). The impact of institutionalized ideas in coalition foreign policy making: Türkiye as an example, 1991–2002. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1, 249-278
  • Pikalov, A. (2014). Uzbekistan between the great powers: a balancing act or a multi-vectorial approach? Central Asian Survey, 33(3), 297-311
  • Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023). Kazakhstan-Türkiye Relations. Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 13 December 2023 from http://mfa.gov.kz/index.php/en/foreign-policy/kazakhstan-s-relations/kazakhstan-countries-of-europe-cooperation/16-materials-english/4727-kazakhstan-Türkiye-relations.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2022). Türkiye’s relations with Central Asian republics. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 21 December 2022 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/Türkiye_s-relations-with-central-asian-republics.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023a). Organization of Turkic States (OTS). Retrieved on 25 November 2023 from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turk-konseyi-en.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Consulate of Nakhichevan. (2023b). Konuşma Metinleri. Republic of Türkiye Consulate of Nakhichevan Official Site. Retrieved on 28 December 2023 from URL: http://nahcivan.bk.mfa.gov.tr/ShowSpeech.aspx?ID=709.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023c). Relations between Türkiye and Azerbaijan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 28 May 2023 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-azerbaijan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023d). Relations between Türkiye and Armenia. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 11 June 2023 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-armenia.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023e). Relations between Türkiye and Kyrgyzstan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 08 December 2023 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-kyrgyzstan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023f). Relations between Türkiye and Turkmenistan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 03 February 2024 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-turkmenistan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024a). Relations between Türkiye and Kazakhstan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 02 February 2024 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-kazakhstan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024b). Relations between Türkiye and Uzbekistan. Retrieved on 18 October 2023 from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-uzbekistan%20.en.mfa#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye%20attaches%20great%20importance%20to,3%20billion%20Dollars%20in%202019.
  • Sieff, M. (2017). Kazakhstan and Türkiye Build Partnership for a New Era. Retrieved on 15 March 2024 from http://www.edgekz.com/kazakhstan-Türkiye-build-partnership-new-era/.
  • Spechler, D. R. & Spechler, M. C. (2010). The foreign policy of Uzbekistan: Sources, objectives and outcomes: 1991–2009. Central Asian Survey, 29(2), 159-170.
  • Svante E. C. (1998). Türkiye and the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh: A delicate balance. Middle Eastern Studies, 34(1), 51-72.
  • TIKA. (2024). Turkic Cooperation and Coordination Agency Official Site. Retrieved on 15 March 2024 from http://www.tika.gov.tr/en/page/about_us-14650.
  • TIM (Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi). (2023). Türkmenistan Ülke Bilgi Notu. Retrieved on 03 October 2023 from https://www.tim.org.tr/files/downloads/Ulke_Bilgi_Notlar%C4%B1/T%C3%BCrkmenistan%20%C3%9Clke%20Bilgi%20Notu.pdf.
  • Tomar, C. (2022). Türkiye-Kazakistan ilişkileri: Son ziyaretin düşündürdükleri. Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved on 03 May 2024 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/turkiye-kazakistan-iliskileri-son-ziyaretin-dusundurdukleri/2713399.
  • Trenin, D. (2007). Russia and Central Asia: Interests, policies, and prospects. In E. Rumer, D. Trenin, & H. Zhao (Eds.), Central Asia Views from Washington, Moscow, and Beijing (pp. 75-136). M.E. Sharpe.
  • Turkic Council of Higher Education. (2023). Turkic Council of Higher Education Official Site. Retrieved on 12 December 2023 from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/.
  • Türk Devlet ve Toplulukları Dostluk Kardeşlik ve İşbirliği Kurultayı. (1993). Konuşma Bildirileri ve Karar Metinleri. TÜDEV.
  • Veliyev, C. (2023). Azerbaijan-Türkiye military relations in the shadow of the negotiations with Armenia. Türkiye Scope Insights on Turkic Affairs, 7(4). Retrieved on 13 April 2024 from https://dayan.org/content/azerbaijan-turkiye-military-relations-shadow-negotiations-armenia.
  • Yesevi, Ç. G. & Tiftikçigil, B. Y. (2015). Türkiye-Azerbaijan Energy Relations: A Political and Economic Analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(1), 27-4.
  • Yükselen, H. (2020). Strategy and strategic discourse in Turkish foreign policy. Palgrave Macmillan.

Türk Dış Politikasında Türk Dünyası: Kurumsallaşma Dinamikleri ve İkili İlişkilerin Stratejik Boyutu

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 1 - 28, 18.06.2025

Ömer Faruk Kocatepe

https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1590537

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Türkiye'nin Türk devletlerine yönelik dış politikasındaki kurumsallaşma sürecini detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesiyle birlikte, Türkiye'nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya'daki Türk devletleriyle olan ilişkileri belirgin bir dönüşüm yaşamıştır. Tarihsel ve kültürel bağların yanı sıra, Türkiye bu ilişkileri ekonomik iş birliği, güvenlik ve özellikle kurumsal entegrasyon gibi çeşitli boyutlarda genişletmiştir. İlişkilerde kurumsallaşmayı sağlamak amacıyla, Türkiye önce kültürel iş birliği sağlayan çeşitli örgütleri aktif hale getirmiş, ardından Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (TDT) gibi kurumsal iş birliği mekanizmalarını devreye sokmuştur. Bu kurumsallaşma çabaları, Türkiye'nin bölgedeki kültürel ve tarihsel etkisini pekiştirirken, aynı zamanda bölgesel iş birliğini ve entegrasyonu derinleştirmiştir. Güvenlik, enerji, ulaşım ve eğitim alanlarındaki iş birlikleri, bölgesel istikrara önemli katkılarda bulunmuş ve kurumsal yapıların etkinliğini artırmıştır. Türkiye'nin bu süreçte kurumsal mekanizmaları etkin bir şekilde kullanması, Türk devletleri arasındaki iş birliğini güçlendirmiş ve bölgesel dayanışmayı pekiştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu kurumsallaşma süreci Türkiye'nin sadece kültürel bağlarla değil, aynı zamanda bölgesel güvenlik ve ekonomik çıkarlar doğrultusunda kapsamlı bir dış politika stratejisi benimsediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye'nin bu stratejik yaklaşımı, bölgesel ve uluslararası etkisini artırmış ve kurumsal iş birliğinin önemini vurgulamıştır.

Keywords

Türkiye Türk Cumhuriyetleri Türk Dünyası Dış Politika İş Birliği

References

  • Abdülkerimov, B. (2022). Türkiye-Özbekistan diplomatik ilişkilerinin tesisinin 30. yılı kutlanıyor. Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved on 15 December 2023 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/turkiye-ozbekistan-diplomatik-iliskilerinin-tesisinin-30-yili-kutlaniyor/2523625.
  • Akçura, Y. (1976). Üç tarz-ı siyaset. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Akçura, Y. (1978). Türkçülük: Türkçülüğün tarihi gelişimi. Türk Kültür Yayını.
  • Allison, R. (2004). Strategic reassertion in Russia’s Central Asia policy. International Affairs, 80(2), 277-293.
  • Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi. (2023). Digər ölkələrdən idxal. Retrieved on 18 November 2023 from https://www.azstat.gov.az/portal/tblInfo/TblInfoList.do;JSESSIONID=7E27B0A9017553E06DB1CA0841148ED4#994_017.
  • Botaş. (2024). Turkmen gas to reach Turkey via Azerbaijan route. Retrieved on 31 August 2024 from http://www.botas.gov.tr/Icerik/turkmen-gazina-azerbaycan-rota/958.
  • Bozdağlıoğlu, Y. (2003). Turkic foreign policy and Turkic identity. Routledge.
  • Burjaliyeva, N. G. (2024). Enhancing bilateral ties: the escalation of Azerbaijan’s economic investments in Türkiye. Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference, Concepts for the Development of Society’s Scientific Potential, 41. Retrieved on 17 March 2024 from https://archive.interconf.center/index.php/2709-4685/article/view/5139.
  • Calli, M. E. (2024). Ties between Türkiye, Kyrgyzstan advancing significantly, Turkish foreign minister says. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved on 28 October 2023 from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/ties-between-turkiye-kyrgyzstan-advancing-significantly-turkish-foreign-minister-says/3104163.
  • Çınar, K. (2013). Turkey and Turkic nations: A Post-Cold War analysis of relations. Turkish Studies, 14(2), 256-271.
  • Cummings, S. N. (2005). Kazakhstan: Power and the elite. I.B Tauris.
  • Dönmez, B. Binnur. (10 Mayıs 2022). Türkiye, Kazakhstan aim to reach $10B trade volume: Turkish president. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved on 16 April 2024 from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/turkiye-kazakhstan-aim-to-reach-10b-trade-volume-turkish-president/2584174.
  • Erol, M. S. (2008). Türk Cumhuriyetleriyle ilişkiler: 1980-1999 dönemi. H. Çakmak (Ed.), Türk Dış Politikası 1919 – 2008. Platin Yayınları.
  • Erol, M. S. (2018). Türkiye’nin Türkiye-Özbekistan ilişkilerinde stratejik ortaklık dönemi. Ankasam. Retrieved on 17 October 2023 from https://www.ankasam.org/turkiyenin-turkiye-ozbekistan-iliskilerinde-stratejik-ortaklik-donemi/.
  • Fuller, G. E. (1994). The new geopolitical order. In A. Banuazizi & M. Weiner (Eds.), The New Geopolitics of Central Asia And Its Borderlands (pp. 19-43). Indiana University.
  • Hale, W. (2013). Turkic foreign policy since 1774. Routledge.
  • Heyd, U. (1950). Foundations of Turkic nationalism. Luzac & Company.
  • Kılıçbeyli, E. H. Ö. (2011). 21.yy Türk dış politikası: Türkiye – Orta Asya ilişkileri. Y. Demirağ & Ö. Çelebi (Eds.), Türk dış politikası: Son on yıl içinde (ss. 245-280). Palme.
  • Kort, M. (2004). Nations in transition Central Asian republics. Facts on File.
  • Köstem, S. (2017). When can idea entrepreneurs influence foreign policy? Explaining the rise of the “Turkic World” in Turkish foreign policy. Foreign Policy Analysis, 13(3), 722–740.
  • Kubicek: (1997). Regionalism, nationalism and realpolitik in Central Asia. Europe-Asia Studies, 49(4), 636-655.
  • Kubicek: (2009). The Commonwealth of independent states: An example of failed regionalism? Review of International Studies, 35, 237-256
  • Landau, J. M. (1995). Pan-Turkism: From irredentism to cooperation. Hurst & Company.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kyrgyz Republic. (2023). Foreign Policy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. Retrieved on 16 December 2023 from URL: http://www.mfa.gov.kg/contents/view/id/125.
  • Nazarbayev, N. (2012). Tarihin Akışında. Kazakistan Ankara Büyükelçiliği.
  • Oran, B. (2004). Türk Dış Politikasının Teori ve Pratiği. Türk Dış Politikası. İletişim.
  • Öniş, Z. (2001). Türkiye and Post-Soviet states: Potential and limits of regional power influence. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 5(2), 66-74.
  • Özdoğan, G. G. (2008). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de turancılık. T. Bora & M. Gültekingil (Eds.) Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: Milliyetçilik içinde (ss. 388-395). İletişim.
  • Özkeçeci-Taner, B. (2005). The impact of institutionalized ideas in coalition foreign policy making: Türkiye as an example, 1991–2002. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1, 249-278
  • Pikalov, A. (2014). Uzbekistan between the great powers: a balancing act or a multi-vectorial approach? Central Asian Survey, 33(3), 297-311
  • Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023). Kazakhstan-Türkiye Relations. Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 13 December 2023 from http://mfa.gov.kz/index.php/en/foreign-policy/kazakhstan-s-relations/kazakhstan-countries-of-europe-cooperation/16-materials-english/4727-kazakhstan-Türkiye-relations.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2022). Türkiye’s relations with Central Asian republics. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 21 December 2022 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/Türkiye_s-relations-with-central-asian-republics.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023a). Organization of Turkic States (OTS). Retrieved on 25 November 2023 from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turk-konseyi-en.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Consulate of Nakhichevan. (2023b). Konuşma Metinleri. Republic of Türkiye Consulate of Nakhichevan Official Site. Retrieved on 28 December 2023 from URL: http://nahcivan.bk.mfa.gov.tr/ShowSpeech.aspx?ID=709.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023c). Relations between Türkiye and Azerbaijan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 28 May 2023 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-azerbaijan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023d). Relations between Türkiye and Armenia. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 11 June 2023 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-armenia.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023e). Relations between Türkiye and Kyrgyzstan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 08 December 2023 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-kyrgyzstan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023f). Relations between Türkiye and Turkmenistan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 03 February 2024 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-turkmenistan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024a). Relations between Türkiye and Kazakhstan. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Site. Retrieved on 02 February 2024 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-Türkiye-and-kazakhstan.en.mfa.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2024b). Relations between Türkiye and Uzbekistan. Retrieved on 18 October 2023 from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-uzbekistan%20.en.mfa#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye%20attaches%20great%20importance%20to,3%20billion%20Dollars%20in%202019.
  • Sieff, M. (2017). Kazakhstan and Türkiye Build Partnership for a New Era. Retrieved on 15 March 2024 from http://www.edgekz.com/kazakhstan-Türkiye-build-partnership-new-era/.
  • Spechler, D. R. & Spechler, M. C. (2010). The foreign policy of Uzbekistan: Sources, objectives and outcomes: 1991–2009. Central Asian Survey, 29(2), 159-170.
  • Svante E. C. (1998). Türkiye and the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh: A delicate balance. Middle Eastern Studies, 34(1), 51-72.
  • TIKA. (2024). Turkic Cooperation and Coordination Agency Official Site. Retrieved on 15 March 2024 from http://www.tika.gov.tr/en/page/about_us-14650.
  • TIM (Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi). (2023). Türkmenistan Ülke Bilgi Notu. Retrieved on 03 October 2023 from https://www.tim.org.tr/files/downloads/Ulke_Bilgi_Notlar%C4%B1/T%C3%BCrkmenistan%20%C3%9Clke%20Bilgi%20Notu.pdf.
  • Tomar, C. (2022). Türkiye-Kazakistan ilişkileri: Son ziyaretin düşündürdükleri. Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved on 03 May 2024 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/turkiye-kazakistan-iliskileri-son-ziyaretin-dusundurdukleri/2713399.
  • Trenin, D. (2007). Russia and Central Asia: Interests, policies, and prospects. In E. Rumer, D. Trenin, & H. Zhao (Eds.), Central Asia Views from Washington, Moscow, and Beijing (pp. 75-136). M.E. Sharpe.
  • Turkic Council of Higher Education. (2023). Turkic Council of Higher Education Official Site. Retrieved on 12 December 2023 from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/.
  • Türk Devlet ve Toplulukları Dostluk Kardeşlik ve İşbirliği Kurultayı. (1993). Konuşma Bildirileri ve Karar Metinleri. TÜDEV.
  • Veliyev, C. (2023). Azerbaijan-Türkiye military relations in the shadow of the negotiations with Armenia. Türkiye Scope Insights on Turkic Affairs, 7(4). Retrieved on 13 April 2024 from https://dayan.org/content/azerbaijan-turkiye-military-relations-shadow-negotiations-armenia.
  • Yesevi, Ç. G. & Tiftikçigil, B. Y. (2015). Türkiye-Azerbaijan Energy Relations: A Political and Economic Analysis. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(1), 27-4.
  • Yükselen, H. (2020). Strategy and strategic discourse in Turkish foreign policy. Palgrave Macmillan.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies of the Turkic World
Journal Section The Journal of Defence and War Studies June 2025
Authors

Ömer Faruk Kocatepe 0000-0001-8647-4634

Publication Date June 18, 2025
Submission Date November 24, 2024
Acceptance Date February 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 35 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kocatepe, Ö. F. (2025). The Turkic World in Turkish Foreign Policy: Dynamics of Institutionalization and the Strategic Dimension of Bilateral Relations. SAVSAD Savunma Ve Savaş Araştırmaları Dergisi, 35(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1590537
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