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KONUT YATIRIMI EKONOMİK BİR YANILGI OLABİLİR Mİ? SOSYAL ADALET PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BİR İNCELEME: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 190 - 224, 30.06.2025

Rıdvan Karacan , Ali Kerem Karacan

https://doi.org/10.37991/sosdus.1528008

Abstract

Son yıllarda, Türkiye'deki konut fiyatları ve kiralar, küresel ve Avrupa standartlarının ötesinde artış göstermiştir. Bu artış, ihtiyacı olanlar yerine üst gelir gruplarına ve yabancı alıcılara yönelik inşaatların önemli ölçüde artmasıyla ilişkilidir. Bu trende rağmen, konut yatırımlarının bu yüksek fiyat ve kira artışlarını tetikleyip tetiklemediğini belgeleyen bir literatür eksikliği dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma, konut alımlarının yatırım olarak kabul edilip edilemeyeceğini araştırarak bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Granger eşbütünleşme analizi ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi kullanılarak, Türkiye'deki konut alımları ile gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH) arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Ampirik analiz, bu değişkenler arasında uzun vadeli bir eşbütünleşme veya nedensel ilişki bulunmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgularımız, konut alımlarının geleneksel yatırım olarak nitelendirilemeyeceğini öne sürmektedir. Bu bulgular, Türkiye'deki konut yatırımlarının olumsuz etkilerini hafifletmek için bir temel sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Konut Yatırımı GSYH Sosyal Adalet Türkiye

References

  • Abel, A. B. (1990). “Consumption and investment”. Handbook of Monetary economics, 2: 725-778.
  • Abioglu, V. (2020). “Bubble formations in the Turkish housing market: Regional review”. Journal of Financial Research and Studies, 12(22): 1-14.
  • Aizenman, J., Jinjarak, Y. and Zheng, H. (2019). “Housing bubbles, economic growth, and institutions”. Open Economies Review, 30(4): 655-674.
  • Arslan, H. B. (2022). The construction industry's share in the economy went back 20 years. My Economy. Retrieved from https://www.ekonomim.com/kose-yazisi/insaat-sektorunun-ekonomideki-payi-20-yil-geriye-gitti/676076
  • Bayrak, İ. C., ve Telatar, O. M. (2021). “İnşaat sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi üzerine ampirik bir analiz”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3): 1283-1297.
  • Berry, M. (2000). “Investment in rental housing in Australia: Small landlords and institutional investors”. Housing Studies, 15(5): 661-681.
  • Bolat, M. and ŞENOL, L. (2020). Pricing and housing bubble in the housing market. In International Marmara Social Sciences Congress (Imascon 2020–Autumn) Proceedings Book (pp. 216-221).
  • Brown, S. (2022). Measures of shape: Skewness and kurtosis. Retrieved from https://brownmath.com/stat/shape.htm
  • Chau, K.W. and Zou, G. (2000). “The Interaction between Economic Growth and Residential Investment”. Working Paper, University of Hong Kong.
  • Chen, J. and Zhu, A. (2008). The relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China: A panel analysis using quarterly provincial data (No. 2008: 17). Working Paper
  • Choi, J.H., Goodman, L. and Bai, B., (2018). Four ways today’s high housing cost affect the broader economy.
  • Cocola-Gant, A. and GAGO, A. (2021). “Airbnb, buy-to-let investment and tourism-driven displacement: A case study in Lisbon”. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(7): 1671-1688.
  • Coskun, Y., Seven, U., Ertugrul, H. M. and Alp, A. (2020). “Housing price dynamics and bubble risk: The case of Turkey”. Housing Studies, 35(1): 50-86.
  • Coşkun, Y. (2016). “Housing prices and investment: An analysis for Türkiye”. Niğde University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 9(2): 201-217.
  • Çınar, M. (2022). “The impact of price, income and interest rates on housing demand: A panel data approach”. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 15(2): 295-309.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1981). “Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root”. Econometrica, 49(4): 1057-1072.
  • Durkay, M. ve Yamak, R. (2004). "Türkiye'de Konut Piyasasının Talep Yönlü Analizi," İktisat İşletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayıncılık, 19(217): 75-83.
  • Dwyer, R. E. (2007). “Expanding homes and increasing inequalities: US housing development and the residential segregation of the affluent”. Social Problems, 54(1): 23-46.
  • Engle, R. F. and Granger, C. W. (1987). “Cointegration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing”. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 55: 251-276.
  • Esra, A. and Seven, Ü. (2019). “Efficiency analysis in the Turkish housing market”. Istanbul Business Research, 48(1): 84-112.
  • Euronews. (2022, April 28). Despite the increase in housing sales, the home ownership rate is decreasing, renters are increasing. Euronews. Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/2022/04/28/konut-sat-s-ndaki-art-sa-ragmen-ev-sahipligi-oran-dusuyor-kirac-lar-art-yor
  • Fisher, I. (1930). The theory of interest. New York: Macmillan.
  • Francke, M. and Korevaar, M. (2021). “Housing markets in a pandemic: Evidence from historical outbreaks”. Journal of Urban Economics, 123: 103333.
  • Gökler, L. A. (2023). “Where are housing prices going in Turkey?”. Architecture, 430: 10-14.
  • Green, R.K. (1997). “Follow the Leader: How Changes in Residential and Non-residential Investment Predict Changes in GDP”. Real Estate Economics, 25(2): 253-270.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1995). Basic econometrics (4th ed.). New York: United States Military Academy.
  • Güven, A. (2013). “Investments, uncertainty, and market structure: A conceptual review”. Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 15(1): 1-23.
  • Hartman, R. (1972). "The effects of price and cost uncertainty on investment." Journal of economic theory 5(2) : 258-266.
  • Hochstenbach, C. (2022). “Landlord elites on the Dutch housing market: Private landlordism, class, and social inequality”. Economic Geography, 98(4): 327-354.
  • Hong, L. (2014). “The dynamic relationship between real estate investment and economic growth: Evidence from prefecture city panel data in China”. IERI Procedia, 7, 2-7.
  • Johnson, L. E., Ley, R. and Cate, T. (2001). “Keynes' theory of money and his attack on the classical model”. International Advances in Economic Research, 7(4): 409-418.
  • Jorgenson, Dale W., and James A. Stephenson (1969). "Issues in the development of the neoclassical theory of investment behavior." The Review of Economics and Statistics, 346-353.
  • Karaçay, H. and VAROL, Ç. (2016). “Physical, human and social capital investments in socioeconomic development: The example of the General Directorate of Foundations”. Gazi University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 17(3): 100-121.
  • Kargi, B. (2013). “Konut Piyasası Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Zaman Serileri Analizi (2000-2012)(Housing Market and Economic Growth Relation: Time Series Analysis Over Turkey (2000-2012))”. International Journal of Human Sciences, 10(1): 897-92.
  • Karı, D. (2023). The Keynesian theory of investment (With diagram and example). Retrieved from https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/keynesian-economics/keynes-theory/the-keynesian-theory-of-investment-with-diagram-and-example/16056
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. MacMillan: London.
  • Kong, Yu and Lu-Andrews, Ran. (2016). “An Investigation into Real Estate Investment and Economic Growth in China: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach”. Sustainability. 8. 66. 10.3390/su8010066.
  • Lindenberg, E. B. and Ross, S. A. (1981). “Tobin's Q ratio and industrial organization”. Journal of Business, 1-32.
  • Mackinnon, C. A. (1991). “Reflections on sex equality under law”. The Yale Law Journal, 100(5): 1281-1328.
  • Mackinnon, J. G. (1996). “Numerical distribution functions for unit root and cointegration tests”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6): 601-628.
  • Madsen, J. B. (2002). “The causality between investment and economic growth”. Economics Letters, 74(2): 157-163.
  • Maksimovic, V. and Phillips, G. (2007). “Conglomerate firms and internal capital markets”. In Handbook of empirical corporate finance (pp. 423-479). Elsevier.
  • Marcuse, P. (2015). “Gentrification, social justice and personal ethics”. International journal of urban and regional research, 39(6): 1263-1269.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). “Portfolio Selection”. The Journal of Finance, 7(1): 77–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/2975974 Miller, M. H. and Modigliani, F. (1961). “Dividend policy, growth, and the valuation of shares”. The Journal of Business, 34(4): 411–433. https://doi.org/10.1086/294442
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2001). The transmission mechanism and the role of asset prices in monetary policy. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w8617
  • Mukher, S. (2023). Let us make in-depth study of the neoclassical theory of investment in an economy. Retrieved from https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/investment/neoclassical-theory/the-neoclassical-theory-of-investment-with-diagram/10383
  • Nilsson, S. F., Nordentoft, M. and Hjorthøj, C. (2019). “Individual-level predictors for becoming homeless and exiting homelessness: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of Urban Health, 96: 741-750. Paya, M. (2001). Macroeconomics (2nd ed.). Istanbul: Filiz Bookstore.
  • Petrini, G. and Teixeira, L. (2023). “Determinants of residential investment growth rate in the US economy (1992–2019)”. Review of Political Economy, 35(3): 702-719.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. and Perron, P. (1988). “Testing for a unit root in time series regression”. Biometrika, 75(2): 335-346.
  • Rodríguez-Pose, A., and Storper, M. (2020). “Housing, urban growth and inequalities: The limits to deregulation and upzoning in reducing economic and spatial inequality”. Urban Studies, 57(2): 223-248.
  • Rogers, D. and Power, E. (2020). “Housing policy and the COVID-19 pandemic: The importance of housing research during this health emergency”. International Journal of Housing Policy, 20(2): 177-183.
  • Ryan-Collins, J. and Murray, C. (2023). “When homes earn more than jobs: the rentierization of the Australian housing market”. Housing Studies, 38(10): 1888-1917.
  • Sannino, A. (2020). “Enacting the utopia of eradicating homelessness: Toward a new generation of activity-theoretical studies of learning”. Studies in Continuing Education, 42(2): 163-179.
  • T.R. Presidency, (SBB) Strategy and Budget Presidency. (2022). Annual economic report 2022. Retrieved from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Yillik-Ekonomik-Rapor-2022.pdf
  • Tanrıvermış, H. and Mendeş, M. (2023). “Reasons and consequences of failure to establish supply-demand balance in housing production”. Architecture and Life, 8(3): 575-596.
  • Tobin, J. (1958).”Liquidity preference as behavior toward risk”. The Review of Economic Studies, 25(2): 65-86.
  • Tobin, J. (1961). “Money, capital, and other stores of value”. The American Economic Review, 51(2): 26-37.
  • Tobin, J. (1969). “A general equilibrium approach to monetary theory.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1(1), 15-29.
  • Toda, H. Y. and Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes”. Journal of Econometrics, 66: 225-250.
  • Yardımcı, M. C. (2021). “Türkiye’de Konut Satışları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi”. Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 7(2): 380-391.
  • Zhang, J., Wang, J. and Zhu, A. (2012). “The relationship between real estate investment and economic growth in China: a threshold effect”. The Annals of regional science, 48, 123-134.

CAN INVESTMENT IN HOUSING BE AN ECONOMIC ILLUSION? A REVIEW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE: THE EXAMPLE OF TÜRKİYE

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 190 - 224, 30.06.2025

Rıdvan Karacan , Ali Kerem Karacan

https://doi.org/10.37991/sosdus.1528008

Abstract

In recent years, housing prices and rents in Turkey have surged beyond global and European standards, with a significant increase in construction targeting upper-income groups and foreign buyers rather than those in need. Despite this trend, there is a notable lack of literature documenting whether investments in housing drive these high prices and rent increases. This study addresses this gap by investigating whether housing purchases qualify as investments. Utilizing Granger cointegration analysis and the Toda-Yamamoto causality test, we examine the relationship between housing purchases and gross domestic product (GDP) in Turkey. The empirical analysis reveals no long-term cointegration or causal relationships between these variables. Our findings suggest that housing purchases do not qualify as traditional investments. These insights provide a basis for mitigating the adverse effects of housing investments in Turkey.

Keywords

Housing Invesment GDP Social Justice Turkey

References

  • Abel, A. B. (1990). “Consumption and investment”. Handbook of Monetary economics, 2: 725-778.
  • Abioglu, V. (2020). “Bubble formations in the Turkish housing market: Regional review”. Journal of Financial Research and Studies, 12(22): 1-14.
  • Aizenman, J., Jinjarak, Y. and Zheng, H. (2019). “Housing bubbles, economic growth, and institutions”. Open Economies Review, 30(4): 655-674.
  • Arslan, H. B. (2022). The construction industry's share in the economy went back 20 years. My Economy. Retrieved from https://www.ekonomim.com/kose-yazisi/insaat-sektorunun-ekonomideki-payi-20-yil-geriye-gitti/676076
  • Bayrak, İ. C., ve Telatar, O. M. (2021). “İnşaat sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye ekonomisi üzerine ampirik bir analiz”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3): 1283-1297.
  • Berry, M. (2000). “Investment in rental housing in Australia: Small landlords and institutional investors”. Housing Studies, 15(5): 661-681.
  • Bolat, M. and ŞENOL, L. (2020). Pricing and housing bubble in the housing market. In International Marmara Social Sciences Congress (Imascon 2020–Autumn) Proceedings Book (pp. 216-221).
  • Brown, S. (2022). Measures of shape: Skewness and kurtosis. Retrieved from https://brownmath.com/stat/shape.htm
  • Chau, K.W. and Zou, G. (2000). “The Interaction between Economic Growth and Residential Investment”. Working Paper, University of Hong Kong.
  • Chen, J. and Zhu, A. (2008). The relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China: A panel analysis using quarterly provincial data (No. 2008: 17). Working Paper
  • Choi, J.H., Goodman, L. and Bai, B., (2018). Four ways today’s high housing cost affect the broader economy.
  • Cocola-Gant, A. and GAGO, A. (2021). “Airbnb, buy-to-let investment and tourism-driven displacement: A case study in Lisbon”. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(7): 1671-1688.
  • Coskun, Y., Seven, U., Ertugrul, H. M. and Alp, A. (2020). “Housing price dynamics and bubble risk: The case of Turkey”. Housing Studies, 35(1): 50-86.
  • Coşkun, Y. (2016). “Housing prices and investment: An analysis for Türkiye”. Niğde University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 9(2): 201-217.
  • Çınar, M. (2022). “The impact of price, income and interest rates on housing demand: A panel data approach”. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 15(2): 295-309.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1981). “Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root”. Econometrica, 49(4): 1057-1072.
  • Durkay, M. ve Yamak, R. (2004). "Türkiye'de Konut Piyasasının Talep Yönlü Analizi," İktisat İşletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayıncılık, 19(217): 75-83.
  • Dwyer, R. E. (2007). “Expanding homes and increasing inequalities: US housing development and the residential segregation of the affluent”. Social Problems, 54(1): 23-46.
  • Engle, R. F. and Granger, C. W. (1987). “Cointegration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing”. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 55: 251-276.
  • Esra, A. and Seven, Ü. (2019). “Efficiency analysis in the Turkish housing market”. Istanbul Business Research, 48(1): 84-112.
  • Euronews. (2022, April 28). Despite the increase in housing sales, the home ownership rate is decreasing, renters are increasing. Euronews. Retrieved from https://tr.euronews.com/2022/04/28/konut-sat-s-ndaki-art-sa-ragmen-ev-sahipligi-oran-dusuyor-kirac-lar-art-yor
  • Fisher, I. (1930). The theory of interest. New York: Macmillan.
  • Francke, M. and Korevaar, M. (2021). “Housing markets in a pandemic: Evidence from historical outbreaks”. Journal of Urban Economics, 123: 103333.
  • Gökler, L. A. (2023). “Where are housing prices going in Turkey?”. Architecture, 430: 10-14.
  • Green, R.K. (1997). “Follow the Leader: How Changes in Residential and Non-residential Investment Predict Changes in GDP”. Real Estate Economics, 25(2): 253-270.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (1995). Basic econometrics (4th ed.). New York: United States Military Academy.
  • Güven, A. (2013). “Investments, uncertainty, and market structure: A conceptual review”. Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 15(1): 1-23.
  • Hartman, R. (1972). "The effects of price and cost uncertainty on investment." Journal of economic theory 5(2) : 258-266.
  • Hochstenbach, C. (2022). “Landlord elites on the Dutch housing market: Private landlordism, class, and social inequality”. Economic Geography, 98(4): 327-354.
  • Hong, L. (2014). “The dynamic relationship between real estate investment and economic growth: Evidence from prefecture city panel data in China”. IERI Procedia, 7, 2-7.
  • Johnson, L. E., Ley, R. and Cate, T. (2001). “Keynes' theory of money and his attack on the classical model”. International Advances in Economic Research, 7(4): 409-418.
  • Jorgenson, Dale W., and James A. Stephenson (1969). "Issues in the development of the neoclassical theory of investment behavior." The Review of Economics and Statistics, 346-353.
  • Karaçay, H. and VAROL, Ç. (2016). “Physical, human and social capital investments in socioeconomic development: The example of the General Directorate of Foundations”. Gazi University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 17(3): 100-121.
  • Kargi, B. (2013). “Konut Piyasası Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Zaman Serileri Analizi (2000-2012)(Housing Market and Economic Growth Relation: Time Series Analysis Over Turkey (2000-2012))”. International Journal of Human Sciences, 10(1): 897-92.
  • Karı, D. (2023). The Keynesian theory of investment (With diagram and example). Retrieved from https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/keynesian-economics/keynes-theory/the-keynesian-theory-of-investment-with-diagram-and-example/16056
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. MacMillan: London.
  • Kong, Yu and Lu-Andrews, Ran. (2016). “An Investigation into Real Estate Investment and Economic Growth in China: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach”. Sustainability. 8. 66. 10.3390/su8010066.
  • Lindenberg, E. B. and Ross, S. A. (1981). “Tobin's Q ratio and industrial organization”. Journal of Business, 1-32.
  • Mackinnon, C. A. (1991). “Reflections on sex equality under law”. The Yale Law Journal, 100(5): 1281-1328.
  • Mackinnon, J. G. (1996). “Numerical distribution functions for unit root and cointegration tests”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6): 601-628.
  • Madsen, J. B. (2002). “The causality between investment and economic growth”. Economics Letters, 74(2): 157-163.
  • Maksimovic, V. and Phillips, G. (2007). “Conglomerate firms and internal capital markets”. In Handbook of empirical corporate finance (pp. 423-479). Elsevier.
  • Marcuse, P. (2015). “Gentrification, social justice and personal ethics”. International journal of urban and regional research, 39(6): 1263-1269.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). “Portfolio Selection”. The Journal of Finance, 7(1): 77–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/2975974 Miller, M. H. and Modigliani, F. (1961). “Dividend policy, growth, and the valuation of shares”. The Journal of Business, 34(4): 411–433. https://doi.org/10.1086/294442
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2001). The transmission mechanism and the role of asset prices in monetary policy. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w8617
  • Mukher, S. (2023). Let us make in-depth study of the neoclassical theory of investment in an economy. Retrieved from https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/investment/neoclassical-theory/the-neoclassical-theory-of-investment-with-diagram/10383
  • Nilsson, S. F., Nordentoft, M. and Hjorthøj, C. (2019). “Individual-level predictors for becoming homeless and exiting homelessness: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of Urban Health, 96: 741-750. Paya, M. (2001). Macroeconomics (2nd ed.). Istanbul: Filiz Bookstore.
  • Petrini, G. and Teixeira, L. (2023). “Determinants of residential investment growth rate in the US economy (1992–2019)”. Review of Political Economy, 35(3): 702-719.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. and Perron, P. (1988). “Testing for a unit root in time series regression”. Biometrika, 75(2): 335-346.
  • Rodríguez-Pose, A., and Storper, M. (2020). “Housing, urban growth and inequalities: The limits to deregulation and upzoning in reducing economic and spatial inequality”. Urban Studies, 57(2): 223-248.
  • Rogers, D. and Power, E. (2020). “Housing policy and the COVID-19 pandemic: The importance of housing research during this health emergency”. International Journal of Housing Policy, 20(2): 177-183.
  • Ryan-Collins, J. and Murray, C. (2023). “When homes earn more than jobs: the rentierization of the Australian housing market”. Housing Studies, 38(10): 1888-1917.
  • Sannino, A. (2020). “Enacting the utopia of eradicating homelessness: Toward a new generation of activity-theoretical studies of learning”. Studies in Continuing Education, 42(2): 163-179.
  • T.R. Presidency, (SBB) Strategy and Budget Presidency. (2022). Annual economic report 2022. Retrieved from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Yillik-Ekonomik-Rapor-2022.pdf
  • Tanrıvermış, H. and Mendeş, M. (2023). “Reasons and consequences of failure to establish supply-demand balance in housing production”. Architecture and Life, 8(3): 575-596.
  • Tobin, J. (1958).”Liquidity preference as behavior toward risk”. The Review of Economic Studies, 25(2): 65-86.
  • Tobin, J. (1961). “Money, capital, and other stores of value”. The American Economic Review, 51(2): 26-37.
  • Tobin, J. (1969). “A general equilibrium approach to monetary theory.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1(1), 15-29.
  • Toda, H. Y. and Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes”. Journal of Econometrics, 66: 225-250.
  • Yardımcı, M. C. (2021). “Türkiye’de Konut Satışları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi”. Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 7(2): 380-391.
  • Zhang, J., Wang, J. and Zhu, A. (2012). “The relationship between real estate investment and economic growth in China: a threshold effect”. The Annals of regional science, 48, 123-134.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economic Sociology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Rıdvan Karacan 0000-0002-4148-0069

Ali Kerem Karacan 0009-0009-2525-2021

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date August 4, 2024
Acceptance Date April 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karacan, R., & Karacan, A. K. (2025). CAN INVESTMENT IN HOUSING BE AN ECONOMIC ILLUSION? A REVIEW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE: THE EXAMPLE OF TÜRKİYE. Sosyolojik Düşün, 10(1), 190-224. https://doi.org/10.37991/sosdus.1528008
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