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BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)

Year 2024, Issue: 35, 51 - 72, 30.12.2024

Murat Akar , Müge Bulu , Demet Kara

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360

Abstract

This article explores the end of Early Bronze Age IVB (ca. 2300-2100 BC) and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age I (ca. 2100-1800 BC) levels encountered during the research-rescue excavations conducted at Toprakhisar Höyük, a peripheral site located in the hilly landscape of the Altınözü district of Hatay. The archaeological remains exposed provided the possibility to explore research questions regarding the Early Bronze Age collapse and Middle Bronze Age re-urbanization from the stand point of the highland periphery in relation to the city centers of Tell Tayinat and Tell Atchana in the Amuq Valley of Hatay. The mixed corpus of the ephemeral Early Bronze IVB assemblage that includes elements from the Early Transcaucasian to North Syrian cultural horizon was followed by the appearance of a new local material culture in the early phases of the Middle Bronze Age. This allows us to contribute to current debates, including the expansion of the Amorites and Hurrians, and brings forward a hypothesis developed around climate change-induced long distance mobility patterns and cultural hybridization. The functional role of the site as an olive oil and wine producer has been suggested to be a strong economic aspect of the site in terms of its levels that witnessed environmental and anthropogenic stress followed by the subsequent urban expansion period.

Keywords

Early Bronze Age Middle Bronze Age Toprakhisar Höyük Amuq Valley Collapse Re-urbanization

Supporting Institution

Hatay Archaeological Museum, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Thanks

We would like to thank K. Aslıhan Yener, Stephen D. Batiuk and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and to Onur Hasan Kırman, Su Ün and Göksu Akgül for illustrations. We are grateful to Tara Ingman for proofreading the final text.

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KIRSAL YERLEŞİM TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK’TE (HATAY, TÜRKİYE) ORTA TUNÇ ÇAĞI’NIN YENİDEN KENTLEŞME DÖNEMİ ÖNCESİ

Year 2024, Issue: 35, 51 - 72, 30.12.2024

Murat Akar , Müge Bulu , Demet Kara

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360

Abstract

Bu makalede, Hatay ili Altınözü ilçesinde yer alan ve kırsal bir yerleşim olan Toprakhisar Höyük’te yapılan araştırma-kurtarma kazıları sırasında açığa çıkarılan Erken Tunç Çağı IVB’nin sonu (yaklaşık M.Ö. 2300-2100) ve Orta Tunç Çağı I’in (yaklaşık M.Ö. 2100-1800) başına tarihlenen tabakaları değerlendirilmiştir. Açığa çıkarılan arkeolojik kalıntılar, Amik Ovası’ndaki Tayinat ve Aççana Höyük merkezleriyle ilişkili olarak yüksek kırsal üzerinden Erken Tunç Çağı’nın sonunda yaşanan çöküş ve Orta Tunç Çağı’nda yeniden kentleşme dönemiyle ilgili araştırma sorularını irdeleme fırsatı sunmuştur. Erken Tunç Çağı IVB dönemine ait Erken Transkafkasya ve Kuzey Suriye etkili karışık bir materyal kültürünü takip eden Orta Tunç Çağı’nın erken evrelerinde yeni bir yerel üslubun ortaya çıkması, Amurru ve Hurri yayılımı gibi literatürde yer alan tartışmalara da katkıda bulunmamızı sağlamakta ve iklim değişikliklerinin tetiklediği uzak mesafeli insan hareketliliği ve kültürel melezleşme hipotezini öne çıkarmaktadır. Çevresel ve antropojenik baskılar altında, yerleşimin zeytinyağı ve şarap üreticisi olarak kazandığı güçlü ekonomik rolünün, Orta Tunç Çağı yeniden kentleşme döneminde önemli bir etken olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Keywords

Erken Tunç Çağı Orta Tunç Çağı Toprakhisar Höyük Amik Ovası Çöküş Yeniden Kentleşme

Thanks

We would like to thank K. Aslıhan Yener, Stephen D. Batiuk and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and to Onur Hasan Kırman and Su Ün for illustrations. We are grateful to Tara Ingman for proofreading the final text.

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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ceramics in Archeology, Early Bronze Age Archeology, Archaeology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Murat Akar 0000-0001-5485-8465

Müge Bulu 0000-0003-1118-7889

Demet Kara 0009-0009-4926-2347

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date May 3, 2024
Acceptance Date August 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 35

Cite

APA Akar, M., Bulu, M., & Kara, D. (2024). BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(35), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360
AMA Akar M, Bulu M, Kara D. BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR. December 2024;(35):51-72. doi:10.22520/tubaar.1477360
Chicago Akar, Murat, Müge Bulu, and Demet Kara. “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 35 (December 2024): 51-72. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360.
EndNote Akar M, Bulu M, Kara D (December 1, 2024) BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 35 51–72.
IEEE M. Akar, M. Bulu, and D. Kara, “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”, TÜBA-AR, no. 35, pp. 51–72, December 2024, doi: 10.22520/tubaar.1477360.
ISNAD Akar, Murat et al. “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 35 (December 2024), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.1477360.
JAMA Akar M, Bulu M, Kara D. BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR. 2024;:51–72.
MLA Akar, Murat et al. “BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 35, 2024, pp. 51-72, doi:10.22520/tubaar.1477360.
Vancouver Akar M, Bulu M, Kara D. BEFORE THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE RE-URBANIZATION AT THE HINTERLAND SITE OF TOPRAKHİSAR HÖYÜK (HATAY, TÜRKİYE). TÜBA-AR. 2024(35):51-72.

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