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GÜNEY KAFKASYA VE KARADENİZ KÜLTÜR HAVZASI’NDA AKHAİMENİD MİMARİSİ

Year 2017, Issue: 20, 129 - 146, 01.03.2017

Saba Beikzadeh Farshid Iravani Ghadim

Abstract

Akhaimenid mimarisi, artistik ve teknik özelliklerinden dolayı bu kültürün en enfes sanatıdır. Kara denizin kültürel
bölgesi ve Güney Kafkasya’da yapılan yeni kazılarda Akhaimenid artistik bulgular ve mimaride Pers etkileri
bulunmuştur. Bu bulguların arasında saraylar, sütunlu salonlar, kapılar ve tapınaklar vardır. Pontos ve Oluz
Höyükte ki, Akhaimenid saraylarda bulunan kaideler, Sari Tepe, Gumbati, Benjamin, Qaracamirli, Samadlo,
Sarikhe, Zikhiagora da bulunan başka anıtların tamamında Akhaimenid etkileri görülmüştür.
Bu yapılar yapım ve süsleme açısından bütünlük içerisindedir. Her ne kadar pek çok Akhaemenid mimari buluntu ve
geniş bilimsel araştırmalar tartışılsada, önemli olan Akhaemenid devletinin mimarisinin homojen yapısının ortaya
çıkartılmasıdır. Bu durum en azından çalışmamızın odağını oluşturan bölge için geçerlidir. Bu temel araştırma
betimleyici-analitik yöntem kullanılarak ve dokümantasyon nicelik olarak incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Akhaimenid Mimarisi Karadeniz Havzası Güney Kafkasaya Pers Stili

References

  • BABAEV, I. / GAGOSHIDZE, I. / KNAUSS, F. S., 2007 “An Achaemenid « Palace» at Qarajamirli (Azerbaijan) Preliminary Report on the Excavations in 2006”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13/1: 31-45.
  • BABAEV, I. / GAGOSHIDZE, I. / KNAUSS, F. S., 2009 “Excavations in the Achaemenid Palatial Complex near the Village Karacamirli in the Shamkir Region, Azerbaijan - Land between East and West.” Transfer of Knowledge and Technology during the “First Globalization” of the VIIth - IVth Millennium BC. International Symposium Baku. April 1-3. Baku: 88-91.
  • BILL, A., 2010 “Achaemenids in the Caucasus?” Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11, (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm) Aarhus: 15-27.
  • CURTIS, J., 2005a “Jewellery And Personal Ornaments”, Forgotten Empire the World of Ancient Persia (Eds. J. E. Curtis / N. Tallis) London: 132-149.
  • DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2007 “The Achaemenid Impact On the Central Black Sea Region”, The Achaemenid Impact on Local Populations and Cultures in Anatolia. İstanbul: 107- 116.
  • DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2011 “Oluz Höyük kazısı Dördüncü Dönem (2010) Çalışmaları: Değerlendirmeler ve Sonuçlar”, Colloqium X: 103-128
  • DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2012 “Oluz Höyük, Karadeniz Persler”, Aktüel Arkeoloji 25: 104-145
  • DZHAVAKHISHVILI, K., 2007 “Achaemenian Seals Found in Georgia”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13/1: 117-128.
  • ERLIKH, V. R., 2010 “Recent Investigations of the Ulski Kurgans”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11, (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 47-65.
  • GERGOVA, D., 2010 “Orphic Thrace and Achaemenid Persia”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 67-86.
  • IGNATIADOU, D., 2005 “Achaemenid and Greek Colourless Glass”, The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and, the Ancient Near East (Eds. J. Curtis / St. J. Simpson). Proceedings of a Conference at the British Museum, 29th September–1st October. London: 419426.
  • KHATCHADOURIAN, L. 2008 Social Logics under Empire, The Armanian “Highland Satrapy “ and Achaemenid Rule 600-300 BC., (A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Classical Art and Archaeology in the University of Michigan). Michigan.
  • KNAUSS, F., 2005 Caucasus, L’archéologie de l’Empire achéménide: nouvelles recherches, pp. 179- 220.
  • KNAUSS, F., 2006 “Ancient Persia and the Caucasus”, Iranica Antiqua XLI: 79-118.
  • KNAUSS, F. / GAGOSHIDZE, I. / BABAEV, I., 2010 “A Persian Propyleion in Azerbaijan Excavations at Karacamirli”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 111-122.
  • LUKONIN, V. / ANATOLY, I. 2012 The Lost Treasure Persian art. USA.
  • NIELING, J., 2010 “Persian Imperial Policy Behind the Rise and Fall of the Cimmerian Bosporus in the Last Quarter of the Sixth to the Beginning of the Fifth Century BC”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm) Aarhus: 123-136.
  • REHM, E., 2010 “The Classification of Objects from the Black Sea Region Made or Influenced by the Achaemenids”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm) Aarhus: 162-194.
  • SHEMAKHANSKAYA, M. / TREISTER, M. / YABLONSKY, L., 2009 “The Technique of Gold Inlaid Decoration in the 5th – 4th Centuries BC: Silver and Iron Finds from the Early Sarmatian Barrows of Filippovka, Southern Urals”, ArcheoSciences, revue d’archéométrie 33: 211-220.
  • SIMPSON, St. J., 2005 The Royal Table, Forgotten Empire the World of Ancient Persia (Eds. J. Curtis / E. N. Tallis). London: 104- 131.
  • SIDERIS, A., 2008 Achaemenid Toreuticsin the Greek Periphery, Ancient Greece and Ancient Iran: Cross-Cultural Encounters. 1st International Conference, Athens 11-13 November, (Eds. S. M. R. Darbandi / A. Zournatzi). 339-354.
  • SUMMERER, L., 2003 Achämenidische Silberfunde aus der Umgebung von Sinope, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 9/1: 17-42.
  • SUMMERER, L. / VON KIENLIN, A., 2010 “Achaemenid Impact in Paphlagonia: Rupestral Tombs in the Amnias Valley”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 195-221.
  • TER-MARTIROSSOV, F. I., 2001 “The Typology of the Columnar Structures of Armenia in the Achaemenid Period”, The Royal Palace Institution in the First Millennium BC: Regional Development and Cultural Interchange between East and West (Ed. I. Nielsen). Copenhagen: 155-163.
  • ТРЕЙСТЕР, М.Ю (БОНН)., 2010 Серебряный ритон и золотая гривна из Новокумакского кургана №1/1971, Археология и палеоантропология евразийских степей и сопредельных территорий, Герасимова М.М., Малашев В.Ю., Мошкова М.Г. (ред.), МИАР № 13, pp.355-377.
  • ТРЕЙСТЕР, М.Ю., 2013A Золотые бляшки ахеменидского стиля из кургана Б аксы в Восточном Крыму, Древности Боспора.17, pp.345-362.
  • ТРЕЙСТЕР, М.Ю., 2013b Клад серебряных ритонов ахеменидского круга из Эребуни, Scripta antiqua, Ancient History,Philology,Arts and Material Culture, Volume Three, pp:341-422.
  • TREISTER, M. YU., 2007 “The Toreutics of Colchis in the 5th - 4th Centuries BC Local Traditions, Outside Influences, Innovations”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13/1: 67-107.
  • TRIANTAFYLLIDIS, P., 2001 Achaemenian Glass Production, Annales,du 15e Congrès, pp.13-17.
  • VENEDIKOV, I., 1977 “The Archaeological Wealth of Ancient Thrace”, The Metropolitan Museum Of Art Bulletin 53/1: 7-71.
  • YABLONSKY, L. T., 2010 “New Excavations of the Early Nomadic Burial Ground at Filipponka (Southern Ural Region, Russia)”, American Journal of Archaeology 114: 129-143.

ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN

Year 2017, Issue: 20, 129 - 146, 01.03.2017

Saba Beikzadeh Farshid Iravani Ghadim

Abstract

The Achaemenid architecture is the most exquisite art of this culture due to the artistic and technical features. New
excavations in the cultural region of the Black Sea and the southern Caucasus represent accumulation of Achaemenid
artistic evidences and the effects of the Persian Style on the architecture. It contains palaces, columned halls, Gates,
and temples. Achaemenid palaces with pedestals in Pontus and Oluz Höyük other monuments from Sari Tepe,
Gumbati, Benjamin, Qaracamirli, Samadlo, Sarikhe, Zikhiagora are identified. All of them have similar features as
Achaemenid’s.
They reveal a kind of concordance in structures and decorations. Whence there are a vast number of the Achaemenid
architecture evidences, an extensive scientific investigation is discussed. The most important question of this research
is to introduce the homogeneity state of the Achaemenid architecture in the area of research. It is a fundamental
investigation Conducted by a descriptive – Analytic method and documentation based in quantitative method and
analysis the evidences.

Keywords

Achaemenid Architecture Cultural Region of the Black Sea Southern Caucasus Achaemenid Art

References

  • BABAEV, I. / GAGOSHIDZE, I. / KNAUSS, F. S., 2007 “An Achaemenid « Palace» at Qarajamirli (Azerbaijan) Preliminary Report on the Excavations in 2006”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13/1: 31-45.
  • BABAEV, I. / GAGOSHIDZE, I. / KNAUSS, F. S., 2009 “Excavations in the Achaemenid Palatial Complex near the Village Karacamirli in the Shamkir Region, Azerbaijan - Land between East and West.” Transfer of Knowledge and Technology during the “First Globalization” of the VIIth - IVth Millennium BC. International Symposium Baku. April 1-3. Baku: 88-91.
  • BILL, A., 2010 “Achaemenids in the Caucasus?” Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11, (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm) Aarhus: 15-27.
  • CURTIS, J., 2005a “Jewellery And Personal Ornaments”, Forgotten Empire the World of Ancient Persia (Eds. J. E. Curtis / N. Tallis) London: 132-149.
  • DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2007 “The Achaemenid Impact On the Central Black Sea Region”, The Achaemenid Impact on Local Populations and Cultures in Anatolia. İstanbul: 107- 116.
  • DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2011 “Oluz Höyük kazısı Dördüncü Dönem (2010) Çalışmaları: Değerlendirmeler ve Sonuçlar”, Colloqium X: 103-128
  • DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2012 “Oluz Höyük, Karadeniz Persler”, Aktüel Arkeoloji 25: 104-145
  • DZHAVAKHISHVILI, K., 2007 “Achaemenian Seals Found in Georgia”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13/1: 117-128.
  • ERLIKH, V. R., 2010 “Recent Investigations of the Ulski Kurgans”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11, (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 47-65.
  • GERGOVA, D., 2010 “Orphic Thrace and Achaemenid Persia”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 67-86.
  • IGNATIADOU, D., 2005 “Achaemenid and Greek Colourless Glass”, The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and, the Ancient Near East (Eds. J. Curtis / St. J. Simpson). Proceedings of a Conference at the British Museum, 29th September–1st October. London: 419426.
  • KHATCHADOURIAN, L. 2008 Social Logics under Empire, The Armanian “Highland Satrapy “ and Achaemenid Rule 600-300 BC., (A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Classical Art and Archaeology in the University of Michigan). Michigan.
  • KNAUSS, F., 2005 Caucasus, L’archéologie de l’Empire achéménide: nouvelles recherches, pp. 179- 220.
  • KNAUSS, F., 2006 “Ancient Persia and the Caucasus”, Iranica Antiqua XLI: 79-118.
  • KNAUSS, F. / GAGOSHIDZE, I. / BABAEV, I., 2010 “A Persian Propyleion in Azerbaijan Excavations at Karacamirli”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 111-122.
  • LUKONIN, V. / ANATOLY, I. 2012 The Lost Treasure Persian art. USA.
  • NIELING, J., 2010 “Persian Imperial Policy Behind the Rise and Fall of the Cimmerian Bosporus in the Last Quarter of the Sixth to the Beginning of the Fifth Century BC”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm) Aarhus: 123-136.
  • REHM, E., 2010 “The Classification of Objects from the Black Sea Region Made or Influenced by the Achaemenids”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm) Aarhus: 162-194.
  • SHEMAKHANSKAYA, M. / TREISTER, M. / YABLONSKY, L., 2009 “The Technique of Gold Inlaid Decoration in the 5th – 4th Centuries BC: Silver and Iron Finds from the Early Sarmatian Barrows of Filippovka, Southern Urals”, ArcheoSciences, revue d’archéométrie 33: 211-220.
  • SIMPSON, St. J., 2005 The Royal Table, Forgotten Empire the World of Ancient Persia (Eds. J. Curtis / E. N. Tallis). London: 104- 131.
  • SIDERIS, A., 2008 Achaemenid Toreuticsin the Greek Periphery, Ancient Greece and Ancient Iran: Cross-Cultural Encounters. 1st International Conference, Athens 11-13 November, (Eds. S. M. R. Darbandi / A. Zournatzi). 339-354.
  • SUMMERER, L., 2003 Achämenidische Silberfunde aus der Umgebung von Sinope, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 9/1: 17-42.
  • SUMMERER, L. / VON KIENLIN, A., 2010 “Achaemenid Impact in Paphlagonia: Rupestral Tombs in the Amnias Valley”, Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea: Communication of Powers, Black Sea Studies 11 (Eds. J. Nieling / E. Rehm). Aarhus: 195-221.
  • TER-MARTIROSSOV, F. I., 2001 “The Typology of the Columnar Structures of Armenia in the Achaemenid Period”, The Royal Palace Institution in the First Millennium BC: Regional Development and Cultural Interchange between East and West (Ed. I. Nielsen). Copenhagen: 155-163.
  • ТРЕЙСТЕР, М.Ю (БОНН)., 2010 Серебряный ритон и золотая гривна из Новокумакского кургана №1/1971, Археология и палеоантропология евразийских степей и сопредельных территорий, Герасимова М.М., Малашев В.Ю., Мошкова М.Г. (ред.), МИАР № 13, pp.355-377.
  • ТРЕЙСТЕР, М.Ю., 2013A Золотые бляшки ахеменидского стиля из кургана Б аксы в Восточном Крыму, Древности Боспора.17, pp.345-362.
  • ТРЕЙСТЕР, М.Ю., 2013b Клад серебряных ритонов ахеменидского круга из Эребуни, Scripta antiqua, Ancient History,Philology,Arts and Material Culture, Volume Three, pp:341-422.
  • TREISTER, M. YU., 2007 “The Toreutics of Colchis in the 5th - 4th Centuries BC Local Traditions, Outside Influences, Innovations”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13/1: 67-107.
  • TRIANTAFYLLIDIS, P., 2001 Achaemenian Glass Production, Annales,du 15e Congrès, pp.13-17.
  • VENEDIKOV, I., 1977 “The Archaeological Wealth of Ancient Thrace”, The Metropolitan Museum Of Art Bulletin 53/1: 7-71.
  • YABLONSKY, L. T., 2010 “New Excavations of the Early Nomadic Burial Ground at Filipponka (Southern Ural Region, Russia)”, American Journal of Archaeology 114: 129-143.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Saba Beikzadeh

Farshid Iravani Ghadim

Publication Date March 1, 2017
Submission Date January 2, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 20

Cite

APA Beikzadeh, S., & Iravani Ghadim, F. (2017). ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(20), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2017.20.007
AMA Beikzadeh S, Iravani Ghadim F. ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN. TÜBA-AR. June 2017;(20):129-146. doi:10.22520/tubaar.2017.20.007
Chicago Beikzadeh, Saba, and Farshid Iravani Ghadim. “ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 20 (June 2017): 129-46. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2017.20.007.
EndNote Beikzadeh S, Iravani Ghadim F (June 1, 2017) ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 20 129–146.
IEEE S. Beikzadeh and F. Iravani Ghadim, “ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN”, TÜBA-AR, no. 20, pp. 129–146, June 2017, doi: 10.22520/tubaar.2017.20.007.
ISNAD Beikzadeh, Saba - Iravani Ghadim, Farshid. “ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 20 (June 2017), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2017.20.007.
JAMA Beikzadeh S, Iravani Ghadim F. ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN. TÜBA-AR. 2017;:129–146.
MLA Beikzadeh, Saba and Farshid Iravani Ghadim. “ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 20, 2017, pp. 129-46, doi:10.22520/tubaar.2017.20.007.
Vancouver Beikzadeh S, Iravani Ghadim F. ACHAEMENID ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE BLACK SEA CULTURAL BASIN. TÜBA-AR. 2017(20):129-46.
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