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ERİQUA VE MİNUAHİNİLİ: AĞRI DAĞI’NIN KUZEY ETEĞİNDE BİR ERKEN DEMİR ÇAĞ-NAİRİ KRALLIĞI VE URARTU EYALETİ (MELEKLİ VE KARAKOYUNLU YERLEŞİM KOMPLEKSLERİ)

Year 2017, Issue: 21, 63 - 92, 05.12.2017

Aynur Özfirat

Abstract

Son Tunç-Erken Demir Çağı’nda (ykl. MÖ 1600-900) Doğu Anadolu yüksek yaylası, Güney Kafkasya ve Kuzeybatı İran çok sayıda yerel politik güç arasında bölünmüştü. Siyasi gücün değişmesiyle, öncesinin küçük yerel yönetim birimleri çoğunlukla Urartu Krallığı’nın (Orta Demir Çağ, ykl. MÖ 900-600) eyaletlerine dönüştü. Aras Vadisi-Ağrı Dağı bölgesine ilk fetihler Urartu Krallığı’nın erken döneminde başlamıştır. Bölgede yaptığımız araştırmalarda belirlediğimiz bazı yerleşimler gelişmiş ve kompleks bir yerleşim sistemi gösterirler. Bu yerleşim kompleksleri coğrafi birimlerin merkezi noktalarında yer alır. Her biri, geniş alanlar içinde, birbirleriyle ilişkili ve uzun bir zaman dilimi içine yayılmış ayrı birimlerden oluşur. Ağrı Dağı’nın en dikkat çekici yerleşim kompleksleri olan Melekli, Karakoyunlu ve Bozkurt Erken Demir Çağ (pre-Urartu) ve Urartu Krallığı’nın büyük kentleri ve idari merkezleri olarak düşünülebilir. Erken Demir Çağı’nda Aras Nehri’nin güneyi Erikua-Ireku-Irkuahi ülkesiydi, Kral Minua’nın yazıtlarında Eriqua başkenti Luhiuni’nin fethi anlatılır. Erken Demir Çağ krallığı Eriqua’nın krali kenti Luhiuni ile sonrasında Kral Minua tarafından yeni kurulan ve bir Haldi Tağınağı’nın da inşa edildiği Urartu kalesi Minuahinili sırasıyla Ağrı Dağı’nın kuzey eteğindeki (Iğdır Ovası-Aras Nehri’nin güneyi) Melekli ve Karakoyunlu (Iğdır) yerleşim komplekslerindedir, dağın güney eteğindeki (Doğubayazıt Ovası) Bozkurt yerleşim kompleksi de bu çerçevede değerlendirilmelidir.

Keywords

Ağrı Dağı Minuahinili Eriqua Nairi Son Tunç Çağ Erken Demir Çağ Urartu Doğu Anadolu Güney Kafkasya Kuzeybatı İran

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ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU)

Year 2017, Issue: 21, 63 - 92, 05.12.2017

Aynur Özfirat

Abstract

Highland of eastern Anatolia, southern Transcaucasia and northwestern Iran were divided among a great number of local polities in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age (c. 1600-900 BC). By the change of political power, regional landscape previously consisted of small local polities largely transformed into a province of the kingdom of Urartu (Middle Iron Age, c. 900-600 BC). The Urartian conquest of the Araxes valley-Mt Ağrı region began the earlier stage of the kingdom. Some of the sites that we investigated in the region show a developed and complex system. These settlement complexes were located in central area of geographical units. Each of the them covers interrelated units in a vast area within a long time period. The most remarkable settlement complexes of Mt Ağrı are Melekli, Karakoyunlu and Bozkurt can be consider as urban and administrative centres of Early Iron Age (pre-Urartian) and Urartian. South of the Araxes river was land of Erikua-Ireku-Irkuahi, inscriptions of king Minua refer to conquest of Luhiuni which was the capital of Eriqua. Luhiuni, the royal city of Early Iron Age kingdom Erikua; and Minuahinili, new fortress of Urartu and Haldi Temple which was built afterwards by king Minua, must be in the settlement complexes at Melekli and Karakoyunlu (Iğdır) on the northern slope of Mt Ağrı (Iğdır plain-south of the Araxes valley). Bozkurt settlement complex located in the southern part of mountain (Doğubayazıt plain) must also be considered in this frame.

Keywords

Mt Ağrı Minuahinili Eriqua Nairi Late Bronze Age Early Iron Age Urartu Eastern Anatolia Southern Transcaucasia Northwestern Iran

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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Early Bronze Age Archeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aynur Özfirat

Publication Date December 5, 2017
Submission Date October 11, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 21

Cite

APA Özfirat, A. (2017). ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU). TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(21), 63-92. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2017.21.004
AMA Özfirat A. ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU). TÜBA-AR. December 2017;(21):63-92. doi:10.22520/tubaar.2017.21.004
Chicago Özfirat, Aynur. “ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 21 (December 2017): 63-92. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2017.21.004.
EndNote Özfirat A (December 1, 2017) ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU). TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 21 63–92.
IEEE A. Özfirat, “ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU)”, TÜBA-AR, no. 21, pp. 63–92, December 2017, doi: 10.22520/tubaar.2017.21.004.
ISNAD Özfirat, Aynur. “ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 21 (December 2017), 63-92. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2017.21.004.
JAMA Özfirat A. ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU). TÜBA-AR. 2017;:63–92.
MLA Özfirat, Aynur. “ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU)”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 21, 2017, pp. 63-92, doi:10.22520/tubaar.2017.21.004.
Vancouver Özfirat A. ERIQUA AND MINUAHINILI: AN EARLY IRON AGE-NAIRI KINGDOM AND URARTIAN PROVINCE ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF MT AĞRI (SETTLEMENT COMPLEXES AT MELEKLI AND KARAKOYUNLU). TÜBA-AR. 2017(21):63-92.
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