Araştırma Makalesi
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Turkish Adaptation of Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale-4: Investigating General AI Attitudes through Various Factors

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 444 - 457

Hasan Celal Balıkçı , Mustafa Alpsülün

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale (AIAS-4), originally developed by Grassini (2023) and subsequently adapted into Turkish. In addition, the study examined participants' attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) across various demographic and usage-related factors. Following the translation and cultural adaptation of the scale, analyses were conducted to assess its psychometric properties. A total of 315 individuals voluntarily participated, and data were collected via an online platform. Statistical analyses confirmed that the Turkish version of the AIAS-4 is a valid and reliable instrument. The study also explored differences in AI attitudes based on gender, age, education level, and daily internet use. The results indicated significant differences in attitudes depending on gender, education level, and internet usage duration, whereas age did not have a significant effect. Overall, participants exhibited positive attitudes toward AI, with most reporting usage in areas such as digital assistants and language translation tools. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of AI attitudes and highlights demographic differences in these perceptions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial intelligence attitude adaptation

Etik Beyan

We obtained permission from the researcher via e-mail before using the scale for adaptation in the study. The Harran University Social Sciences and Humanities Ethics Committee dated February 15, 2024, and numbered 2024/65, decided that the research aligned with scientific ethical rules.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, M., Wessel, M., & Benlian, A. (2021). AI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance. Electronic Markets, 31(2), 427–445. doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00414-7
  • Al-Ali, F., Polesie, S., Paoli, J., Aljasser, M., & Salah, L. (2023). Attitudes towards artificial intelligence among dermatologists working in Saudi Arabia. Dermatology Practical & Conceptual, e2023035. doi:10.5826/dpc.1301a35
  • Albarrán Lozano, I., Molina, J. M., & Gijón, C. (2021). Perception of artificial intelligence in Spain. Telematics and Informatics, 63, 101672. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2021.101672
  • Ata, R., & Alpaslan, M. M. (2019). İnternet tabanlı okuma motivasyonu ve etkileşim ölçeği Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması ve öğretmen adayları ile bir inceleme. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 9(2), 522–538.
  • Baker-Brunnbauer, J. (2021). Management perspective of ethics in artificial intelligence. AI and Ethics, 1(2), 173-181. doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00022-3
  • Balıkçı, H. C., & Yıldız Durak, H. (2025, April). Öğretmenlerin yapay zekâ teknolojilerini eğitimde kabul etme düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Engineering, Natural and Social Sciences (ICENSOS 2025), Konya, Türkiye.
  • Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1997). Statistics notes: Cronbach’s alpha. BMJ, 314(7080), 572. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7080.572
  • Brauner, P., Glawe, F., Liehner, G. L., Vervier, L., & Ziefle, M. (2024, November 28). Mapping public perception of artificial intelligence: Expectations, risk-benefit tradeoffs, and value as determinants for societal acceptance (arXiv:2411.19356) [Preprint]. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.19356
  • Brewer, P. R., Bingaman, J., Paintsil, A., Wilson, D. C., & Dawson, W. (2022). Media use, interpersonal communication, and attitudes toward artificial intelligence. Science Communication, 44(5), 559–592. doi:10.1177/10755470221130307
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (24. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F., & Kılıç-Çakmak, E. (2017). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (23. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9. doi:10.7275/jyj1-4868
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları (S. B. Demir, Çev.; 3. baskı). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (6. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Er, M. B., Balıkçı, H. C., Alpsülün, M., Bozdağ, Z., Yıldız, A., Tezcan, A., & Yıldırım, N. T. (2023). Yapay zeka uyumlu algoritmalarla öğrencilerin LGS puanı tahmini ve modellenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ereğli Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 377–402.
  • Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2015). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. doi:10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Grassini, S. (2023). Development and validation of the AI attitude scale (AIAS-4): A brief measure of general attitude toward artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1191628. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1191628
  • Hair, J. F. (2011). Multivariate data analysis: An overview. In M. Lovric (Ed.), International encyclopedia of statistical science (pp. 904–907). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_395
  • Hajam, K. B., & Gahir, S. (2024). Unveiling the attitudes of university students toward artificial intelligence. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 52(3), 335–345. doi:10.1177/00472395231225920
  • Kaya, F., Aydin, F., Schepman, A., Rodway, P., Yetişensoy, O., & Demir Kaya, M. (2022). The roles of personality traits, AI anxiety, and demographic factors in attitudes toward artificial intelligence. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(2), 497–514. doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2151730
  • Khadem, M., Khadem, A., & Khadem, S. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence in supply chain revolutionizing efficiency and optimization. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operational Research, 5(1), 29–38. doi:10.22034/ijieor.v5i1.34
  • Konda, S. R. (2019). Ensuring trust and security in AI: Challenges and solutions for safe integration. International Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 3(2), 71–86. Retrieved from https://ijcst.com.pk/index.php/IJCST/article/view/388
  • Kuznetsov, Z. Yu. (2024). Use of artificial intelligence in professional language training of medical students. Personality in a Changing World: Health, Adaptation, Development, 12(1), 34–45. doi:10.23888/humJ202412134-45
  • Liao, S., Lin, L., Chen, Q., & Pei, H. (2024). Why not work with anthropomorphic collaborative robots? The mediation effect of perceived intelligence and the moderation effect of self-efficacy. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 34(3), 241–260. doi:10.1002/hfm.21024
  • Morales-García, W. C., Sairitupa-Sanchez, L. Z., Morales-García, S. B., & Morales-García, M. (2024). Adaptation and psychometric properties of an attitude toward artificial intelligence scale (AIAS-4) among Peruvian nurses. Behavioral Sciences, 14(6), 436. doi:10.3390/bs14060437
  • Mukherjee, S., & Dasgupta, S. (2024). Update and revision in the development and validation of the scale for attitude toward artificial intelligence. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 12(3), 1727–1734. doi:10.25215/1203.286
  • Pokrivcakova, S. (2019). Preparing teachers for the application of AI-powered technologies in foreign language education. Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 7(3), 135–153. doi:10.2478/jolace-2019-0025
  • Polesie, S., McKee, P. H., Gardner, J. M., Gillstedt, M., Siarov, J., Neittaanmäki, N., & Paoli, J. (2020). Attitudes toward artificial intelligence within dermatopathology: An international online survey. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 591952. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.591952
  • Ramírez, J. G. C., & Islam, M. M. (2024). Utilizing artificial intelligence in real-world applications. Journal of Artificial Intelligence General Science (JAIGS), 2(1), 14–19. doi:10.60087/jaigs.v2i1.p19
  • Sindermann, C., Sha, P., Zhou, M., Wernicke, J., Schmitt, H. S., Li, M., Sariyska, R., Stavrou, M., Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2021). Assessing the attitude towards artificial intelligence: Introduction of a short measure in German, Chinese, and English language. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, 35(1), 109–118. doi:10.1007/s13218-020-00689-0
  • Suh, W., & Ahn, S. (2022). Development and validation of a scale measuring student attitudes toward artificial intelligence. SAGE Open, 12 (2), 1–13. doi:10.1177/21582440221100463
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tinsley, H. E. A., & Tinsley, D. J. (1987). Uses of factor analysis in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(4), 414-424. doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.34.4.414
  • Velicer, W. F., & Fava, J. L. (1998). Affects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological Methods, 3(2), 231–251. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.231
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Genişletilmiş 10. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız Durak, H., & Balıkçı, H. C. (2025, April). Yapay zekâ sohbet botu bağımlılık ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Trends in Advanced Research (ICTAR 2025), İstanbul, Türkiye
  • Zheng, B., Wu, M., Zhu, S., Zhou, H., Hao, X., Fei, F., Jia, Y., Wu, J., Yang, W., & Pan, X. (2021). Attitudes of medical workers in China toward artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A comparative survey. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1067. doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07044-5

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 444 - 457

Hasan Celal Balıkçı , Mustafa Alpsülün

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adam, M., Wessel, M., & Benlian, A. (2021). AI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance. Electronic Markets, 31(2), 427–445. doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00414-7
  • Al-Ali, F., Polesie, S., Paoli, J., Aljasser, M., & Salah, L. (2023). Attitudes towards artificial intelligence among dermatologists working in Saudi Arabia. Dermatology Practical & Conceptual, e2023035. doi:10.5826/dpc.1301a35
  • Albarrán Lozano, I., Molina, J. M., & Gijón, C. (2021). Perception of artificial intelligence in Spain. Telematics and Informatics, 63, 101672. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2021.101672
  • Ata, R., & Alpaslan, M. M. (2019). İnternet tabanlı okuma motivasyonu ve etkileşim ölçeği Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması ve öğretmen adayları ile bir inceleme. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 9(2), 522–538.
  • Baker-Brunnbauer, J. (2021). Management perspective of ethics in artificial intelligence. AI and Ethics, 1(2), 173-181. doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00022-3
  • Balıkçı, H. C., & Yıldız Durak, H. (2025, April). Öğretmenlerin yapay zekâ teknolojilerini eğitimde kabul etme düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Engineering, Natural and Social Sciences (ICENSOS 2025), Konya, Türkiye.
  • Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1997). Statistics notes: Cronbach’s alpha. BMJ, 314(7080), 572. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7080.572
  • Brauner, P., Glawe, F., Liehner, G. L., Vervier, L., & Ziefle, M. (2024, November 28). Mapping public perception of artificial intelligence: Expectations, risk-benefit tradeoffs, and value as determinants for societal acceptance (arXiv:2411.19356) [Preprint]. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.19356
  • Brewer, P. R., Bingaman, J., Paintsil, A., Wilson, D. C., & Dawson, W. (2022). Media use, interpersonal communication, and attitudes toward artificial intelligence. Science Communication, 44(5), 559–592. doi:10.1177/10755470221130307
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (24. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F., & Kılıç-Çakmak, E. (2017). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (23. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9. doi:10.7275/jyj1-4868
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları (S. B. Demir, Çev.; 3. baskı). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (6. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Er, M. B., Balıkçı, H. C., Alpsülün, M., Bozdağ, Z., Yıldız, A., Tezcan, A., & Yıldırım, N. T. (2023). Yapay zeka uyumlu algoritmalarla öğrencilerin LGS puanı tahmini ve modellenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ereğli Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 377–402.
  • Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2015). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. doi:10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Grassini, S. (2023). Development and validation of the AI attitude scale (AIAS-4): A brief measure of general attitude toward artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1191628. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1191628
  • Hair, J. F. (2011). Multivariate data analysis: An overview. In M. Lovric (Ed.), International encyclopedia of statistical science (pp. 904–907). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_395
  • Hajam, K. B., & Gahir, S. (2024). Unveiling the attitudes of university students toward artificial intelligence. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 52(3), 335–345. doi:10.1177/00472395231225920
  • Kaya, F., Aydin, F., Schepman, A., Rodway, P., Yetişensoy, O., & Demir Kaya, M. (2022). The roles of personality traits, AI anxiety, and demographic factors in attitudes toward artificial intelligence. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(2), 497–514. doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2151730
  • Khadem, M., Khadem, A., & Khadem, S. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence in supply chain revolutionizing efficiency and optimization. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operational Research, 5(1), 29–38. doi:10.22034/ijieor.v5i1.34
  • Konda, S. R. (2019). Ensuring trust and security in AI: Challenges and solutions for safe integration. International Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 3(2), 71–86. Retrieved from https://ijcst.com.pk/index.php/IJCST/article/view/388
  • Kuznetsov, Z. Yu. (2024). Use of artificial intelligence in professional language training of medical students. Personality in a Changing World: Health, Adaptation, Development, 12(1), 34–45. doi:10.23888/humJ202412134-45
  • Liao, S., Lin, L., Chen, Q., & Pei, H. (2024). Why not work with anthropomorphic collaborative robots? The mediation effect of perceived intelligence and the moderation effect of self-efficacy. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 34(3), 241–260. doi:10.1002/hfm.21024
  • Morales-García, W. C., Sairitupa-Sanchez, L. Z., Morales-García, S. B., & Morales-García, M. (2024). Adaptation and psychometric properties of an attitude toward artificial intelligence scale (AIAS-4) among Peruvian nurses. Behavioral Sciences, 14(6), 436. doi:10.3390/bs14060437
  • Mukherjee, S., & Dasgupta, S. (2024). Update and revision in the development and validation of the scale for attitude toward artificial intelligence. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 12(3), 1727–1734. doi:10.25215/1203.286
  • Pokrivcakova, S. (2019). Preparing teachers for the application of AI-powered technologies in foreign language education. Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 7(3), 135–153. doi:10.2478/jolace-2019-0025
  • Polesie, S., McKee, P. H., Gardner, J. M., Gillstedt, M., Siarov, J., Neittaanmäki, N., & Paoli, J. (2020). Attitudes toward artificial intelligence within dermatopathology: An international online survey. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 591952. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.591952
  • Ramírez, J. G. C., & Islam, M. M. (2024). Utilizing artificial intelligence in real-world applications. Journal of Artificial Intelligence General Science (JAIGS), 2(1), 14–19. doi:10.60087/jaigs.v2i1.p19
  • Sindermann, C., Sha, P., Zhou, M., Wernicke, J., Schmitt, H. S., Li, M., Sariyska, R., Stavrou, M., Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2021). Assessing the attitude towards artificial intelligence: Introduction of a short measure in German, Chinese, and English language. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, 35(1), 109–118. doi:10.1007/s13218-020-00689-0
  • Suh, W., & Ahn, S. (2022). Development and validation of a scale measuring student attitudes toward artificial intelligence. SAGE Open, 12 (2), 1–13. doi:10.1177/21582440221100463
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tinsley, H. E. A., & Tinsley, D. J. (1987). Uses of factor analysis in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(4), 414-424. doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.34.4.414
  • Velicer, W. F., & Fava, J. L. (1998). Affects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological Methods, 3(2), 231–251. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.231
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Genişletilmiş 10. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız Durak, H., & Balıkçı, H. C. (2025, April). Yapay zekâ sohbet botu bağımlılık ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Trends in Advanced Research (ICTAR 2025), İstanbul, Türkiye
  • Zheng, B., Wu, M., Zhu, S., Zhou, H., Hao, X., Fei, F., Jia, Y., Wu, J., Yang, W., & Pan, X. (2021). Attitudes of medical workers in China toward artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A comparative survey. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1067. doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07044-5
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Öğretim Teknolojileri, Eğitim Teknolojisi ve Bilgi İşlem
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Celal Balıkçı 0000-0002-1539-1863

Mustafa Alpsülün 0000-0003-2928-218X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Balıkçı, H. C., & Alpsülün, M. (2025). Turkish Adaptation of Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale-4: Investigating General AI Attitudes through Various Factors. E-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 12(2), 444-457.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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